جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پزشکی سنتی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Ancient medical science is as old as human history and the history of science. Authentic documentation before Avesta is insignificant and there are few prominent scientific and civilizational institutions in the field of medicine before Jundishapur. This study endeavors to analyze the evolution of medicine and specifically Traditional Persian Medicine from the most prominent pre-Islamic civilizational institutions, namely Jundishapor, to the modern era, with an analytical approach, and to decipher the secrets of stagnation and transformation, and with the future research, to suggest the necessary and worthy developments of the present time and the next half century. Analytical historiography was used as the method to conduct this study.

This study aims to investigate the necessity of designing the Ontology of Islamic Medicine in based on the semantic web.

In this review study, the studies related to the creation and evaluation of knowledge organization systems (KOSs) in Islamic Medicine as well as the ontology design in traditional medicine in the period published from 2010 to 2022 were searched in databases including Magiran, NoorMags, ISC, ResearchGate, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Selection methods for study: In this study, the documentary method was used. After searching using related keywords, 20 eligible articles were selected and reviewed.

Ontologies, by covering hyponymy, meronymy, equivalents & specified relations, as well as having a multidimensional structure and covering functions such as eliminating ambiguity, controlling synonyms or equivalents, establishing explicit semantic relationships such as hierarchical relations, and presenting both relations and properties of concepts in the knowledge models, can represent more complex relationships than other KOSs. 

Ontology design is one of the most effective methods for accurate semantic description of the knowledge of the Islamic Medicine. One of the capabilities of ontologies is to display relationships between concepts related to diseases, symptoms, drugs and diagnoses using a graphic environment. Semantic Web technologies raises the necessity of designing ontologies.

Persian Medicine (PM) offers a unique perspective on gynecological disorders, prompting the need for scientific validation of complementary approaches. This paper synthesizes research on the efficacy and safety of PM interventions for oligomenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding. This paper reports on a collaborative initiative involving PM experts and gynecology/obstetrics specialists. The program consisted of two expert panels addressing oligomenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding, employing the expert panel method. PM experts presented clinical trial papers relevant to each panel, facilitating a comprehensive review and critique of available scientific evidence. This process sparked a scientific discussion and exchange of opinions among the participating experts. Thirteen clinical trial articles had explored PM interventions in abnormal uterine bleeding, covering Persian Golnar, Golnar capsules, plantain, lentils, myrtle, purslane, pomegranate peel, frankincense-ginger, quince, ginger, chamomile, and cupping therapy. Additionally, nine articles on oligomenorrhea encompassed interventions like anise-celery, sesame, black seed oil, Fomentex herbal tea, Aslaq, oregano, fennel, Agnogel, and fennel plus dry cupping. Utilizing PM interventions for gynecologic diseases requires rigorous diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic measures. The necessity for further clinical trials is emphasized to confirm the effectiveness and safety of these interventions. Collaborative efforts between PM specialists and gynecologists are vital for the logical progression of PM within the health system.

After decades of neglect, Traditional Medicine (TM), has officially and widely gained attention in recent years. The purpose of this perspective article is to provide a general and transparent overview of the actions taken and the functions of TM systems worldwide, in accordance with the latest reports available from the World Health Organization (WHO). The recommendations of this organization have taken a more structured form for countries by developing and publishing a set of comprehensive strategies for the years 2002 to 2005 and then 2014 to 2023 as a roadmap. In this study, the top 10 countries in the field of health according to the global ranking of the Legatum Institute in 2021 were selected, and their TM status was addressed in order to identify global challenges and areas for improvement in this field and to provide lessons for the health system policymakers. Overall, it can be said that the focus of most countries has so far been on the function of governance, and scattered actions have been taken regarding other functions, with countries in Southeast Asia such as China and Singapore having greater coherence. Replicating these experiences in countries like Iran depends on political will and the cultural context of society. Furthermore, the integration of TM into the healthcare system should not be limited to the use of indigenous knowledge, a certain level of services, and a specific group of providers

