جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « 5 years » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Unhealthy snacks consumption has an important role in childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention for mothers on the consumption of healthy snacks in children aged 1-5 years using social cognitive theory.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was (IRCT2013062912456N2) conducted on 126 mothers who had children 1-5 years old in 2013. The mothers were selected from Hamadan health centers and divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention consisted of four sessions, a booklet, a short video, and 6 written messages. The constructs of SCT and food consumption frequency were assessed at baseline, 10 days after the last session and 2-months after the intervention. The data were analyzed by Chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated measures and covariance analysis using SPSS software version 16.
At baseline, the two groups were similar in the demographic characteristics, the constructs of SCT, and unhealthy snacks consumption frequency (P>0.05). Considering that the interaction effects of group and time in the repeated measurement analysis of variance were significant, the means of two groups were compared at each stage using independent t test and significant differences between the two groups were observed at two stages after the intervention.
This intervention had a positive effect on the consumption of healthy snacks. Therefore, SCT and the implemented procedure could be used to develop interventions to modify snack consumption patterns in children.

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. Diet has a major role in prevention of oral diseases as well as dental caries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and type of snack consumption among 3-6 year-old-children in Rbor and Baft in 2011. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 kindergarten children aged 3-6 years old in Baft and Rabor cities through multiple stratified systematic sampling methods. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire (sex, parents’ education and their job, and number of children) and 2 checklists consist of daily type and frequency of snack consumption in kindergarten and at home. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 software using T and χ2 tests. In the present study, 125(52.1%) kids were boysand the rest were girls. 45.42% of snacks were cariogenic. The mean of weekly snack consumption by boys and girls were 45.68±18.98 and 46.05±18.10 respectively, and there were not any significant differences between them (P=0.879). The mean of snack consumption at home was meaningfully higher than that at kindergarten (P=0.000). Frequency of snack consumption in Rbor was higher than that in Baft, but the difference was not significant (P=0.493).There were not any meaningful statistical differences between fathers and mothers ‘educational level and the mean of weekly snack consumption (P=0.643 and P=0.762). Based on the findings of the present study the mean of snack consumption at kindergartens in Baft and Rabor was high. However snacks provide a part of energy for children's growth, choosing healthy snack is necessary for dental health.

Anxiety is the commonest problems before surgery. Preoperative anxiety not only causes pain and many suffering for children، but also has a negative impact on the recovery after surgery and probably later than that. Selecting a low risk and cost-effective way to control children''s anxiety before surgery seems necessary.

Influence of the puppet Kolah Ghermezi on preoperative anxiety in hospitalized children with appendicitis.

In one quasi-experimental randomized control trial at Dr. Shaykh hospital of Mashhad، 50 children aged between 6 and 12 years old who were being prepared for appendicitis operation، were selected by simple draw and divided into two groups of intervention and control. Children in the intervention group were familiarized with the puppet Kolah Ghermezi one hour prior to the operation. The RCMAS anxiety test was then conducted on each child before referring them to an anesthesiologist. Data were analyzed by independent and paired T-tests using SPSS version 16.

18 girls and 32 boys with a mean age of 9. 45 ± 2 years participated in the study. In the intervention group، the mean anxiety before and after the intervention was 48. 9 ± 16. 7 and 31. 5±12. 4، and in control group was 45. 5±17. 3 and 59. 1 ± 19. 6، respectively. Differences in the anxiety before and after treatment in both groups was significant، showing a decrease in the intervention group while in the control group had an increase (p <0/001).

The puppet Kolah Ghermezi can be recommended as an effective way to reduce the anxiety before surgery.

Dental absence causes functional and esthetic outcomes in the involved patients so that the diagnosis and decrease of these complexities are of main concerns. Furthermore, maxillary lateral incisors absence develops the esthetic problems than other teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of absence of maxillary permanent lateral incisors in 12-15 years-old students of guidance schools in Qazvin during 2008-2009. In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 1512 students of guidance schools in Qazvin city were selected via simple cluster sampling and underwent initial examinations was done in classrooms under daylight. Students, doubtful for maxillary lateral incisors absence, were referred for a detailed analysis to Qazvin Dental School, then they were examined by radiographic assessments and further analyses were performed on them. The data were reported by frequency and percentage indices. The congenitally absence of maxillary lateral incisors was observed in 16 students (1.058%) of the total populations: 7 cases (43.8%) occurred in the right side, 2 cases (12.5%) in the left side and 7 cases (43.8%) were bilateral. 11 samples (68.8%) had permanent dentition and 5 students (31.3%) were in mixed dentition. No case of supernumerary teeth and scar of lip, pre maxilla and palate. The prevalence of maxillary lateral incisors in the 12-15 years-old students of Qazvin city compares with the other reported values in the studied populations.