جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « میدان بینایی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

To investigate the frequency of depression and quality of life in patients with glaucoma.

This cross-sectional study included 204 patients (102 males and 102 females) with a mean age of 58.9±11.96 and a range of 40 to 85 years old. Achromatic perimetry was performed, using the HFA SITA-standard 24-2. Severity was stratified according to the Nelson Glaucoma Severity Scale (based on the degree of binocular visual field loss). Participants answered the Persian version of the NEI VFQ-25 and the depression part of the Persian version of the DASS-21. The mean score of each patient's response to depression and quality of life questionnaire were assessed and the frequency of depression among glaucoma subjects and mean the quality of life score in three groups of glaucoma were determined. In this study, patients with depression, who were under the supervision of a psychiatrist and using anti-depression drugs, patients with chronic physical conditions such as MS and Parkinson's or chronic eye diseases such as advanced cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and Macular Degeneration were excluded from the study population.

The frequency of depression was 40.2% and the mean score of quality of life in these patients was 79.83 ± 19.77. The prevalence of depression in women with glaucoma was higher. People with severe glaucoma showed a lower quality of life and higher levels of depression.

Depression is common among patients. With increasing the severity of disease, their quality of life decreases and their depression increases. This is more likely in women with glaucoma.

Impairment of alertness, attention and performance associated with sleepiness and fatigue in nurses occur in night and long-term shifts that in the end of night shift reach to the maximum level can lead to traffic accidents when they returning home. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of night shift on psychomotor abilities of driving in nurses after shiftwork.
Material and A cohort study was carried out on 23 night shift and 24 day shift female nurses aged 20 to 40 at Sina Hospital in Tehran city, using the Vienna Test System (VTS). The concentration and selective attention, reaction time, pheriperal perception, and coordination before and after night and day shifts were measured. A multiple linear regression model and Backward stepwise selection method was used for analyses.
In the concentration and selective attention test, sum hits (p = 0.038) and in the visual perception test , divided attention (p =0.006) and visual field (p =0.019), and in the reaction time test the mean motor time (p =0.034) showed a significant adverse relationship with working in night shift, but the visomotor coordination variables did not show any significant correlation.
The results showed that the concentration and selective attention, peripheral perception, and reaction time of psychomotor ability of driving were significantly adversely impaired in nurses after night shift. These results in evidence of the mechanism of increasing traffic accidents after night shift among nurses added to the previous studies in this subject.

Visual Evoked Potential is an objective method to assess the visual function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visual evoked responses in different hemi fields of vision in normal individuals.
The study included 80 eyes of normal subjects aged 18-38 years. All participants were underwent detailed examination including refraction and visual acuity. Pattern reversal VEP responses were recorded in different hemi­ fields. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (SPSS statistical software, Version 20) was used to compare responses recorded in different hemi fields, amplitude and latency of VEP.
The averages of maximum and minimum value of P100 amplitude were found in the temporal and inferior retinas, respectively. Moreover, lowest latency was observed in the superior retina and greatest latency was in the nasal retina. The results showed a significant difference in P100 amplitude and latency between different hemi fields.
This study revealed the details of local VEP distribution in the visual field and there was a significant difference in the amplitude and latency of the VEP wave in different hemi fields of vision. In our study, the most visual sensitivity (lowest latency and maximum amplitude) is in the superior and temporal retinas, which has the lowest latency and the highest amplitude, respectively. Superior and temporal areas of the retina seem to have a better response in the PVEP test.

One of the requirements of safe driving is having good and strong vision. Some vision disorders, can increase the risk of traffic accidents. The present article was conducted to examine the role of decreased visual acuity, contrast sensitivity disorder, and visual field defect in accidents. Also, some recommendations are provided to improve these factors.

In the present review article, three databases of Google scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were search for articles in English and without time limitation using some keywords (Contrast sensitivity, visual field, inappropriate glasses, traffic accidents, and vision impairment) individually and in combinations.
Findings: If there is a correlation between visual acuity and accidents, it is very weak. There was a positive correlation between contrast sensitivity disorder and traffic accidents. The risk of traffic accidents can be increased if the visual field defect is binocular and severe. The main considerations to improve these factors have been in the form of recommendations to drivers and changing screening processes.