Recognizing types of diseases, their causes, and symptoms are important topics in medicine, which play a very important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. In this article, we introduced the book Aqsam-ul-Amraz, which divided diseases and explained their causes and symptoms based on Persian Medicine. In 1275 AH, Hakim Muhammad Shams al-Din ibn Hakim Hissam al-Din ibn Hakim Khwaja Muin al-Din penned the 128-page Treatise on Aqsam-ul-Amraz based on Persian Medicine. The manuscript of this book is kept in Nizamiyya Library, Hyderabad, India. In this treatise, the definitions, causes, reasons, and symptoms of about 490 diseases are described from head to toe in five sections. The five chapters and titles of this book include: 1. Diseases according to organs; 2. Diseases specific to men; 3. Diseases specific to women; 4. Skin and hair; and 5. Fevers. Written in the 13th century AH, this book contains non-Persian words and terms in different sections, and covers important information about the definition and classification of diseases and their causes and symptoms. Despite a small volume, the treatise on types of diseases contains valuable and accurate information for familiarizing with diseases. This book briefly states the main and important contents related to diseases in a fluent and clear manner without addressing different opinions. This book can be used by researchers in the field of Traditional Persian Medicine.

In recent years, the demand for Traditional-Iranian or traditional medicine has increased, but there is still no comprehensive research to investigate why it is so popular. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for the demand for traditional medicine and to present an interactive model of these reasons.

Using a review of the research literature, the key factors affecting Islamic-Iranian medicine were identified, and then the relationships between these factors were drawn using the structural-interpretive model approach. Finally, using MikMac analysis, these key factors wereclassified into four categories: independent (key), Linkage, autonomous and dependent.

By reviewing the research literature, 17 variables affecting consumer demand for traditional medicine were identified. Also, the results of interactive modeling of these factors indicated that “fewer side effects of traditional medicine, naturalness, herbal medicines of traditional medicine, easy access to traditional medicines and tools, easier production of medicines and tools of traditional medicine, and less environmental risks of traditional medicine, long history of use, and religious beliefs” are the key factors in the demand for traditional medicine that affect other components and stimulate the demand for traditional medicine. Finally, these components are the builders of “positive attitudes and public trust” and “socio-cultural acceptance of this type of treatment”, which in turn leads to the creation of “rules and regulations that support traditional medicine”.

Determining the relationships between variables and the type of variables can lead to a better understanding of the subject in order to make appropriate decisions on the issue of factors affecting traditional medical demand and guide production and marketing strategies regardingthis medicine.

 

The main purpose of this study is to present a "Thematic Digital Library of Iranian Traditional Medicine" using Medicine Ontology.

Documentary analysis method was used in this research. The Website builder portal was selected as the prototype implementation environment for the system shell to test and execute various components and analyses.

Analysis of the Indian Digital Library system and knowledge organization tools showed that use of medical ontology is more applied and practical. Suggested components in the TDLITM system as the only example of a thematic digital library of its kind include: Origin and Mizaj, search engine (simple, advanced and based on ontology tools), ontology, Iranian medicine resources, about the system, Copyright, Contact us, System guide and system language. Indeed, menus of plant name, drug name and source name are provided for better navigation at the bottom of the page. In this research, attempt has been made to obtain various concepts for the proposed system shell by analyzing TKDL.

Considering the extensive concepts and aspects of Iranian Traditional Medicine, a digital library system can be proposed as a theoretical support for this field and documentation of its rich knowledge. TDLITM can also be considered as a pattern for other fields, as it will be useful in meeting the specialized needs of the user and better retrieval. Using organizational tools such as medical ontology in the form of a digital library, can help these efforts take on a more scientific and systematic aspect. In addition, efforts should be made to internationalize the concepts and issues of Iranian medicine in consultation with international patent offices. Creating a digital library, a topic similar to what is provided by the traditional knowledge digital library of India may be able to internationalize this ancient and valuable heritage of Iranian medicine.

Background and Purpose:

There are slightly different and diverse names for diseases in Persian medical sources. Among them, learning about native words for a simple disease such as "wart" includes anthropological values as well. Not only physicians and medical historians, but also many anthropologists, folklore researchers, and even lexicographers have been involved in the issue of nomenclature multiplicity.

