جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کولون » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Colon surgery is one of the important operations in the abdominal area, but according to the type and conditions of surgery and clinical conditions, they can have different results and complications. The aim of this study is to determine the complications and related factors in patients who underwent colon anastomosis in emergency and elective surgery.

In this cross-sectional study, 70 patients over 18 years of age and in need of colon anastomosis, who visited Kowsar Hospital in Sanandaj in 2017-2020, were examined in both emergency and elective groups. The patients were examined for complications such as bleeding, abscess, anastomotic leak, partial obstruction, fistula, and death, and the patients were followed up for six months, and if any of the complications occurred, the patient was hospitalized and examined further.

The patients of the two groups did not have statistically significant differences in terms of demographic variables of age and gender, and surgery time. The highest frequency of the cause of surgery in the emergency group was volvulus in 10 cases (28.7%) and in the elective group was colon cancer in 26 cases (74.3%); in this regard, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p<0.001). The most common anastomosis site in the emergency group was the descending colon region (13 [37.1%]) and in the elective group was the ascending colon region (14 [40%]). The most common complications during and after anastomosis surgery include bleeding, infection, anastomosis leak and death, and the death rate in the emergency group was 7 people. The most common cause of death was peritonitis with 3 cases, followed by cardiorespiratory failure, embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation and COVID-19 with peritonitis, with 1 case each. The history of hypertension and intraoperative bleeding had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of colon anastomosis complications in both study groups (p=0.01).

Based on the results of this study, the incidence of anastomosis complications is higher in the emergency group, including increased intraoperative bleeding, and in emergency situations, the decision to perform primary anastomosis should be made according to the patient's clinical conditions.

Nowadays, Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is popular all over the world and has replaced open surgery for renal and upper ureteral stones. Despite the few complications and less invasiveness of this surgical method, undesirable events, such as damage to the intra-abdominal organs, including the colon, are a constant concern of surgeons. The present study aimed to investigate the position of the colon in relation to the kidney in the lateral, prone, and supine positions in patients who were candidates for PCNL surgery.

During 12 months, all adult patients who were candidates for PCNL surgery were subjected to computed tomography (CT) scan without contrast in lateral, prone, and supine positions, and the relevant findings related to age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and past surgical history were collected and analyzed.

A total of 260 patients, including 129 men and 131 women, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 46.95 years (the age range: 21-72). The highest frequency of colon position in prone, semi-supine, complete supine, and lateral positions, respectively, in 122 (49.92%), 186 (71.54%), 169 (65%), and finally 129 (49.62%) patients was anterior to the kidney. In this study, only one case of colon perforation was reported among the 260 patients studied, and the position of the colon was anterior to the kidney in the prone position in that patient.

As evidenced by the obtained results, a CT scan without contrast is recommended due to its non-invasiveness to determine the position of the colon, especially in different positions, to minimize iatrogenic complications in PCNL surgery.

Considering the anti-cancer effects of statins on colon cancer previously reported in epidemiological studies and uncertainty about the mechanisms of action, this study was performed to investigate the effect of statins in combination with chemotherapy on colon cancer cell lines.

The present study, which is a laboratory study, was performed on HT-29 cell line as colon cancer cell line and normal HFF cell line. After cell culture, atorvastatin at doses of 15 and 30 μM, rosuvastatin at doses of 30 and 60 μM, simvastatin at doses of 10 and 20 μM and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at 20 μg/ml were used for interventions in this study. Interventions were performed alone and in combination. Finally, MTT test was performed to evaluate cell viability.

Mean cell viability in simvastatin (20 μM) and simvastatin (20 μM)+5-FU (20 μg/ml) on colorectal cancer cell lines was 58.46±7.58 and 55.73±15.33 (p=0.999), respectively, in rosuvastatin (30 μM) and rosuvastatin (30 μM)+5-FU (20 μg/ml) was 91.63±10.3 and 56.2±10.27 (p=0.026), respectively, and in atorvastatin (30 μM) and atorvastatin (30 μM)+5-FU (20 μg/ml) was 82.3±26.9 and 52.16±9.49 (p=0.24), respectively.

