جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « allium sativum » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Garlic, scientifically known as Allium sativum, has been a revered traditional medicine for millennia, rich in diverse phytochemicals with various medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, pain killer, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and wound-healing properties. Its remarkable therapeutic potential makes garlic a beneficial natural treatment for many health issues.

This research examined the neuroprotective effects of garlic against Malathion (Mal)-associated Parkinson's-like behavioral symptoms in rats.

Animals were categorized into eight groups at random: (1) saline-treated group (control); (2) Mal group (100 mg kg⁻¹); (3) Mal + garlic (50 mg kg⁻¹); (4) Mal + garlic (100 mg kg⁻¹); (5) Mal + garlic (150 mg kg⁻¹); (6) Mal + L-DOPA (10 mg kg⁻¹); (7) garlic (150 mg kg⁻¹); and (8) polyethylene glycol (PEG) group (L-DOPA vehicle). Treatment lasted 28 days, followed by behavioral assessments and analyses of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, antioxidants levels, and proinflammatory cytokines in the striatum.

Mal exposure caused neurobehavioral toxicity with increased MDA, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), alongside decreased GSH concentration and AChE activity. Garlic treatment successfully mitigated these effects.

The findings suggest that garlic may have a favorable impact in treating Parkinson's disease by enhancing antioxidant levels and mitigating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, countering the harmful effects of pesticides like Mal. Additional studies necessary to thoroughly explore garlic's protective benefits in this area.

Metabolic syndrome is multifaceted health condition associated with metabolism, which leads to the accumulation of oxidation products and impairment of the antioxidant system. Medicinal, edible plant alternatives are being sought to prevent the predisposing factors of metabolic syndrome, one of which is obesity. We studied the effects of hydroethanolic garlic extract (HGE) on oxidative stress, lipolysis, and glycogenesis in high-fat diet-fed Drosophila melanogaster.

The HGE was processed and antioxidant assays (in vitro and in vivo) coupled with metabolic biomarkers were assayed following standard procedures.

HGE inhibited ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydroxyl, and hydrogen peroxide radicals in high-fat-fed D. melanogaster. The HGE also reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and increased catalase activity significantly. The HGE promoted lipolysis and glycogenesis by reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, and total sugar concentrations while glycogen content was increased.

Our results revealed that HGE improved the antioxidant defense system and promoted lipolysis and glycogenesis in metabolic deranged D. melanogaster. This suggests the therapeutic usefulness of garlic in the management of metabolic diseases.

Bioactive compounds from plants have potential antimicrobial activity. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of curcumin, allicin, gingerol and cinnamon compared to 4% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis and its biofilm.

The dry herbal compounds were diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test, time kill study, and biofilm susceptibility assay. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was determined using agar diffusion test on Muller Hinton (MH) agar plates. MIC was evaluated using the tube dilution method. Root canals of extracted human anterior teeth were instrumented, split into two halves, autoclaved, and incubated with brain heart infusion broth containing E. faecalis for 21 days to form a biofilm. The susceptibility of the biofilm to the test solutions was evaluated by counting bacterial colonies on MH agar.

NaOCl exhibited potent antimicrobial activity under all tested parameters. Allicin showed a significantly greater ZOI, while curcumin showed the least MIC among the tested herbal extracts (P < 0.05). MBC varied widely among the groups with no significant difference between allicin and cinnamon (P > 0.05). Gingerol and cinnamon were significantly superior to the other groups killing E. faecalis within 4-4.2 min (P < 0.05). Curcumin, gingerol, and cinnamon were equally efficacious as NaOCl in completely eradicating E. faecalis biofilm (P > 0.05).

NaOCl emerged as the most efficacious antibacterial agent and all herbal extracts showed significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis.

In Thailand, garlic and turmeric have been used widely as basic spices in Thai food and traditional medicine. Previous studies reported that both of them had antibacterial activities. A few data have shown that extracts from both herbs are type 3 secretion system (T3SS) inhibitors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate anti-T3SS in garlic and turmeric extracts and identify their specific mechanisms.

Salmonella Typhimurium containing chromosomally infusion between the gene encoding SipA effector protein and strep-tag epitope was used for the determination of anti-T3SS in garlic and turmeric extracts. The mechanism of inhibition was identified by the determination of mRNA expression of T3SS genes with semiquantitative RT-PCR.

