جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نهادهای محلی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Municipalities are one of the most important local institutions in the structure of administrative law in Iran. One of the important issues related to local institutions is the budget of these institutions. The purpose of this article is to review the legal system governing municipal budgeting; It's its challenges and solutions.

The article is descriptive-analytical and has been studied using the library method and data collection has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

The mayor and the city council are the most important factors influencing the formulation and approval of the budget in the municipality. Inadequacy and weakness of budgeting laws, weak budgets of municipalities due to incomplete decentralization model in Iran, lack of coordination of municipal budgeting with the principles of budgeting, weak supervision and implementation guarantee in the budget of local institutions and lack of strong executive guarantees are the most important challenges Municipal budgeting.

 In all stages of writing the present study, while respecting the originality of the text, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

The need for strategic planning-based budgeting, making reforms in the municipal budget system and paying attention to strategic planning in the budgeting system is the most important solution to address the challenges in municipal budgeting.

The members of local Organizations in rural regions of Iran can have an effective role in the improvement of health programs due to their resources and logistical influence. Favorable collaboration of them needs sufficienet familiarity and information about the objectives and principles of health programs. This study was Performed to asses the level of familiarity in members of local organizations about the Family Physician (FP) Program and Rural Insurance in Northen Provinces of Iran. This Cross-Sectional Study was Performed in the Second half of the year 2012. % 25 of health Centers doing FP Program in three Provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran, Gillan (totally 139 Centers out of 552 units). In each selected center, available members of dispute resolation council, village coucil, health council, village magor, school manager and native teacher were enrolled in the research. A researcher- made questinnaire which its validity and reliability were Confirmed was used for data gathering. Data analysis was Performed by SPSS17 with Significant level of P<0.05. 521 (84.7%) individuals (out of 601 members of local organizations) were male. The age range was 19-81 years. Mean and standard deviation of participants age was 45±9.7 years. 47.1% of persons had academic education level. Out of total score 27, mean and SD of the familiarity in village magor was 12.4±4, in health council’s members 11.6±3.7, in village council’s members 11.4±4.1, in school managers 10.6±3.3. in dispute resolation council’s members 10.5±5.1 and in native teachers was 8.8±4.9. There were significant relationships between the level of familiarity and being participated in trustees council of the health center, sex and the work type of local organization (p<0.05). There were no signification relationships between the level of familiarity, education, the prevince of living and the marriage status (p>0.05). This Study Showed that the level of familiarity of members of local organizations in rural regions of Iran is not sufficient and interventional Programs must be Planned and Performed for improvement.

To get intersectoral collaborations is one of the strategies considered for the goal of health for all by the year 2000 which has been emphasized in the 21th century again. If the members of local Organizations are more satisfied, they will collaborate in the improvement of health programs more. This study was performed to assess the Satisfaction rate of the members of local organizations about the health services of health units in Rural regions of Northern Provinces of Iran. This Cross-Sectional study was performed in the second half of the year 2012. %25 of health Centers doing FP Program in three Provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran, Gillan (totally 139 Centers out of 552 units). In each selected center, available members of dispute resolution council, village council, health council, village major, school manager and native teacher were enrolled in the research. A researcher- made questionnaire which its validity and reliability were Confirmed was used for data gathering. Data analysis was Performed by SPSS17 with Significant level of P<0.05. Mean of satisfaction level about health home was 4.3± 0.6 about health center was 3.7 ± 0.7 (out of total score 5). The lowest satisfaction level was related to incomplete services provided and high service costs. There were significant relationships between the level of satisfaction in the members of local Organizations about health home in Northern Provinces of Iran (p=0.005). There were no significant relationships between the work type of local organizations and general satisfaction rate of health home and health center (p=0.149 & p=0.893). The results of this study showed that the overall satisfaction level of local organizations about the service provided at the first level was favorable, therefore healthy system must explore this positive potential for improvement of health status.

Participation of people and local organizations can be achieved by activities of the Board of Trustees and health volunteers. This study was conducted to evaluate the participation rate of local organizations in health centers performing rural insurance and family physician program in the Northern provinces of Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the second half of 2012. Twenty five per cent of health centers performing family physician program in three provinces of Golestan، Mazandaran، and Gillan (139 centers out of 552 ones) were selected randomly from certain clusters of the study. In each selected center، participation rate of local organizations were evaluated. A validity and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was used for data gathering. Data were analyzed in the SPSS-18 with significant level of p<0. 05. Fifty seven health centers out of 139 ones (41%) had established a Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees establishment was more in the Northern provinces (p=0. 001). In 61 health centers (43. 9%)، health volunteers were employed with a more significant employment rate in the Northern provinces (p=0. 001). The mean request rate of health homes and health centers from local organizations to take part in health problem solving were 2. 7 ± 1. 6 and 1. 7 ± 1. 3 times، respectively. The request rate for providing resources and facilities in performing health interventions were 1. 8 ± 1. 3 and 1. 1 ± 1. 0 times، respectively; and the request rate for participation in formal meetings were 3. 1 ± 1. 7 and 1. 9 ± 1. 3، respectively. The request rates of health homes for providing resources and participation in formal meetings were significantly different in the provinces (p=0. 009 and p=0. 005، respectively). This study showed that a large number of health centers did not follow community participation measurements. Interventional programs should be planned and conducted to improve community participation in health centers.