In this research, numerous and various names for "wart" were collected initially, applying library research, review methods, and referring to resources on the history of medicine in Iran, including texts of medical history, traditional and folk medicine; Subsequently, these words were classified and analyzed through historical-comparative linguistic axioms and anthropological methods.

The words related to "wart" are divided into six main groups, one minor geographical category and two main groups, one minor linguistic-dialect class. Since naming any disease is the initial step in diagnosis, these words indicate immemorial and ancient medical systems; therefore, developing a historical atlas of ancient medical subcultures in Iran is achievable by illustrating the reason for diverse nomenclature of each disease including "wart".

The elaboration of word classification related to "wart" and their function to reveal subcultures is so significant that it could be considered as one of the most important indicators of ethnomedical knowledge in any region of Iran. Regarding linguistic transformations and similarity rates to original words, another classification can be suggested to illuminate the antiquity of ethnomedicine in each geographical location in the country.

In this policy brief, the macro-strategic and operational framework for recognizing, explaining, promoting, developing and implementing Iranian traditional medicine, by using a set of credible scientific evidences in line with conventional medicine and its synergistic capacities is presented in order to implement general health policies and it’s related documents.

The school of PersianMedicine(PM) has a history of ten thousand years and the reason for such a long-term persistence of it in the world medical scene is its intellectual originality plus outstanding ideas and important basic and clinical experiences. In this articlecategories of theories and ideas which have been presented in the PM sources are briefly mentioned.

This article has been prepared by reviewing the available resources of Iranian medicine and content analysis of them.

Five categories of theories and ideas have been presented in the PM sources:I. Hakim, a two-dimensional physician: In the past, Hakim was someone who encompassed all intellectual and argumentative sciences and paid attention to human beings and medicine from a material and spiritual point of view.
II. Paying attention to spiritual medical ethics: Addressing medical ethics based on spirituality is another important issue that plays anessential role in the prevention and treatment of diseases.III. Health-oriented: Maintaining health is a major part of traditional PM, the main purpose of PM is to prevent people from getting sick.IV. Spiritual medicine and spiritual health: According to PM, dealing with spirituality is another important issue that plays a key role in staying healthy and preventing diseases by strengthening administrator power.V. Rational treatment

PM prioritizes treatment with management of lifestyle especially nutrition. Medication and manual procedureare the next steps.

 Categories of theories and ideas which have been presented in the PM sources will effectively guide the way of thinking and medical knowledge both in Iran and the world.

According to paragraph 12 of health communication policies and in order to explain a part of traditional Iranian medicine, it is necessary to conduct research focusing on terminological knowledge in the field of pathological knowledge in traditional Iranian medicine, because the initial research was conducted in This field shows that in terms of terminology, the words related to the description, definition and recognition of diseases in various medical texts of the Islamic period have undergone semantic changes.

This research is a historical-terminological study that has been done by using a collection of the most important medical texts of the Islamic period and recording the views and achievements of the authors.

Many factors have contributed to the emergence of a set of terms around the description, definition and recognition of disease names in Islamic medical texts. The language of the texts (usually Persian or Arabic), how the basic texts are translated into the languages used in Iran and the change and meaning of the words throughout history are among these factors. At the same time, any basic research in the field of pathology in traditional Iranian medicine with the aim of explaining and recognizing the semantics of these data requires considering these semantic changes.

Considering the fact that the medical knowledge of the Islamic period is divided into different branches, it seems that one of the most important of these branches in terms of production of specialized words and terms is the branch of pathology, which includes a relatively large collection. But based on several components, including the use of several different languages or a long historical connection in traditional Iranian medicine and the arrival of new medical languages in Iran (from the Qajar period onwards), important semantic transformations have taken place in the meaning of disease names. And the word that used to refer to a specific disease in traditional Iranian medicine. today is assigned to another different disease.

The current population of the Yazd Jews is the survivors of a very large and ancient congregation of this people in central Iran. The long inhabitancy of this people in Yazd during the history of Islamic Iran, on one hand, and the current small numbers of these people, demonstrates the necessity of a comprehensive ethnography of this population. The present study aims to collect, study and analyze the beliefs and medical behaviors of Yazd Jews based on the recognition of these people's health and remedial beliefs and behaviors.