Garlic and turmeric extracts contained T3SS inhibitory activity at the concentrations of 100 μg/mL and 75 μg/mL, respectively. These extracts reduced the ability of bacterial invasion into epithelial cell cultures. However, the effective dose of both extracts did not affect bacterial growth or toxic effects on HeLa cells. Moreover, the results from RNA transcriptional levels illustrated that these extracts suppressed the transcription of the T3SS regulation genes.

It may conclude that garlic and turmeric extracts blocked T3S activity for the secretion of effector proteins and bacterial invasion by interfering the expression of the T3SS regulatory cascade. Therefore, the extracts from garlic and turmeric might be potential sources for the development of new anti-T3SS therapeutic agents.

Microbial infections and the resistance to antibacterial drugs are on the rise, and scientists are in search of the safest and most effective approach to overcome them. Medicinal plants are potentially effective against many microorganisms. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of the extracts of Allium sativum and Myrtus communis against bacteria that cause nosocomial infections.

A. Sativum and M. communis were collected from the northern regions of Iran during the spring. After preparing the hydroalcoholic extracts of A. sativum and M. communis, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC & MBC) were determined. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was asseyed in normal cells and Hu02 fibroblast cell line.

The MIC and MBC of A. sativum (62.5 mg/ml) against Salmonella enterica were similar. Also, the MIC of A. sativum and M. communis against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were similar (62.5 & 15.6 mg/ml), respectively. The viability percentage of skin fibroblasts after treatment for 48 hours with the extract of A. sativum was significantly higher than that of M. communis.

Both extracts from A. sativum and M. communis demonstrated good antimicrobial properties. Based on the results, the safe antibacterial potential of the extracts may be used as alternative agents to fight against nosocomial bacterial infections.

Trypanosomes cause the parasitic condition, which is transmitted by tsetse fly. The disease is characterized by intermittent fever, anemia, and frequent diarrhea. This study examined antioxidant and anti-trypanosomal effects of the aqueous extract of garlic in mice.

The extract’s phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity were performed based on standard methods. The acute toxicity was evaluated via Lorke’s method and the anti-trypanosomal effect was evaluated in mice at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg over 16 days. 

The screening identified phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins. Phenols were present at the highest amount (291.88±6.12 mg/100g) and alkaloids were present the least (13.66±0.03 mg/100g). At 100 µg/mL, the extract quenched 53.20% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 12.44 µg/mL. The lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be >5000 mg/kg in mice. The extract exhibited high anti-trypanosomal activity at 500 mg/kg and lowered the parasitemia count of 9.7±1.15. This was comparable to the diminazene aceturate activity at 5 mg/kg. The extract at 500 mg/kg significantly increased the packed cell volume and bodyweight of the infected mice. There were no significant differences in many hematological indices comparing the control mice to those that received the extract at 500 mg/kg.

The garlic extract had a significant anti-trypanosomes effect and ameliorated the anemic condition induced by infection with trypanosomes. Therefore, the extract may become a therapeutic candidate for the management of trypanosomal infections.

Context: 

The whole universe is facing a coronavirus catastrophe, and prompt treatment for the health crisis is primarily significant. The primary way to improve health conditions in this battle is to boost our immunity and alter our diet patterns. A common bulb veggie used to flavor cuisine is garlic. Compounds in the plant that are physiologically active are present, contributing to its pharmacological characteristics. Among several food items with nutritional value and immunity improvement, garlic stood predominant and more resourceful natural antibiotic with a broad spectrum of antiviral potency against diverse viruses. However, earlier reports have depicted its efficacy in the treatment of a variety of viral illnesses. Nonetheless, there is no information on its antiviral activities and underlying molecular mechanisms.

 The bioactive compounds in garlic include organosulfur (allicin and alliin) and flavonoid (quercetin) compounds. These compounds have shown immunomodulatory effects and inhibited attachment of coronavirus to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. Further, we have discussed the contradictory impacts of garlic used as a preventive measure against the novel coronavirus.

 The GC/MS analysis revealed 18 active chemicals, including 17 organosulfur compounds in garlic. Using the molecular docking technique, we report for the first time the inhibitory effect of the under-consideration compounds on the host receptor ACE2 protein in the human body, providing a crucial foundation for understanding individual compound coronavirus resistance on the main protease protein of SARS-CoV-2. Allyl disulfide and allyl trisulfide, which make up the majority of the compounds in garlic, exhibit the most potent activity.