The evaluation of cell proliferation showed that the addition of rosuvastatin to standard chemotherapy, unlike atorvastatin and simvastatin, had an increasing effect on cytotoxicity.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases throughout the world. One out of eight deaths in the world happen as a result of cancer. Cancer is the third cause of mortality in Iran. Colon cancer is the fourth cause of mortality in the world and  1.2 million people with the disease are being diagnosed annually.

The method of data collection was through review and original articles.

About 8% of overall mortality rate is associated with colon cancer.

Colon cancer has  considerably increased in Iran over the last three decades and it is the second common cancer in Iran according to the annual report of the National Cancer Institute of Iran. The prevalence of colon cancer in Iran is  estimated to be 8 out of 100.000 people. 3641 new cases of cancer are reported annually in the country and 2262 people die  every year as a result of colon cancer. The prevalence  of the disease in Iranian population is equal to 22%.

Colonoscopy is performed in order to examine the gastrointestinal tract. It can be used to evaluate the patients who suffer from certain medical conditions including chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology, occult bleeding, and anemia. The first essential step in performing an effective colonoscopy is adequate bowel preparation.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved 180 patients who underwent colonoscopy and were referred to the colonoscopy unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. It was conducted in a three-month period of time. The samples of the study were selected randomly. The demographic information questionnaire and the Boston preparation scale were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software.

The quality of the patients’ bowel preparation was assessed based on the Boston bowel preparation scale. The obtained results showed that 26.1% of the subjects had inadequate bowel preparation. Moreover, based on the results of the study, the lowest frequency of referral to hospital for colonoscopy was related to the weight loss. On the other hand, the highest frequency of these referrals was related to positive occult blood test. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed that the mean bowel preparation score in all of the samples was 6.4 with a standard deviation of 2.61. Finally, the left colon had the highest mean preparation score (2.33) and the right colon had the lowest mean preparation score (1.86).

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that bowel preparation is affected by various factors that influence the quality and the results of colonoscopy, cause misdiagnosis, and increase the treatment costs for the patients and health system. Therefore, considering the importance of the issue, educating patients, and using up-to-date knowledge about the patients’ bowel preparation can play an important role in the provision of solutions to these problems.

Diabetes is a well-known disease that has complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and gastropathy. This study was designed to investigate the effect of thiamine and lead acetate on the colon of induced-alloxan diabetic rats, the effects of which become obvious in the treatment or reduction of tissue complications caused by diabetes.

In this study 63 rats weighing 200 g were divided into 9 groups:1) Group of diabetes+pb acetate 200 ppm; 2) Group of thiamin+pb acetate 200 ppm; 3) Group of thiamine+pb acetate 1000 ppm; 4) Group of diabetes+thiamine+Pb acetate 1000 ppm; 5) Diabetes group; 6) Group of diabetes+thiamine; 7) Group of diabetes+thiamine+acetate 200 ppm; 8) Group of diabetes+pb acetate 1000 ppm; 9) Control group. After a 20-day period, the samples were removed from abdominal cavity and the slides were prepared by using routine tissue method. Then, the slides were evaluated for the stereological and histomorphometric studies.

Ethical Considerations:

 This study was approved by the Code of Ethics GRN1M1903 at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, and all methods used in the present study, including facilitation, were conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles of animal restraint.

Mean thickness of mucosa-sub-mucosa showed significantly different in groups 6 and 7 compared to other treatment groups. There was a significant difference in the thickness of the muscle layer between the control and all treatment groups except for groups 2, 6 and 7. There was no significant difference in the mean thickness of advantia layer in groups 1, 7 and 8 with the control group. The results also showed a statistically significant difference in the area of different layers of colon tissue between group 1 and control group.

