جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « alloxan » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Hirudotherapy is very common in traditional Iranian medicine for treating various diseases, including hyperglycemia. However, there is no scientific research to evaluate its effect on diabetes mellitus and the possible side effects.

This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical and histopathological changes in healthy and diabetic male rats treated with leeches.

This experimental study was performed on 28 male Albino Wistar rats randomly divided into control, diabetic, and two treatment groups (control and diabetic rats treated with Hirudo medicinalis). Hirudotherapy was done in 3 to 5 minutes every 5 days for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the study, blood glucose, biochemical activity of the liver, kidney, and serum lipid enzymes were evaluated by enzymatic methods. Pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues were studied in the experimental groups.

The levels of blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (Cr), urea, and phosphorus significantly increased in diabetic rats treated with leeches compared to the control group (P <0.05). In addition, liver tissue changes, such as hyperemia, degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, andfibrous tissue formation in the portal area, were observed in diabetic rats treated with leeches. Furthermore, renal tissue changes, including renal tubular degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells between renal tubules, were also observed in these rats.

Leech therapy is not beneficial for alloxan-induced diabetic rats and furthermaycause hepatotoxicity and acute renal failure.

Boswellia dalzielli Hutch. (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant, which is used locally by the local dwellers for the management and treatment of microbial-related diseases, neurological conditions, stomach spasms, diabetes, etc. 

This study aimed at isolating a phytochemical of anti-diabetic potentials from the leaf of Boswellia dalzielii in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 

The n-butanol fraction of the leaf of B. dalzielii was fractionated using column chromatography. Fractions obtained were screened phytochemically and by antidiabetic study. 

Encoded column fraction B4 (150 mg/kg) produced a maximum reduction (72.45%) in fasting blood glucose (FBG) of animals after 7 hours, which was significantly (P<0.05) different from the controls (alloxan-induced diabetic rats) and was better than glibenclamide (52.67%). The re-column fractions obtained from fraction B4 were pooled based on similar Rf values and encoded B41-B48, and subjected to further antidiabetic evaluation on alloxan-induced mice. Eight sub-fraction with doses of 50 mg/kg each were administered to all the groups. Fraction B44 had the highest reduction of FBG by 65.63%, whose effect was significantly higher than the non-treated diabetic mice (negative control) and glibenclamide (52.68%) at 2.0 mg. Further purification of sub-fraction B44 with Sephadex LH-20 yielded encoded fractions A, B, and C. Isolate C showed the highest inhibition of glycemia (22.85%) when the dose of 10 mg/kg was administered (p.o). 

The antidiabetic effect of the plant in laboratory animals (rats and mice) may be due to the presence of the isolated phenolic compounds.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of zinc sulfate on blood biochemical and hematological parameters in healthy control and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 

Experimentally, 40 rats were used in four equal groups, including healthy control, healthy feed with zinc sulfate, diabetic control, and zinc sulfate. The alloxan 120 mg/kg with blood sugar over 140-250 mg / dL was intraperitoneally injected to induce diabetes mellitus. In addition, the value of 0.6 g / L zinc sulfate dissolved in tap water was used for three months to be drunk by the treated group. All animals were killed, and blood and pancreas samples were collected for necessary tests. Serum levels of alpha-amylase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were measured. Statistical data were analyzed based on the analysis of variance using SPSS software.

Our data showed that in the diabetic control group, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL increased significantly and hemoglobin, hematocrit, and HDL decreased significantly compared to the healthy control (P< 0.05). Zinc sulfate consumption in these groups reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and increases hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to the control groups. Microscopic examination of the pancreas showed that in the diabetic control group, the percentage of Beta cells was reduced compared to the other groups.

Our findings reveal that dietary zinc sulfate not only exerts no damage to bodies but also zinc sulfate as food supplement seems to have beneficial effects on biochemical and hematological parameters in diabetic and healthy animals.
 
Keywords: Alloxan, Zinc Supplementation, Biochemical parameters, Diabetic mellitus

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is a widely found plant in India as well as in South Asia. For more than several centuries, it is being widely used for its medicinal properties.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with methanolic leaf extracts of A. marmelos.

Six treatment groups (namely control, diseased, standard (glimepiride), low dose (100mg/kg), medium dose (250mg/kg), and high dose (500mg/kg) of methanolic leaf extracts were used in the study. The biochemical effects were evaluated by the determination of albumin-to-globulin ratio (A/G ratio), albumin, amylase, bilirubin, blood urea, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, direct bilirubin, globulin, glucose-6-phosphate, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homocysteine, indirect bilirubin, inorganic phosphate, lipase, mean blood glucose, serum uric acid, and vitamin D3.

No significant changes were observed in A/G ratio among the treatment groups when compared with the diseased and control treatment groups. Low- and medium-dose-treated animals showed a significant change in albumin, bilirubin, calcium, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, globulin, glucose-6-phosphate, homocysteine, inorganic phosphate, lipase, and vitamin D3 levels when compared with standard treatment group as well as diseased group. Low-dose treatment group animals showed a significant increase in amylase and mean blood glucose levels than the diseased treatment groups, whereas low-dose treatment group animals showed a significant decrease in HbA1c levels than the diseased treatment groups.

Through the biochemical changes, it is evident that the low and medium dose of methanolic leaf extract of A. marmelos can be used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

Medicinal plants provide better and cheaper alternative therapy for management of several diseases compared to orthodox medicines. This study evaluated the effects of feed formulated with Ficus ottoniifolia (Miq.) Miq. (FFFO) leaves in the management of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in rats.

