جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کاندیدیازیس دهانی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Considering the existence of many medicinal plants in Iran and the high prevalenceof oral candidiasis, the present study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Nepeta crispa L.and Nepeta cataria extracts on Candida albicans growth.

After preparing the extracts of two plants, their minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) for C albicans were measured by broth microdilutionmethod. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was evaluated by the disk diffusion method and measuringthe diameter of inhibition zone. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 22. The significant levelwas set at 0.05.

The MIC of N. crispa L. and N. cataria extracts was 1.1 and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. Their MLC was4 and 6 μg/mL, respectively. The highest inhibition zone diameter was for nystatin (21.31 mm), while thelowest diameter was for N. cataria extract (11.60 mm). No. significant difference was observed in theinhibition zone diameter between nystatin and N. crispa L. extract (P>0.05).

The inhibitory effect of N. crispa L. extract on the candida albicans growth is not significantlydifferent from the effect of nystatin. Although N. cataria extract has inhibitory effect, its effect is significantlylower than the effect of nystatin.

Oral candidiasis is a common opportunistic disease of oral cavity particularly in neonates because of Candida overgrowth. Colonization of infant’s oral mucosa with Candida species is the primary stage for invasive candidiasis. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of risk factors and oral candidiasis.

specimens were obtained from 70 infants who were suspected of having candidiasis, using the swabs samples were taken from the cheek, mucosa, tongue and palate surfaces. Specimens were assessed by routine mycological and molecular approaches. Results were statistically analyzed using the SPSS v16 software

From 70 infants, 50 species of Candida were isolated. The results showed that the incidence of oral candidiasis in infants was pointedly associated to type of delivery (normal/ cesarean), mode of nourishing (breast milk, milk powder, both of them), use of antibiotic medications, and use of milk flask. There was no significant relationship among pacifier and age.

The findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the incidence of oral candidiasis in newborns with type of delivery, breastfeeding, no use of milk jars and antibiotic use. Therefore, the presence of candida in the vagina of the pregnant mothers can cause the baby to develop candidiasis during birth.

Pathophysiological changes in the mouth of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) predispose to overgrowth of Candida albicans. Various virulence factors such as proteinase and phospholipase production are involved in the process of degradation of the host cell membrane. These enzymes are involved in binding Candida species, especially in the hyphae stage, to the target tissue. In this study, the proteinase and phospholipase activity of 51 C. albicans strains was evaluated. Overall, the rates of proteolytic and phospholipase activities in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients were 90.2% and 72.5%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between proteinase and phospholipase activities in both groups of patients (P>0.05), while there was a significant difference between the activity of hydrolytic enzymes with HbA1C and dentures in the uncontrolled diabetic group (P<0.05). According to the importance of hydrolytic enzymes activity of C. albicans species in diabetic patients, oral health of diabetic patients to control and prevent disease progression in these patients is essential.

Oral candidiasis is often caused by Candida albicans, followed by C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal effects of Rosa damascena (R. damascena) essential oil, mixed mouthwash of R. damascena essential oil and grape vinegar, as well as nystatin against various standard Candida species.

This descriptive study was performed on 5 standard strains of various Candida species. The anti-Candida effects of R. damascena and mixed mouthwash against various Candida strains were assessed using well diffusion and broth macrodilution methods. Nystatin was utilized as a positive control drug.

The results of the well diffusion assay of  R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash were 17 and 6 mm regarding C. albicans strains, respectively, and 15 mm and 0 regarding other Candida strains, respectively. With respect to the results obtained from broth macrodilution test, the minimum inhibitory concentration of R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash were found to be 8 and 6 µg/ml, 124 and 12 µg/ml, 31 and 12 µg/ml, as well as 62 and 25 µg/ml for C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata , and C. parapsilosis, respectively. Moreover, C. albicans was the most sensitive Candida species to R. damascena essential oil and the mixed mouthwash.

The results showed that R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash remarkably led to the inhibition of Candida species growth causing oral candidiasis.