 Conventional medicine has proven its efficiency from ancient times. Currently, our article's prime spotlight was on the activity of Allium sativum on the relegation of viral load and further highlighted artificial intelligence technology to study the attachment of the allicin compound to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor to reveal its efficacy.

 The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered interest among researchers to conduct future research on molecular docking with clinical trials before releasing salutary remedies against the deadly malady.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is known as a common biomaterial for pulpotomy of primary molars, with limitation including high cost, difficult handling, and long setting time. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and radiographic success rate of Allium sativum oil and MTA in pulpotomy of primary molar teeth.

This randomized, controlled, clinical trial was performed on a group of children with at least two symptom‑free primary molars requiring pulpotomy. A total of 90 teeth were randomly assigned into two groups: After pulp amputation and hemostasis, Group I received MTA as medication in the pulp chamber and Group II received Allium sativum oil over the pulp stumps. Pulp chamber was then filled with reinforced ZOE paste (zinc oxide eugenol) and teeth were restored using stainless steel crowns. The follow‑up scheme of 6, 12, and 18 months was set, and teeth evaluation was conducted by a calibrated pediatric dentist based on the modified criteria proposed by Zurn and Seale. The results were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation analysis with the P = 0.05 as the level of significance.

The clinical success rate was 100% in both groups after all follow‑ups. The radiographic success rate was, however, 91.1% after 6.75. 6% after 12 and 18 months in Group II while it was 95.6% after 6, 91.1% after 12 and 18 months in Group I in those follow‑up points. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.

According to the results, Allium sativum oil has a high clinical and radiographic success rate comparable to those of MTA.

Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteriaceae and the Mycobacterium family, including important pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (i.e., the cause of tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium leprae (i.e., the cause of leprosy). Tuberculosis is still a major cause of death in human societies.

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of garlic on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in Zabol, Iran, and investigate the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Garlic (Allium sativum) was collected from Zabol, and the ethanolic extract of garlic leaf was obtained. In this study, 50 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were obtained from the patients in Zabol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Some antibiotics, such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, amikacin, streptomycin, and rifampicin, were used for positive control. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted by the sodium dodecyl sulfate method. Furthermore, the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes, namely KatG, PncA, embC, embA1, embA2, embB1, embB2, rrs, rpsL, and ropB, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated using polymerase chain reaction.

The lowest MIC and MBC of garlic ethanolic extract against Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 3.25 and 7.5 ppm, respectively. The highest MIC and MBC were 60 and 120 ppm, respectively. Following the investigation of the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it was determined that it contains KatG, PncA, embC, embA1, embA2, ropB, rpsL, rrs, embB2, and embB1 genes. The highest resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was against rifampin (81%) and then amikacin (76.6%) belonging to ropB and rrs genes, respectively.

The results of the present study showed that the ethanolic extract of garlic was very effective in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the most effective genes in mycobacteria were ropB and rrs. Although garlic is very effective in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is not recommended to directly use the results of this study. Therefore, it is required to perform clinical trials to confirm the results.

Previous clinical trials have suggested that herbal medicines can improve the quality of life (QOL) and survival of cancer patients. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal compound (PHC, formulated as syrup) consisting of Allium sativum, Curcuma longa,Panax ginseng, and Camellia sinensis on the quality of life (QOL) and survival in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers.

A randomized placebo-controlled trial was carried out on patients with esophageal or gastric cancer who had finished their oncological treatments. The patients were randomly assigned to PHC (n=20) or placebo (n=20) group. The PHC group was treated with the PHC for 12 weeks, while the placebo group received 70% sucrose syrup. The QOL was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. The patients were followed for up to 24 months to determine overall survival.

PHC significantly improved cancer-related symptoms, physical performance, and psychological and social functions of the patients (p<0.05 for all cases). Death occurred in 33 and 22% of cases in the placebo and PHC group, respectively. The mean survival time was 16.8 months (95% CI: 12.8-20.9) in the placebo group and 21.4 months (95% CI: 19.1-23.6) in the PHC group but the difference was not statistically significant.