The data of the present research is the result of anthropological researches based on fieldwork (in-depth interview and observation technique) and documentary based and library research methods. To collect these data, all of the field study, documentary based and library research methods have been used. In this research, due to the limited information collected from field research method, the library research results have been used further. An interview with three Jews in Yazd (two indigenous people living in Yazd and one rabbi (hakham) and a physician residing in Tehran) as native informed individuals has been one of these methods.

For centuries, Jews have been renowned for their expertise and proficiency in medicine in the Iranian culture. Generally, in the medical culture of Jews, special attention has been paid to individual health, maintaining food health and provision of the healthiest raw materials for food. The particular diet of the Jews has unique features such as avoiding the simultaneous consumption of dairy and meat dishes. The Yazd Jewish pathology has a great deal to share with the original Iranian ethno-medicine, and has proposed ways to treat diseases such as al-zadegi, bad e sorkh and naftalus.

The Jewish community of Yazd, which always historically and sociologically has faced with the problem of poverty and scarce population, has never been able to step out of the level of daily livelihoods, and all of its cultural and civilization achievements have not been sustained and perpetuated from generation to generation due to widespread and successive migrations. So nowadays, it is very hard to talk about the medical culture of the Jews in Yazd. Research on this culture with immigrant Jews in Tehran, Shiraz and Isfahan can be the starting point for discovering new points in this field of Iranian ethno-medicine.

The village of Kamercheh Oliya in the Moosa-abad plain is located in the central part of Torbat-e-jaam city, Khorasan Razavi province. Over the years, its population has migrated to the province’s center and Mashhad for employment and the village now has about 100 inhabitants. The Kamercheh Oliya has kept many of its traditions, customs, and ceremonies because of being far from the province center and its remoteness. The purpose of this research is to study the traditional medicine anthropology and to understand the therapeutic methods available to the people of this village.

The data of the present research is the result of anthropological researches based on fieldwork (in-depth interview and observation technique) and documentary based and library research methods. To collect these data, all of the field study, documentary based and library research methods have been used. Interviews with the elderly as native informed individuals have been one of these methods.

In general, along with the use of Medicinal species of animal origins such as " mache olagh", " var avard " (or the first donkey dung), another method of smoke therapy called "kokh golun" and using certain foods such as "khigine sir "and the "chehel bori"treatment method are the most commonly used treatments for the diseases in this village. Physical illnesses such as ischuria, nocturia, toothache and some Mental illnesses and disorders, such as "chehel oftadan", have been widespread in this village.

Traditional medicine in the eastern part of Khorasan and distant parts such as Kamercheh Oliya have preserved their antiquity. The use of natural treatments, smoke therapy, prayers therapy and so on, is itself evidence of the claim that has been largely The use of natural therapists, smoke therapy, prayers and so on, is evidence of the claim that has so far been kept to a large extent by elderly in the village. On the other hand, there is a wide range of oral and religious heritage in the villagers’ culture about diseases and treatments that have not been documented yet; therefore, the necessity of this research becomes more evident. A study on traditional medicine can identify these methods, exchanges and cultural effects among people living in the region and elsewhere.

Abstract Traditional medicine is a set of skills and knowledge and practice based on theories and experiences indigenous to different cultures used for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental and physical diseases. Given the differences in attitudes and demographic characteristics of the population in traditional medicine, guiding public opinion toward this kind of practice is important. To determine the demographic characteristics and attitudes about traditional medicine among patients in Ghaem clinics in Rasht, northern Iran. This study was a descriptive cross - sectional study on 132 patients in Ghaem clinics in Rasht that is specialist center for some traditional medications (i.e., bloodletting, leeches and bloodletting therapy). The study was performed during the first quarter of 2013.Convenience sampling and the reasercher questionnaire consisting of 33 items with 5 option Likert scale were used to collect data. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was calculated 88.Content validity was confirmed by the university teachers. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics and analysis Kolmogorov Asprynf test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed using the spss software version 21. The most frequent reason of patients referred to the clinic was their rheumatic and joint pains(25/8)%, headache(18/5%)and sinusitis and Hypertension(8/9%). Their knowledge of traditional medicine and health benefits were from reading books and internet(40.2 %),the experiences of others(36.5%),newspapers, television and the mass media(1.5%), and friends’ recommendations (29%). In general, a positive attitude towards the traditional medicine was observed with a mean score of approximately (3/9) of 5criteria. Most clients asked for better promotion of traditional medicine on TV and radio, and arranging training classes. Also, 70% of clients say that lower expenses, better treatment with no uncomplications and shorter treatment course were the main reasons that they consult the traditional centers. The Ministry of Health and policymakers should inform, and supervise the centers offering traditional medicine, to pave the way for the popularity of this precious medical legacy. The inclusion of courses in medical and pharmaceutical fields is highly desirable for this end. Also, the more publicity through the mass media, especially television, and short term courses can be useful in this context.