Candidiasis is a common fungal disease in the mouth. An appropriate treatment for candidiasis is the use of antifungal drugs. Due to drug resistance and known side effects of drugs, the tendency to use medicinal herbs is increasing. Garlic is identified as a strong antibacterial. Therefore, in this study, the effect of aqueous garlic extract and nystatin on Candida albicans was investigated. An experimental study was carried out. For each control and case group, one standard strain and 10 clinical strains were studied. The standard strain of Candida albicans was obtained from the Iranian Research Institute of Industrial Research and clinical strains from different patients. Garlic was prepared from the north of the country and was extracted by soaking method. Control groups containing nystatin suspension of 10,000 units / ml were prepared from Sigma, and finally, the diameter of the inhibition zone and MIC by Micro Broth Dialution method were studied. The results were analyzed by T test. MIC of nystatin and the MIC and MBC of garlic show that Nystatin MIC was 3.49 ± 4.96 μg / ml and micronutrient was 1.42 ± 2.22 mg / ml and nystatin variation coefficient was 28% and garlic 15% as well as MBC of garlic equal to 58 /. ± 59.1 mg / ml with a coefficient of variation of 36%. In the meantime, mic is for standard samples of 78. 0 mg / ml and nystatin 0.5 μg / ml. The amount of non-growth halo in nystatin was 29.1 ± 1.72 and in the garlic group was 20.1 ± 1.5, which was 9.1% or 31% higher in the nystatin group and the T test showed that this difference was statistically significant. (p <0/000) and the inferiority halo for standard sample 22 and nystatin 32.  The study showed that the aqueous extract of garlic was able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans but its effect was less than nystatin.

Candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by various Candida species. Theproduction of extracellular enzymes, like proteinase, as a pathogenic factor plays a significant role inyeast adherence andpenetration to the host. Regarding this, the present study was conducted toevaluate the production of proteinase enzyme in cancer patients with oral candidiasis. A total of 20 oral swab specimens were collected from cancerous and noncancerous patients with oral candidiasis referring to the Oncology Center of Ramsar and Tonekabonhospitals, Iran, in 2014-2015. The samples obtained from the cancerous and non-cancerous patientswere assigned into the case and control groups, respectively. These specimens were cultured inSabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol. The yeast isolates were identified by means ofphenotypic method. The evaluation of proteinase enzyme activity was accomplished on a specificmedium. The diameter of the halo formed around each colony was also measured to determine therate of enzyme production. Out of the 20 samples, 19 (95%) and 6 (30%) Candida species were isolated from the caseand controlgroups, respectively. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata had the prevalence of 16(84%) and 3 (16%), respectively. In the control group, all isolated yeasts were identified as Candidaalbicans. The mean diameter of the halo around the yeast cells producing proteinase enzyme incancer patients with oral candidiasis was 2.21 mm in comparison to the non-cancerous group. Proteinase enzyme production as an important virulence factor leading to oralcandidiasis was significantly higher in the cancer patients than that in the non -cancer ones

Due to prevalence of oral candidiasis whereas reported that some medicinal herbs such as parsley has antibacterial and antifungal properties. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of parsley with Nystatin on growth of Candida albicans.
An experimental study (in vitro) doing behalf of Candida albicans strain 10231 ATCC number provided, the plate Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), Merck sub-culture and by 5.0 McFarland suspension is done. The study of 24 samples including 12 samples of Nystatin and 12 samples of parsley on the plate water was Nystatin.1 day after incubation, inhibit the growth of Candida albicans zone was measured and data was statistically analyzed using T-test.
Both solutions are able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans zone, and the rate of 31.4±2.34 in Group of Nystatin and parsley in water was 19.6±1.43 (P It seems that parsley, such as Nystatin Candida albicans is able to inhibit the growth zone. Its impact on other fungi and microorganisms in the mouth is recommended.