The PHC improved cancer-related symptoms, physical performance, and psychological and social functions in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. It seems that this herbal compound has the potential to be used as a supplement in the management of cancer.

Garlic is present in the diet of most people around the world. Its use as a medicinal plant has been considered since ancient times and has been mentioned in documents obtained from the Egyptians, Greeks, Indians, and ancient Chinese. Garlic is generally known as a plant with antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-thrombotic, analgesic, anti-asthmatic, antipyretic, anti-hypertensive, anti-coagulant, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties; many of these properties have been proven by scientific research. The present study reviews the original articles published between 2000 and 2020, which investigated the role of garlic and its active ingredients in the treatment of oral diseases. The reviewed studies were often preliminary but their results reveal that garlic has potential therapeutic effects on oral diseases. These studies have provided promising results that advocate the addition of this plant or its compounds to dental health products. However, more detailed clinical and preclinical studies (at cellular and molecular levels) are needed to clarify the mechanism of action of garlic and its active ingredients, such as allicin.

Cervical cancer is one of the major reasons of cancer-related mortality. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection, which can lead to cervical cancer. There is no powerful chemotherapeutic agent for HPV infection and cervical cancer. Some plants have the proper potential to be used for treatment of cervical cancer caused by HPV type 18.

In this study, cytotoxic effect of extract of four indigenous Iranian plants including Rosa damascene mill, Allium sativum, Allium hirtifolium boiss and Prosopis farcta were investigated on the HeLa cell line. HeLa cells were incubated with different concentrations of extracts and then the cell viability was measured by MTT assay.

The viable cell numbers were decreased by increase of the extracts concentration. The Allium sativum showed the higher cytotoxicity in all concentrations than the other ones. Afterwards, Allium hirtifolium Boiss, Rosa damascene mill, and Prosopis farcta showed maximum efficiency to decrease cell viability, respectively.

The above four mentioned plants might be used for death of HeLa cell harboring HPV type 18. Therefore, they could be employed as a chemotherapeutic agent in the cervical cancer treatment in future.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) oil has been introduced in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) as an effective topical agent for urine dribbling. Additionally, the beneficial effects of garlic on prostatic proliferation have been revealed in recent studies. The purpose of this research was formulation of a topical ointment using garlic oil proposed by ITM and quality control of the product.

Garlic oil was prepared according to ITM instructions and analysed using GC/MS method. In order to formulate garlic ointment, several experimental formulations were examined. Microbial tests as well as physical assessments including thermal stability evaluation and study of rheological behaviour were performed on the final product.

GC/MS analysis of garlic oil showed the presence of dialyl trisulfide, one of the major organo-sulfur components of garlic. The herbal ointment containing garlic oil (70%), white petrolatum (23.7%) and white beeswax (6%), showed suitable physical properties as well as plastic tixotropic behaviour and was free of any microbial contamination.

Regarding the modern evidences about the beneficial effects of garlic and its sulphur compounds on improvement of BPH and prevention of prostate cancer, garlic ointment could be an appropriate candidate for studies in the field of prostate related diseases with respect to its traditional use in ITM.

An area of increasing demands, these years, is the fabrication of antimicrobial and antioxidant edible materials used for monitoring food-related bacterial illnesses mostly responsible for the contamination of raw foodstuffs. The goal of this work was to use the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) enriched with garlic extract to control Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) in fresh sheep meat over chilled temperature condition for one week.  The obtained minced meat were divided into 100 g portions, inoculated with 7 log CFU/g SAandLM, aseptically packed in designated PVP containing garlic extract at concentrations of 0, 0.25 and 0.5%, and transferred into the sterile polyethylene bag. All samples were stored at refrigerated temperature for one week.  Based on our findings, the PVP enriched with garlic extract (0.25 and 0.5%) could decrease the counts of LM and SAup to 2.30-2.82 and 2.51-1.36 log CFU/g, respectively (P < 0.05).  The findings of the current work indicated that PVP containing garlic extract at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5% had inhibitory effects againstLM and SAin raw sheep meat.