Impaired visual acuity has a poor relationship with car accidents. Researchers do not have consensus over the direct relationship between vision disorder and traffic accidents and some believe this issue is inconclusive. But among the factors studied, contrast sensitivity has a greater impact on car accidents compared with the other two factors. Therefore, more studies should be performed to identify and reduce the causes of impaired contrast sensitivity.

To evaluate visual field changes after trabeculectomy in patients with glaucoma.
In this retrospective study, 166 eyes of 166 patients with glaucoma (mean age 53.3±17.9), who underwent mitomycin C augmented trabeculectomy, were examined. The patients needed to have at least 3 reliable visual field before the surgery and 2 after the surgery. The data of biomicroscopic examination, intraocular pressure, visual field, best corrected visual acuity, and spherical correction of refractive error were extracted from their electronic data record. The results of this study showed changes in visual filed mean deviation as the main outcome measure. Secondary outcome measure was intraocular pressure, visual acuity, visual field pattern standard deviation, and visual field index.
The mean post-operative IOP (13±5 mmHg) significantly decreased from the baseline values (19±6 mmHg) (P Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy that even persists after significant intraocular pressure reduction. This underlines the importance of examining the optic nerve and the field of vision after surgery.

Visual functions are one of the most important factors influencing daily activities of an individual life. Some medications, however, may affect visual function.Methadone is one of the medications used in drug withdrawal both in detoxification and maintenance stages. Evaluation of visual functions in response to continuous use of methadone is essential to increase our understanding of the methadone effects and improve visual care in these patients, which is the goal of the present study.
In this case control study, 30 drug addicts admitted to drug withdrawal clinicswith mean age of 40.97 (SD=9.90) years were divided into two groups. The case group (with methadone consumption of more than six months) contains 20 addicts and control group (with individuals who has just entered the maintenance stage of drug withdrawal) contains 10 addicts. Several visual function examinations performed: visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field, and stereopsis.
In this study, no significant differences were found between groups in static visual acuity and visual field. Contrast sensitivity in 3(p=0.03), 6 (p=0.001), and 18(p=0.00003) cycle per degree frequencies were statistically significant between groups. Stereopsis also reduced in response to prolonged use of methadone (p=0.04). Also, refractive errors in control group were 1D more minus compared to the case group.
Because methadone is used for a long period of time in the maintenance stage of the drug withdrawal, problems caused by this medicine must be considered and necessary visual care in this field should be provided.

To investigate the refractive error and visual field abnormalities in high school students with hearing loss problems of Tehran, Iran.
In this cross sectional study sixty-four eyes were tested for visual fields and refractive error. All individuals had intelligence quotient (IQ) of more than 70 using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-revised (WISC-R). Status of hearing loss was classified based on the severity and time of onset. We investigated their visual fields to measure Foveal Threshold (FT), Mean Deviation (MD) and status of Glaucoma Hemifield Test (GHT) by using Humphrey field analyzer automated perimetry.
Our investigation in students with hearing loss showed the high amount of anomaly in visual field in comparison with normal ones. The results demonstrated that profound hearing loss was noted in 50% of them Congenital and acquired hearing loss were seen in 57 (89.1%) and 7 (10.9%) subjects, respectively. Frequency of abnormal VF based on the GHT, MD and FT in hearing loss were 31.2%, 59.4% and 40.6%, respectively. All types of abnormal visual fields such as FT¡MD and status of GHT were not associated with the type and severity of hearing loss. Frequency of early defect was 26.6% which was the largest frequency of visual field defect in deaf students. None of the abnormal factors like FT, GHT and MD has a relationship with type and severity of hearing loss in deaf people. The most frequent refractive error type was hyperopia with astigmatism (37.5%) and the least one was patients with myopia (9.4%). Only 12.5% of hearing loss students had corrected distance visual acuity less than 10/10.
The larger frequency of foveal threshold defects observed in children with hearing loss than the other visual field defects. We concluded that a deaf boy is at greater risk of visual filed abnormalities than hearing boys.