Based on the results of this study, it seems that thiamine has enhancing effects on muscle layer thickness and adventitia layer thickness. On the other hand, the area of the mucosal layer was not affected by the improving effects of thiamine.

The leaves of the Aloe Vera plant (yellow aloe) have long been used in medicine and nutrition by various communities. Some physiological effects of this plant have long been used to treat some gastrointestinal disorders such as gastric ulcer and gastric acid return to the esophagus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Aloe Vera leaf on the movements of the isolated colon of male rats and its interaction with cholinergic, adrenergic and nitric oxide systems.

In the present study conducted in 2016, 25 rats were included in the study. 20 mature male rats of Wistar race with the average weight between 180 to 250 grams and three months of age were randomly chosen. The mice were kept in light controlled conditions (12 hours cycle of lightness and darkness) and temperature of 22±2 degrees Celsius and enough food and water for one week. Adult male rats were anesthetized by ethyl ether, their colon tissue (ascending) separated and divided into 1 cm segments. The parts were connected to a force transducer longitudinally and inserted to an organ bath with oxygenated thyrod solution (37 ° C, pH = 7.4). The mechanical activity of their colon was recorded by force isotonic transducer  and Power Lab AD instrument in basal condition, and after administration of acetylcholine10-6 M , atropine1.7×  10-3 M, epinephrine 10-6 M, propranolol 10-6 M and L-NAME10-4  M in the presence and absence of the extract. The collected data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test and considering p≤0.05 as a significant level. (P≤0.05 ).

Tissue mechanical activity in the presence of extract was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant decrease in tissue mechanical activity was observed in the presence of combined extract and propranolol compared with the control group, but a significant difference in the presence of acetylcholine, atropine, epinephrine, nitric oxide synthetize inhibitor (L-NAME) and the extract in comparison with the control group was not observed (p≤0.05).

The present study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of aloe vera leaf had a modulating effect on colonic movements, which may be related to the cholinergic and nitrogenous systems and is independent of the adrenergic system.

Colorectal cancer mostly be derived from adenomatous polyposis including tubular, villous and tubulovilluos types. Investigation of some genes that play role in angiogenesis can be used as a biomarker in molecular diagnosis for polyp progress to malignancy. The aim of this study is Comparing the expression level of VEGF-A gene in adenoma polyps located in colon and rectum and it's relation with malignancy incidence.
In this study, 50 biopsy samples of adenoma polyp and 20 normal samples were collected from Taleghani hospital. Clinical information was collected. mRNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. Gene expression was investigated by Real time PCR method and fold change of gene expression was evaluated by (2--ΔΔct) method. The outcomes were analyzed by the ABI 7500 Sequence Detection System (SDS) software, version 2.1.0 and Graph Pad Prism, version 5.
In this study, we observed the increased VEGF-A mRNA level in adenoma polyps compared to the control group. Howeverº this difference was not significant (P>0.05), and also found overexpression of VEGF-A mRNA in adenoma polyps located in the colon site in comparison to the rectum site. But statistically, these differences in VEGF-A mRNA expression did not reach to a significant level(P>0.05).
Adenoma polyps have more malignancy potential for making colorectal cancer and the overexpression of VEGF-A gene perhaps has a critical role in adenoma polyps malignancy process. Also, maybe the location of adenoma polyps has a important effect on VEGF-A gene expression.

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant in Iran for treatment of diseases such as gastric ulcer and relieve intestinal spasms.
In the present study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome on mechanical activity of isolated colon of male rats has been studied.
In this experimental study, the colon tissue of 10 adult male rats were dissected and separated into two groups: experimental and control. Each group including ten strips of tissue. The segments were connected to a force transducer longitudinally and inserted to an organ bathe contained oxygenated Tyrode solution (37 °C, pH=7.4). Their mechanical activity were recorded by power lab AD instrument in basal condition, and after administration of acetylcholine (4×10-6M) and Atropine (10-6M) in the presence and absence of licorice rhizome extract (0.036 mg/ml). Also, the mechanical activity of control group segments were recorded at the same condition with extract solvent (ethanol %70).
A significant decrease in mechanical activity was found after administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice compared with the control group. Also, a significant decrease of mechanical activity was seen in the presence of extract and acetylcholine compared to the control group. While the mechanical activity of tissue didn’t significant changed in the presence of Atropine and extract between experimental and control groups.
We can conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice has modifying effect on colon motility, and this activity maybe occurred independent of the cholinergic system.