Fertility in men mainly depends on the number, quality, motility, and morphology of the sperms, and disruption of each of these factors leads to infertility. A large number of couples suffer from infertility problems. Among the various therapies, medicinal herbs are used in many countries to treat male infertility. Current systematic review was conducted to study the effects of garlic on male fertility. The information of this systematic review was collected by searching the key words: treatment, fertility, infertility, male, herbal medicine, garlic, Allium sativum, medicinal plant, sperm, sex hormones, testis and spermatogenesis in international databases such as: Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus and Embase until March 2018. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews and meta- analysis. and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used for qualitative assessment. A total of 18 experimental studies were included in the study. Thirteen studies evaluated garlic and 5 studies compared garlic effect with adriamycin, titanium dioxide, furan, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine and cadmium. All studies were conducted in in vivo condition. The results of the studies indicated the potential effect of garlic on enhancing fertility and spermatogenesis, increasing the level of testosterone and improving the testicular structure. Garlic can increase fertility probably due to its antioxidant properties. However, more clinical trials are recommended.

Allium ascalonicum is a part of the diet of many populations of the world due to their long-held beliefs. A. ascalonicum extracts have been reported have antibacterial properties and prevent cancer cell proliferation. This study was conducted for the purpse of evaluating the anticancer and antibacterial activity of a flavonoid fraction isolated from A. ascalonicum bulbs. The HeLa and HUVEC cells were used as target cell line and some gram negative and positive bacteria were also targeted for antimicrobial activity. The A. ascalonicum plant was collected from the Zagros Mountains in the north of Dezful city- Iran, in September 2016 and confirmed by School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. The water extract of bulbs of this plant was extracted and the flavonoid fraction was isolated from aquous extract by ethyl acetate. The antibacterial and anticancer effects of isolated falavonoid were determined using MIC and MTT respectively. The best antibacterial effect of falvonoid extracted from A.ascalonicum was found against C. diphtheria. Furthermore, gentamicin resistant P.aeruginosa was the most resistant pathogenic bacterium. The MTT method showed that this fraction had a concentration-dependent anti-proliferative activity on HeLa cell lines and there was no cytotoxic effect against HUVEC cells. The inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values of the A. ascalonicum extract for Hela cell was 3 mg/mL but the treatment of HUVECs with the A. ascalonicum showed no considerable effect. The flavonoid fraction of A.ascalonicum bulbs had remarkable antibacterial and anticancer properties. Therefore, it could be used as an antibacterial and anticancer agent for control of cancers and infectious diseases.

One of the major clinical problems is the resistance of Candida speciestowards most of antifungals. The search for new antifungal drug from plants have helped to overcome this problem. This study evaluated the effects of Allium hirtifolium and Allium sativumextracts on Candida tropicalis both in vitro and in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis.
In this study, clinical isolates of C. tropicalis were isolated and identified from immunocompromised patients with recurrent candidiasis. Antifungal susceptibilities assessment and time kill study of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. hirtifolium and A. sativumextracts were done against C. tropicalis. The in vivo activity of aqueous extracts of A. hirtifolium and A. sativumwere evaluated in a mouse model of systemiccandidiasis caused by C. tropicalis through estimating the host survival time, fungal burden and histopathologic analyses.
The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. hirtifolium and A. sativum exhibited significant antifungal activity against C. tropicalis. In time kill study, A. hirtifolium and A. sativum extracts exhibited significant effects against C. tropicalis (p These findings demonstrate the anticandidal properties of A. hirtifolium and A. sativumextracts in vitro and in vivo and suggest their potential to be used as an adjuvant therapy in the management of Candida infections.

Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium which can cause life-threatening infections in humans. E. faecalis has been frequently found in root canal-treated teeth and is resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial agents. Nowadays modern medicine recognizes herbalism as a form of alternative medicine. Tribulus terrestris, Allium sativum, Salvia officinalis and Allium hirtifolium Boiss are commonly found in Iran and used as antimicrobial agents in folklore medicine.
In this study, antimicrobial activities of aqueous extracts of some plants were examined in vitro against E. faecalis.
Antibacterial activities of the extracts of T. terrestris, A. sativum, S. officinalis and A. hirtifolium Boiss were examined using disc and well diffusion methods, and the19 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aqueous extracts were determined against E. faecalis using agar and broth dilution methods.
The obtained results showed that the extract of A. hirtifolium Boiss inhibited the growth of E. faecalis (MIC of 10 mg/mL). Other plants had no effect on the target bacterium.
According to the best effect of A. hirtifolium extract on E. faecalis and stability of this extract in thermal condition, we may purify this extract and use it for treatment of infections.