Interest in the use of natural based medicines is a worldwide trend that is approved and ordered by the World Health Organization. It is necessary to recognize the differences between traditional and modern medicine schools for achieving an integrated medicine. The first principles of the Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) were compared with modern medicine by studying the traditional medicine texts. One of the differences is the existence of «administrator power» or «Nature» in human body from ITM approach that controls all systems and organs of the body. Nature is the first physician of everyone and physician’s duty is only helping and enforcing it. There is no equivalent for this concept in modern medicine. The second difference is the belief in individual differences among humans (Mizaj) and using it in protecting the health، diagnosis and treatment. Nowadays there is no exact equivalent of this concept in modern medicine، but the expansion of personalized medicine is a way to reach the common approach in this field. The best pattern of integrated medicine for Islamic society is adding the methods and tools of modern medicine based on belief principles of traditional medicine.

This is obvious that man’s advancement in tropical experimental sciences is indebted to the pure imagination of the authors and researchers. The present study aims to reveal that medicine as one of the most experimental sciences is undeniably associated with literal images and imaginative implications at least in traditional medicine. This occurs due to the fact that in the ancient times، physicians، philosophers and poets were not clearly distinguished and in many cases all the three were applied in one individual. Thus، it is entirely probable that those three fields are integrated consciously or otherwise. There is an attempt in this study to compare common literal images related to some known animals usually used in authentic traditional medicine texts and show the relationship between therapeutic properties of these animals and common literal images.

Consumption of high fat meal causes a sudden increase in blood lipids, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Sumac has antioxidant activity and this study was aimed to determine the effect of sumac consumption on some atherosclerosis risk factors due to high fat food stress in rabbits. In an experimental study, 24 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly designated into three groups: normal diet group, a diet containing 1% cholesterol, a diet containing 1% cholesterol with 2% Sumac powder. Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis risk factors, including glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), low density lipoprotein (LDL), nitrite, nitrate, fibrinogen, factor VII, liver transaminases (ALT and AST) were measured before the experiment and 3 hours after feeding. High cholesterol food (1%) increased TC, fibrinogen, TG, glucose, nitrate, LDL-C, ALT and AST (p<0.05). Consumption of sumac caused a significant decrease in glucose (30.15%), LDL-C (58.17%), TC (29.5%), ALT (20.55%), AST (17.46%) and fibrinogen (17.92%) compared to hypercholesterolemic diet group (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between sumac group and hypercholesterolemic diet group in triglyceride (TG), factor VII, nitrite, nitrate and ApoB. The results of this study showed that acute consumption of sumac might have a protective effect on some of risk factors of atherosclerosis, oxidative stress and liver enzymes, due to high fat food stress.

Abstract With respect to the importance of scorpions sting and identification of manifestations and symptoms in traditional and Iranian medicine, the present study was conducted to review of scorpion sting treatment, prevention and control it on basis traditional medicine and, and discuss about deficit of methods of control and prevention. In this review article, we have searched through internet by key words. We have tried to cover almost all scorpion-related sites and journals as well as internal and external references. The references show that background of scorpion sting is as long as the history of Iran. Traditional and Iranian medicine have many views on scorpion sting, treatment and prevention of cases. Planning of prevention, control and treatment program based on traditional and Iranian medicine were suggested by researchers.