Hydroalcholic extract of Peppermint is traditionally used for gastrointestinal disorders. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Peppermint extract on the mice colon motor activity following immobilization stress.
In this experimental study, 30 male Albino mice were randomly allocated into the three groups; including control, stress and stress Peppermint oil groups (n=10). The second group as a stress group exposed to immobilization stress for four hours during three days. Third group as stress plus Peppermint oil group was exposed to stress in addition to administration of 27 mg/kg/bw Peppermint oil intraperitoneally prior to stress. After three days, intestinal and peristaltic activity was recorded using pressure transducer from in vitro segments of colon (4-5 cm in length. Also, fecal weight, food intake and body weight was measured for each mouse for in vivo condition.
The mean±SD of fecal weight after three times stress immobilization was 1.36±0.71, 1.06±0.6 and 0.47±0.39 gr in control, stress and Stress Peppermint oil groups, respectively (P Peppermint oil is a strong inhibitor for colon motor activity following immobilization stress.

The licorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra) rhizome has been widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as gastric ulcer and relieve intestinal spasms. In the present study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of licoricerhizome on mechanical activity of isolated colon of male rats has been studied.
Adult male rats were anesthetized by ethyl ether, their abdomen opened, and colon tissues were removed and divided into 1 cm segments. The segments were connected to a force transducer longitudinally and inserted to an organ bathe contained oxygenated Tyrode solution (37 °C, pH=7.4). Their mechanical activity of ileum was recorded by power lab AD instrument in basal condition, and after administration of L-NAME (10-4M), acetylcholine (4×10-5M) and Atropine (10-5M) drugs in the presence and absence of licorice rhizome extract were recorded (0.036mg/ml). Also, the mechanical activity of control group segments were recorded at the same condition with extract solvent (ethanol %70).
A significant decrease in mechanical activity of the isolated colon occurred after administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome compared to the control group (p≤0.05). Also, a significant decrease was seen in mechanical activity occurredin the co-administration of extract and acetylcholine compared to the control group. The mechanical activity of tissue was not significantly changed in the presence of Atropine and extract between experimental and control groups. The mechanical activity of ileum tissue was not significantly changed in the co-administration of L-NAME and extract between experimental and control groups.
We can conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice has modifying effect on colon motility, and this activity may be occurred independently in the nitrergic and cholinergic systems.

Back ground & aim: Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) is a native medicinal plant in Iran that its rhizome has been traditionally used for treatment of bowel spasm and diarrhea. So in the present study, the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome on mechanical activity of isolated colon of male rats has been studied.
In this experimental study, colon tissue of adult male rats were dissected and separated into two groups: experimental and control. Then mechanical activity of tissue strips were recorded by power lab A-D instrument in basal condition, and after administration of phenylephrine and epinephrine and propranolol in the presence and absence of licorice rhizome extract (with effective dose 0.036 mg/ml). Also the mechanical activity of control group strips were recorded at the same condition with extract solvent (ethanol %70). Data were analyzed statistically with using Independent-Samples T Test.
The mechanical activity of tissue in presence of extract and epinephrine significantly decreased (p≤0.05) with compare to the control group. while the mechanical activity in the presence of extract and propranolol significantly increased (p≤0.05) With compare to the control group. but the mechanical activity of tissue doesn’t significant change in the presence of phenylephrine and extract with compare to the control group
According to the present study it can be concluded that hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice maybe has modifying effect on colon motility via synergist effect with beta adrenergic receptors and independent of the alpha adrenergic receptors.