DM was induced in overnight-fasted rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally. DM rats in Groups 1−3 were fed with graded FFFO while group 4 (diabetic control) and group 5 (normal control) were fed with commercial feeds (Vital-Feeds), daily for 21 days. Changes in body weight and some biochemical parameters were thereafter determined.

Results showed significant decreases (p <0.05) in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) but significant increases (p <0.05) in blood glucose, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in DM-induced rats compared to the normal control group. Feeding with FFFO significantly increased (p <0.05) the body weight and HDL, decreased the blood glucose, serum LDL, TG and TC and attenuated ALT activities in FFFO-fed DM rats compared to the diabetic control group.

This study revealed that FFFO-diet may mitigate hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and liver-damage associated with DM.

The antioxidant capacity of Artocarpus altilis leaf extract may offer protection against stress oxidativeinduced damage to pancreatic cells. This study aimed to examine the effect of Artocarpus leaf extract on pancreatic islets structure, blood glucose (BG), and insulin serum levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats with an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (155mg/kg). Rats’ BG levels were measured daily. Only rats with BG >250mg/dL (n = 25) proceeded to receive different treatments: placebo, Artocarpus leaf extract at the dose of 100, 200, or 400mg/kg, or insulin 6 IU/200g. All treatments were administered daily for 14 days before blood and pancreatic tissue samples were collected. Five healthy rats (n = 5) were included to serve as normal controls. The result shows that alloxan-induced atrophy of pancreatic islets and Artocarpus leaf extract administration at all given doses reduced the severity of pancreatic islet’s atrophy. However, only at 400mg/kg dose, Artocarpus leaf extract significantly reduced rats’ BG level (P < 0.05), similar to that of insulin-treated rats. Artocarpus leaf extract, especially at 100 and 400mg/kg doses, also improved insulin serum levels compared with placebo treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Artocarpus leaf extract protected rats’ pancreatic islets against alloxan-induced damage. This protection could improve the BG and insulin serum levels in Artocarpus-treated rats.

Ocimum gratissimumis an aromatic plants used among traditional medicine practitioners in the treatment of warts, diarrhoea, headache, diabetes etc. This study aimed at evaluating the anti-diabetic and toxicity profile of aqueous leaf extract of the plant in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Experimental: 

Thirty albino rats (111.33 ±1.50g) were grouped into six (A-F) groups of animals. Group A received 0.5 ml distilled water (p.o) for eight days. Diabetes was induced in group B-F animals using 160 mg/kg alloxan (i.p ) and thereafter administered 2.5 metformin, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg aqueous leaves extract of Ocimum gratissimum, respectively (p.o) for 8 consecutive days. Blood sugar level was taken 1 h after drug administration every other day. Body weights of animals were taken before induction, after induction, and on the 8th day. Blood samples and organs (liver, kidney, and pancreas) were collected for biochemical assays and histopathological examinations.

Alloxan significantly (p <0.05) increased the glucose, albumin, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of rats compared with the distilled water group. The aqueous leaves extract of Ocimum gratissimum significantly (p <0.05) reduced the glucose, albumin, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, ALP, AST and ALT levels compared with the diabetic untreated rats. There were no significant histological changes in the liver, pancreas and kidneys of diabetic treated rats compared with diabetic untreated rats which exhibited moderately distorted organ degeneration.

Recommended applications/industries: 

Aqueous leaves extract of Ocimum gratissimum possesses anti-hyperglycemic effects and is relatively safe for use in the treatment of diabetics.

The plant Momordica charantia is highly valuable having a wide range of medicinal uses with tropical and subtropical regions distribution. This study was conducted to appraise the medicative properties of methanol leaf extract of Momordica charantia (MEMC) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

The antidiabetic influence of methanol leaf extract of Momordica charantia (MEMC) was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. 50 rats allocated into five groups (A-E) (n =10) were utilized in this study: group A was normal control, groups B to E were induced with alloxan with diabetes established, while group B was not treated, group C received glibenclamide treatment while groups D and E were administered extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively, in a study that continued for 28 days. Changes in blood glucose levels, body weight, haematology, serum chemistry, antioxidant system and histopathology changes were evaluated.

MEMC elicited significant drop in blood glucose level from diabetic to near normal level, restoring the body weight, haematological and serum biochemical parameters to the basal non diabetic level; likewise the MEMC-treated group elicited a decreased level of oxidant markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but increased concentration of protein thiols (PT), non-protein thiols (NPT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) indicating its anti-oxidant potential. The pancreas section also revealed repair of distorted pancreatic architecture in MEMC-treated group compared to diabetic group.

The plant exhibited anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant abilities hence could be explored for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

In this study, the hypoglycemic effects and the safety of Cissus modeccoides (CM) were assessed on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Various concentrations of CM hot aqueous extract were orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats for 30 days. Blood glucose level, hematological and biochemical parameters, and gene expression level were evaluated.

After CM treatment, diabetic rats presented nonreduced blood glucose level and unimproved body weight. Increased blood urea nitrogen was observed in CM-treated groups as well. Although hematological parameters and cholesterol level revealed nonsignificant effects from CM, decreased expression levels of the insulin receptor in the pancreas and insulin receptor substrate 2 and glucose transporter 2 in the liver were demonstrated in CM-treated groups. Nephrin in the kidney of CM groups was highly expressed.

The results of this study revealed adverse effects and toxicity of CM extracts in diabetic rats.