Candidiasis is an oral infection that is caused in most cases by Candida albicans contamination.It is found as a symbiotic fungus in the oral cavity of 30‒60% of healthy subjects. In this study, confirmed cases of oral candidiasis and its relationship with predisposing factors, prevalence of the infection and its variants were studied in patients referring to the Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Yazd, Iran.
In present cross-sectional study, all the patient's medical records in the Department of Oral Medicine, Yazd Faculty of Dentistry, from May 2013 to May 2015 were reviewed. The necessary data were recorded in the relevant datasheets and analyzed with Fisher’s exact and chi-squared test using SPSS 17 (α = 0.05).
Of 13377 medical records evaluated, 123 confirmed candidiasis cases were found. A statistically significant relationship was observed between oral candidiasis and age (p value = 0.004) and use of dentures (p value Based on the results of the present study, lower age groups were at a higher risk for oral candidiasis. In addition, some types of oral candidiasis such as denture stomatitis and angular cheilitis were more common in patients wearing dentures.

Oral Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in humans. Smoking is considered as a local predisposing factor for oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and the number of Candida albicans colonies in saliva.
In this Historical Cohort study, 60 people which were divided into two groups (30 in smokers group and 30 in control group) were examined. They were the same in terms of age, gender and use of medicine. About 1cc of unstimulated saliva was collected by the spitting method. Then, the samples were cultured on blood agar and sabrodextrose agar media and incubated at 35ºC for 24 hours. Germ tube test was used to determine the candida albicans species. The colonies were calculated in 1ml of saliva and the data were analyzed by MAN-U-WHITNEY test.
The results indicated that the mean Candida albicans colony count was significantly higher in smokers group( 37/1 ±45 /3 ) than non-smokers ( 53/1 ± 23/1). (p= 0/0001).
The prevalence of Candida albicans in smokers’ saliva was significantly higher than non-smokers that indicates the ethiologic effect of cigarette smoking in increase of candida albicans colonies.

Candida albicans (C. albicans) composes 25-75% of oral microflora in healthy individuals. Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection, which is caused by the presence of predisposing factors in host. In recent years, increase in the resistance of C. albicans to standard antifungal drugs resulted in special attention to herbal plants as alternative natural compounds. The anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties of Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) and mouth aromatic property of Melissa officinalis (M. officinalis) have already been illustrated in Iranian traditional medicine. Also, the anti-fungal and anti-caries properties of Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis) were demonstrated in recent investigations. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-fungal effects of compound mouthwashes (C. cyminum, M. officinalis and C. sinensis) on standard strain of C. albicans. The essential oil from C. cyminum and the aquatic extracts of C. sinensis and M. officinalis were prepared using hydrodistillation and boiling methods, respectively. Subsequently, five different groups of compound mouthwashes containing various concentrations of C. cyminum essence and C. sinensis and M. officinalis extracts were categorized and used for antifungal susceptibility test. Anti-C. albicans effect of different kinds of compound mouthwashes was assayed by punched-whole method. Nystatin was used as the positive control drug. The data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (α=0.05). The mean values of growth inhibition diameter were 6.33 millimeter (mm) for aquatic extract of C. sinensis and 40.33 mm for essential oil of C. cyminum. No growth inhibition was observed by aquatic extract of M. officinalis after 48 h. The results of compound mouthwashes 1 to 5 showed that the mouthwash 5 was the most effective compound on C. albicans (P<0.001, F=184.911). C. cyminum essential oil and compound mouthwash 5 containing 40% C. cyminum essence, 33.34% C. sinensis extract and 26.66% M. officinalis extract had the highest efficacy in growth inhibiting of C. albicans and could be used as herbal mouthwash after once confirmed by clinical trials in the future.