Overweight and obesity are increasing in the last three decades indicates the strong influence of environmental factors. Fats are the most important sources of human food which is considered as one of the reason for obesity. Among the components of the diet, poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are resulting in obesity. This study was done to evaluate the effect of diets containing poly unsaturated fatty acid on body weight and colon macroscopic properties in rabbit. In this experimental study, 24 female rabbits were allocated into three experimental groups including short, medium and long term and control groups (three subgroups). Animals in experimental groups were received diet containing corn oil for one month (short term), two months (medium term) and three months (long term). Animals at the end of the first, second and third months, were weighed and dissected and taken biopsy from colon. The macroscopic properties of the samples including shape and arrangement of Haustration were evaluated. Over weight was not in the long – term consumption of corn oil in comparison with controls, but Haustra organization in different parts of the colon were disappeard in experimental animals. The diet containing poly unsaturated fatty acid causes macroscopic alteration in rabbit colon.

Determining of gestational age is of great importance in prenatal care. Nowadays، sonography is accepted as the best method of calculation of gestational age. But as pregnancy enters into the third trimester، the accuracy of parameters determining the gestational age by ultrasound decreases. Therefore، there is a need to new ultrasonic parameters. This study was performed with the aim to evaluate the correlation between gestational age and fetal colon diameter; and finally establishing a normal range of colon diameter in Iranian fetuses. This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 pregnant women who had referred to the hospitals of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad for routine ultrasound assessment at third trimester in 2013-14. The patients underwent sonography. The maximum diameter of fetal descending colon was measured in transverse section، then its correlation with gestational age was assessed by Pearson correlation test. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (Version 16). From 100 screened fetuses، 60 fetuses aged 38 weeks or more، and 40 fetuses aged less than 38 weeks. The minimum and maximum of measured colon diameter in preterm fetuses were 10. 9، 13. 4، respectively and in term fetuses were 13. 5، 17. 9 millimeter، respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between gestational age and colon diameter (P=0/98). there is a good linear relationship between gestational age and fetal colon diameter; therefore، it can be used as an independent biometry for determining of gestational age. Also، colon diameter seems to be a good marker for identifying term fetuses.

Gastrointestinal polyps have pre-carcinomatous potential. In regard to increasing rate of gastrointestinal cancers and the relation between polyps with cancers, this study was done to determine the anatomical and histopathological distribution of gastrointestinal polyps in Gorgan, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 290 patients with gastrointestinal polyps were undergoing colonoscopy or endoscopy in 5th Azar teaching hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran during 1999-2008. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic method. Gender and age was recorded for each patient. 56.6% of patients were males 19.3% of polyps was diagnosed in the sixth decade of patient's age. The most frequent pathological type of gastrointestinal polyps was adenoma (54.1%) followed by hyperplastic (19.7%), acute inflammatory (13.8%) and young polyps type (11.4%). Tubular type with 63% was the most common type of adenoma polyp followed by various villouses (19.1%) and tubulovillous (17.9%). 87.2% and 12.8% of polyps were in colon and stomach, respectively. The most frequent anatomical position of polyps was rectum (30%) followed by sigmoid with 26/1%. Adenoma polyp in colon was the most common type in gastrointestinal tract.

Primary chronic constipation is a common problem, but is less likely lead to a malignant condition. The act of defecation is involuntary at the beginning but it needs voluntary muscles to work synergistically to take place satisfactorily. Some metabolic diseases and drugs can cause constipation, which can be cured by the cessation of the drug or the treatment of the underlying disease. Acute or sudden onset of constipation or change of bowel hobbit should be thoroughly worked up. Secondary constipation is due to spinal cord injury or nerve damage, but it is not discussed here. Ordinary person have their own definition of constipation, so in handling a patient with this problem it should be known precisely what does he or she means by constipation.In the last decade new drugs are used for the treatment of constipation. Surgical treatment of constipation is also common in some cases, after careful work ups, and is defined as total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis and it is described here. Since this kind of surgery is becoming common in certain cases, it is necessary that our colleagues become familiar with it.

