جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « alcohol abuse » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system disease, and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) is one the main types of MS, which has unknown environmental risk factors.   The present study was conducted with the aim to identify the association of waterpipe and cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption with the risk of PPMS development.

A population-based, case-control study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, on 146 PPMS cases and 294 controls. PPMS cases were diagnosed and confirmed by neurologists. Standard random digit dialing was used to select sex-matched healthy control participants from the same source population as the cases. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR).

In total, 440 subjects participated in the study. PPMS was associated with ever smoking cigarettes [OR = 2.48; confidence interval (CI) = 1.44-4.27], and passive smoking (OR = 2.20; CI = 1.34-3.62). However, having ever smoked waterpipe was not significantly associated with PPMS risk (OR = 1.19; CI = 0.62-2.26). Those who had all 3 types of smoking had an accumulative OR that was 10.45 times higher than that in individuals without any type of smoking (OR: 10.45; 95% CI = 3.5-31.2). We did not find any significant association between PPMS risk and substance abuse and alcohol consumption.

Cigarette smoking and being exposed to passive smoking are important risk factors for developing PPMS; in addition, the use of 3 types of smoking, showed an OR higher than that in those without any smoking. Considering the global increase in tobacco smoking, this finding emphasizes the importance of interventional programs for the prevention of tobacco smoking.

 According to the high prevalence of alcohol poisoning, we aimed to study the demographical and clinical characteristics of patients with alcohol abuse, and the frequency of alcohol poisoning in hospitalized patients with alcohol consumption..

 In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 513 patients who were referred to the Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, from 2015 to 2019, were tested for alcohol consumption. A checklist including demographic and clinical data of patients was completed by the researchers. Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS software version.22.

 Data analysis revealed that 85% of patients were male and the mean age of patients was 31.13±21.6 (12-18 years). 83.4% of the patients were residents of the city, and 52.8% were married. Self-employee had the highest frequency with 52.8%. 70.6% of the patients had alcohol abuse, and 49.7% of the patients had a history of smoking. In 96% of patients, the alcohol abuse was ethanol and in 4% of patients, it was methanol. 95.1% of the studied patients had symptoms of poisoning. 47% of patients had decreased level of consciousness. 58.9% of patients experienced nausea and vomiting. The majority of patients (96.7%) did not need dialysis. Studies showed that 95.5% of patients fully recovered.

 Alcohol consumption is increasing in all different age groups, genders and social classes in Guilan province, but this rate has been higher in men and young people than in others, as well as lower educational levels, family income, unemployed, and lower social status can be considered as main factors that result in a higher risk of alcohol abuse.

It is proposed that family structure influences adolescent alcohol use; however, the findings are mixed, and no systematic review has been conducted to summarize the evidence.

We aimed to identify the association between family structures and adolescent alcohol consumption through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until June 2017 for observational studies, which examined the relationship between family structure and adolescent alcohol use. A random-effects model was used to derive the overall odds ratio (OR) for the likelihood of alcohol use in different non-intact families compared with intact families (adolescents growing up with both biological parents).

Fifty-seven articles met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 29 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in alcohol use among adolescents with non-intact families (OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.36) compared with adolescents with intact families in which both biological parents were present. Living with one biological parent, living in a divorced family, loss of parents, and other types of the non-intact family also significantly increased the odds of alcohol use in adolescents (P < 0.05).

All types of the non-intact family were linked to adolescents' alcohol use. The family structure could have an essential role in reducing high-risk behaviors, including alcohol use and its consequences in adolescents.

Harmful use of alcohol has led to 1.7 million deaths from noncommunicable diseases and 1 million injury deaths including road traffic accidents, self‑harm, and interpersonal violence. The opportunistic screening can be used to screen for substance abuse in outpatient department (OPD) attendees of primary health‑care (PHC) settings in India.

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of willingness to quit alcohol use among alcohol users and factors associated with it. SUBJECTS AND

A facility‑based cross‑sectional study was conducted in urban PHCs and willingness to quit alcohol was assessed among the alcohol users. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scale was used to assess the alcohol use disorder score. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using STATA version 14.

It is found that two‑third of the male OPD patients are using alcohol and 59% of the alcohol users were willing to quit alcohol. Education (adjusted prevalence rate ratio [aPR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.9), occupation (aPR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.8), higher AUDIT scores (aPR = 2.7; 95% CI: 2.2–3.5), frequency of alcohol use (aPR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.0), and positive family history of alcohol‑related illness times (aPR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3–2.0) were significantly associated with willingness to quit alcohol.

Two‑third of the male OPD patients are using alcohol and 59% of the alcohol users were willing to quit alcohol. Education, occupation, higher AUDIT scores, frequency of alcohol use, and positive family history of alcohol‑related illness were significantly associated with willingness to quit alcohol.

Drug addiction is known as one of the health, medical and social problems of the present century. Beyond the harmful physical and mental consequences for addicts, drug abuse can cause serious social problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug and alcohol abuse in individuals aged 15 yr and over in Iran in 2015.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on individuals aged 15 yr and older who lived in urban and rural areas of Iran. Overall, 36,600 individuals were selected by systematic and cluster random sampling. The postal code was used to access the samples in 31 provinces of Iran. In each province 1200 individuals (50% men, 50% women) were evaluated. The used instrument was the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The results showed 4.6% of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4% used Cannabis, 0.4% used Amphetamine stimulants, 6.1% used Sedative drugs, and 2.6% used Alcoholic beverages on a regular basis. Within the last 12 months, 3.9% of individuals used Opium and its derivatives, 0.4% used Cannabis, 0.3% used Amphetamine stimulants, 5.8% used Sedative drugs, and 1.9% used Alcoholic beverages. With the exception of Sedatives drugs men used more drugs than women and residents of rural areas used more opium and its derivatives than other groups of drugs. Based on the provincial distribution, Kerman and Qom used the highest and lowest prevalence percentage of Opium and its derivatives respectively.

Overall, 2340000 individuals were addicts used Opium and its derivatives in 2015, therefore, medical and health officials should take all necessary measures to deal with these serious social problems.