To investigate the relationship between contrast sensitivity and visual field defects in patients with glaucoma. 120 eyes of 60 patients with a diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma and 40 (80 eyes) normal subjects whose visual acuity was 20/40 or better and 30 -60 years old were included in this study. Visual field analyzed according to the MD and PSD criteria of Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer and, contrast sensitivity was measured using the Freiburg Acuity and Contrast Test according to the Michelson and Weber criteria. Visual fields of the patients were measured using the 24–2 full threshold program on the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer. Data analysis was performed for descriptive and analytical statistical methods. According to the Michelson and Weber criteria, contrast sensitivity was reduced in glaucomatic patients. A significant correlation (r = -0.289, P < 0.001) was found between the visual field mean deviations and contrast sensitivity scores (Michelson) and the correlation (r = -0.302,P<0.001) was found between visual field mean deviations and contrast sensitivity scores (Weber). The correlation (r‌=‌0.140, p=0.048) was less between the visual field pattern standard deviation and Michelson contrast, as was the correlation between the visual field pattern standard deviation and Weber contrast (r = 0.158, p = 0.027). For glaucomatous eyes with visual acuity of 20/40 or better, a decrease in the contrast sensitivity correlates with increased visual field loss. We speculate that this decrease in contrast sensitivity in glaucoma patients may account for their complaints of poor vision despite normal or near normal visual acuity. This correlation may serve to develop improved testing to monitor the status of our glaucoma patients prospectively.

Optic neuritis causes some deficits in visual function in the affected eye and there are some differences in these functions between the affected and unaffected eyes. The purpose of the study is to compare visual functions of both eyes to demonstrate the minimum and maximum value of affection in patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis. Thirty patients (23 female، 7 male aged between 18 and 45 years) who 22 patients with retro-bulbar and 8 patients with anterior optic neuritis، enrolled in the study and their affected and unaffected eyes underwent visual function assessments. Visual acuity (VA)، contrast sensitivity (CS)، color vision (CV)، and visual field (VF) (consist of MA and PSD) were examined for both eyes of all the patients and the significance of the differences between two eyes were calculated and compared by Independent T-test. According to our results، all the investigated visual functions consist of VA (t-test، t=7. 29، P=0. 00)، CS (t-test، t=9. 20، P=0. 00)، CV (t-test، t= -21. 95، P=0. 00)، MD (t-test، t=5. 29، P=0. 01) except PSD (t-test، t=0. 67، P=0. 71) were affected by optic neuritis and there was a significant difference between the affected and unaffected eyes (P<0. 01). The most significant difference were found for contrast sensitivity with letters (P=0. 00) and there wasn`t any significance in the difference between two eyes for PSD parameter in VF (P=0. 71). Considering the most significant difference of contrast sensitivity between affected and unaffected eyes in patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis، it is suggested to pay more attention to the test in evaluating، diagnosis and follow up patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis.

With an ever-increasing number of vehicles on the road, it is inevitable that drivers will need to call upon an increasing use of sensory and motor skills in order to negotiate safely through traffic. Vision is one of the major senses in human beings, and it is definitely necessary for safe driving. Approximately 95% of the sensory input to the brain required for driving comes from vision. For this reason, visual standards were set up in different countries in order to evaluate drivers’ vision. The object of this study was the comparison of visual fitness of bus drivers based on the standards of Iran, England, France, and Finland. Interviews with and eye examinations of 312 bus drivers were done. First, 312 drivers in South, East and Beihaghi Terminals in Tehran, Iran, were randomly chosen. The drivers were interviewed in order to completed a questionnaire regarding the drivers’ individual characteristics and occupational information. Then the drivers’ vision was examined by Snellen’s chart and a conversation test. The findings were analyzed by the SPSS software and statistical tests. Mean and standard deviations of the age and job duration of the bus drivers were 42.78 and 18.15 years, respectively. Mean time duration after last eye examination was 23.19 months (about two years), and the most common cause for eye examination was exchange of driving permission. The best visual acuity was 10/10 in 51.28% of the cases, and the best visual field was 180 degrees on the horizontal meridian in 48.71% of the cases. 11.6% of the cases were not qualified based on Iran’s driving standard, 7.7% based on England’s driving standard, 49.7% based on France’s driving standard and 17.1% based on Finland’s driving standard. The mean age of qualified persons was 42.24 years, and the mean age of unqualified persons was 46.88 years. This difference was significant (P=0.009). Drivers over 50 years of age were found to have significantly lower visual acuity compared with the two other groups (20-50 years of age and under 20 years of age) (P<0.001). There was not a significant difference in visual field among the three age groups. Based on these findings, it is necessary to conduct a major scientific study to establish appropriate standards of vision for issuing permission to drive.