Colon and rectum cancers are the third most common cancers in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the survival of colon cancer patients who referred to Omid Hospital of Mashhad from 2006 to 2011. In this historical cohort study, 136 colon cancer patients were investigated. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Then the best model was determined to fit the survival data in regard to Akaike criteria and the risk factors were established using SAS software. (α = 0.05) The mean age at diagnosis was 57.36 ± 1.22 years. According to Akaike criteria, the Cox model was identified as an appropriate model for fitting the survival data. The 1,2,3,4 years survival rate were 76%, 62%, 56% and 44% respectively and the mean survival time in five years period, was 3.03 years. Patients who were recurrence-free, patients with lower levels of cancer and patients without a history of smoking had a significantly higher survival probability (p-value<0.05) Considering different results from different studies, further studies to detection of effective factors in the survival rate of patients seem to be necessary. Mean survival in these patients compared with the other studies is less (3.03) that delay in diagnosis maybe is one of its reasons and because Duke’s stage in one of the important effective factors, emphasis on early references for detection should be considered.

In the presence of competing risks، using of cumulative incidence function is important from the health economic evaluation point of view. This study aimed to use this function for determining the risk factors of competing events of colon and rectal cancers in metastatic patients. In this survival study، data including age at diagnosis، sex، marital status، Body Mass Index (BMI)، morphology of cancer، tumor size، tumor grade and pathological stage were gathered from the Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases، Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences، Tehran for 94 metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Using a regression model based on the cumulative incidence function، parameters and tests of significance were obtained utilizing the R 2. 13. 1 software. Five-year survival for metastatic patients with colon and rectal cancer، were 46. 79% and 65. 58% respectively، and the cumulative incidences were computed as. 8 and 1. 0 during a 100 months period، respectively. In the univariate and multivariate model، marital status in patients with colon cancer and in the univariate model، BMI and morphology were significant risk factors for rectal cancer. Using of modeling based on cumulative incidence function is recommended as a model to study the risk factor of colon and rectal cancers due to its optimal characteristics.

Çolon lipoma is a rare benign tumor which is usually detected incidentally and is mostly asymptomatic. The author describes a case of obstruction due to lipoma. Â 46-year-old man with a two-month history of abdominal pain, and intermittent nausea, vomiting and melena for 3 weeks is reported. During colonoscopy, it was found that there was a colon mass and the pathological report showed chronic inflammation and a complete obstruction with barium was observed. Due to his constipation, severe abdominal pain and transverse, colectomy was performed. Pathological report showed submucosal lipoma. Finally, he felt well and was discharged from hospital

Cholera is always being considered as a public health threat in poor and developing countries. However outbreaks of cholera are not very common in central area of Iran; in 2008 district health authority reported a cluster of diarrhea cases. We investigated this cluster to identify the etiological agent، source of transmission and propose control measures. We analyzed the data of total of 1219 patients with colorectal cancer who registered between 1 January 2002 to 1 October 2007. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) parametric survival model with frailty، utilizing STATA statistical software. In the univariate analysis for age at diagnosis، gender، marital status، race and education level، the survival of patients with colon cancer were approximately between half to one fourth and for BMI، alcohol history، Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)، familial history of cancer and the pathologic stage of tumor، the survival of patients with colon cancer were significantly (between 0. 12 to 0. 56 times) shorter than those patients with rectal cancer. In the multivariate analysis، for age at diagnosis (45-65 years)، there was significant difference between colon and rectum cancer. But for BMI، alcohol history، IBD and pathologic stage there were not significant differences. The adjusted survival and 1، 2، 3، 4 and 5 year survival of patients with rectal cancer were better than those with colon cancer. Site-specific evaluation of colon and rectum could give a better perspective of factors affecting these cancers. It may help to design of clinical trials، better diagnosis of diseases and optimal administration of specific treatments.