جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پشه آنوفل » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

There is need to develop updated database related to malaria mosquito، because there is back prevalence of malaria in the past two decades in some areas of north and northwest of Iran categorized as epidemiologically clean areas previously. Vectors control is one of the main strategies in controlling the epidemics. In this study، species composition and monthly activity of anopheles mosquito larva in different breeding places in Qom province was assessed. The present study was a cross-sectional one. It was carried out in all 5 parts of geographical areas of Qom province. Samples were collected every 15 days from the natural and artificial breeding places from April to October 2010، using dipping standard method of WHO. Mosquito larvae conserved in lactophenol medium. In the laboratory، the specimens were mounted in likidophor medium and microscopic slides were prepared from larvae، and identified using illustrated keys for Iranian mosquitoes. A total of 298 larvae samples were collected and identified from different breeding places in various areas of Qom province. This larvae belonged to two subgenus of Anopheles and Cellia and including four species of An. (Ano.) marteri، An. (Ano.) claviger، An. (Cel.) superpictus، and An. (Cel.) turkhudi. An. (Ano.) claviger، An. (Ano.) marteri، and An. (Cel.) turkhudi are reported for the first time in this province. An. (Ano.) claviger was dominant species of larvae in the breeding places in Qom province and found in different larva habitats. The peak of activity of recent species is in late July and early August and its seasonal activity is in late April to late October. An. (Cel.) superpictus which is Malaria vector in different parts of the world and Iran is the dominant species of the area had the second frequency. Having high potential for transmission and possibility of establishing a transmission cycle with low abundance is the characteristics of first species. Anopheles claviger also has the transmission potential and was caught in Persian Gulf area. Specific studies such as determination of biting and resting habits and host preference of adult mosquitoes in this area is recommended.

Malaria as a mosquito-borne disease is largely dependent on climatic conditions. Temperature, rainfall and relative humidity are considered as climatic factors affecting the geographical distribution of this disease. These climatic factors have definite roles not only in the growth and proliferation of the mosquito Anopheles but also in the parasite Plasmodium activity. The purpose of this study was to find in which regions of Iran climatic conditions favour spread of malaria. Data on 3 climatic factors, including the mean monthly temperature, rainfall and mixed ratio of humidity, obtained from 31 synoptic meteorological stations during the 30-year period 1975-2005 were used. By running the informative filters through map algebra tools in the Geographical Information System (GIS), the synoptic meteorological stations were classified into 4 groups in terms of climatic conditions favouring activity and proliferation of the mosquito Anopheles and the parasite Plasmodium. Then the regions were interpolated in terms of climate risk of malaria incidence using the tension Spiline interpolation method. The maps of climatic potential malaria risk indicated that the southern provinces including Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khuzestan, southern parts of Sistan-Balouchistan province, such as Chabahar and Nikshahr, as well as Northern provinces of the country, including Mazandaran and Gilan, have the highest climatic potential for risk of malaria spread. On the other hand, provinces in the North Western region, including West and East Azarbaijan, Ardebil, Kurdistan and Zanjan, have the lowest climatic potential risk of malaria spread. Further analysis of the data showed that a large segment of the population is living in regions with medium- to high-risk zones. The findings of this study can be used when designing malaria control programs to identify different regions in terms of climate-based malaria risk. The presented risk map of malaria in this study is completely based on climatic factors. The disconformity between these presented climate-based maps and the observed high-risk map is due to such factors as socioeconomic and lifestyle changes, as well as border problems (foreign subjects entering the country).

Malaria is a blood parasitic infection disease, which is present in one-third of the world as endemic form. Between 300-500 million cases is recorded annually. 2-3 million of these are conditions in endemic area. In addition Impossible vector control of the been caused malaria as a basic military problems in the ast. Therefore this groups have been highly susceptible to the infection. Furthermore, malaria parasite has been resistante to routine antimalaria drugs and this problem is seen in Aftica and Asia, However malaria vectors (Anopheles) have been resistante to different insecticides too. Malaria still is one of the main health priorities in national and intemational level. In order to keep military troops immune to the Infection, the knowledge of different detection method, immediate treatment, the use of prevention and control measures are very important. The best control measure are; malaria study, sensitivity of at risk person, the use of health education, repellants, environmental of sanitation, the correct use of insecticide in the field and the use of chemoprophylaxy with oppropiate drugs. In this review article malaria will be discussed in military troops in iran and countries in the world during two last decades and it's prevention and control measures will be presented as well.