In human immunodeficiency virus HIV-infected patients, oropharyngeal candidiasis is a common infection. The aim of present study was molecular typing of Candida albicans isolates recovered from HIV-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and comparing the molecular patterns of fluconazole-resistant and susceptible isolates. The molecular typing of genomic DNA of 48 Candida albicans isolated from HIV-infected patients were assessed by the random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) fingerprinting. Sensitivity of strains to fluconazole was determined by the broth microdilution method. We detected two main clusters and seven sub-clusters, comprising 24 genotypes of Candida albicans strains. No associations between the patterns of strains isolated from hospitalized patients and outpatients and clinical forms of oropharyngeal candidiasis were detected. There was also a relative correlation between fluconazole susceptibility and strain clustering. The presence of several genotypes of Candida albicans in HIV-infected patients would lead to problems in the treatment and prevention of oral candidiasis. The lack of correlation between genotypes and clinical forms of oropharyngeal candidiasis shows the importance pf host condition in the pathogenesis of candida infections. The lack of phylogenetic relationships among strains from hospitalized patients approves endogenous origin of candida infection. The results indicate that HIV-infected patients have favorable conditions for the growth and proliferation of different genotypes of Candida albicans. In conclusion, molecular typing using RAPD-PCR revealed a genomic heterogeneity in the Candida albicans clinical isolates studied in HIV-infected patients.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis and antifungal drug resistance are major problems in HIV positive patients. The increased reports of antifungal resistance and expanding therapeutic options prompted the determination of antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species isolates in Iranian patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the present study. One hundred fifty oral samples from Iranian HIV positive patients were obtained and cultured on CHROMagar and Sabouraud's dextrose agar. All isolates were identified according to assimilation profile, germ tube, colony color and other conventional methods. Disk diffusion testing and Broth Microdilution of six antifungal agents were performed according to the methods described in CLSI. Candida albicans (50.2%) was the most frequent isolated yeast, followed by C. glabrata (22%). Non-Candida albicans species were isolated from 71 (61%) positive cultures. 25.7% of Candida albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC≥64 µg/ml) as were 21.9% and 16.4% to ketoconazole and clotrimazole (MIC>0.125 µg/ml), respectively. Resistance to polyene antifungals including amphotericin B and nystatin, and caspofungin were scarce. 57.7% of candida glabrata isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 31% to ketoconazole and 35% to clotrimazole. Screening for antifungal resistant candida isolates by disk diffusion or broth dilution methods in clinical laboratories is an ideal surveillance measure in the management of oral thrush in patients with HIV/AIDS. Although nystatin is widely used in clinical practice for HIV positive patients, there was no evidence of enhanced resistance to it. Regarding no resistance to caspofungin, its administration is suggested.

Characterization and application of medicinal plants essential oils may be useful in counteracting drug-resistant infections. To evaluate the antifungal efficacy of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) essential oils on oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats. The essential oil of myrtle was extracted by hydrodistillation method and its components and content were recognized by GC and GC-MS apparatuses. The MIC of essential oil and nystatin was determined by broth macrodilution procedures. Thirty five rats weighting 200 ± 20g was randomly arranged in 5 treatment groups including: (1) placebo group, (2) myrtle essential oil-treated group (2-fold MIC), (3) nystatin-treated group, (4) Non-immunosupressed-infected group, and (5) Immunosupressed-noninfected group. The strong pathogen was isolated from the vaginal secretion of a patient suffering from acute vaginitis. Infection level and therapeutic effects was evaluated by microbiological, histopathological methods and clinical examinations. Alpha-pinene, limonene, linalool, alpha-terpineol and linaleol acetate were main components of the essential oil. The MIC of the essential oil and nystatin was 2 mg/ml and 4µg/ml against Candida albicans, respectively. Microbiological and histopathological evaluations indicated that the essential oil of Myrtus communis had significant activity against C. albicans (p < 0.01). Of course, there was still limited area of infection in some region of mocusa in the back of tongues in which it can remain dormantly and result in illness appearing. The treatment by myrtle essential oil at concentration of 2 fold MIC was not sufficient to remove completely oral candidiasis in immunosupressed rats. Therefore, it should be evaluated the doses of essential oil more than 2-fold MIC in the formulation in order to the completely eradication of candidiasis.

Candida species are the most common yeasts that reside in oral cavity in 30 - 50% of people, and are capable to produce opportunistic infections within the oral cavity. This study was done to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on the type and degree of Candida oral carriage. In this case-control study, oral Candida flora in 34 smoker and 66 non-smoker men were compared. All of the samples were collected by swab and examined by direct microscopy and culture on CHOROM agar Candida and corn meal agar media. Isolated colonies were identified by carbohydrate assimilation method using RapID Yeast PLUS System. Out of the 34 smoker individuals, 27(79.4%) had Candida colonization in their oral cavity while 30(45.5%) of the 66 non-smoker individuals had developed this kind of colonization. A significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the degree of colonisation and the type of candida species which were isolated from the oral cavity of the smoker and nonsmoker groups. Cigarette smoking can act as an important underlying factor in oral candidiasis.