جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « aluminum chloride » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by gradual cognitive impairment, including loss of synapses and nerve cells involved in learning, memory, and habit formation processes. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells. Because of their self-renewable, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capabilities, they are commonly used to treat many disorders. Hence, the current study intends to examine the effect of BM-MSCs transplantation on Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced cognitive problems, an experimental model resembling AD’s hallmarks in rats. The study was conducted in 2022 at The Biomedical Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia. Adult male Wistar rats (three groups: negative control; no intervention+treatment with PBS; positive control: AlCl3+treatment with aqua dest; AlCl3+BM-MSCs: AlCl3+treatment with BM-MSCs, n=5 each) were treated daily with AlCl3 orally for five days. Stem cells were intraperitoneally injected into rats at a dose of 1x106 cells/rat. The same quantity of phosphate-buffered saline was given to the control group. One month after stem cell injection, the rat brain tissue was removed and placed in the film bottles that had been created. The expression of neural progenitor cell markers, including nestin and sex-determining Y-box 2 (SOX-2), was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rats’ cognitive and functional memory were examined using Y-maze. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26.0) with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The gene expression of nestin (29.74±0.42), SOX-2 (31.44±0.67), and percent alternation of Y-maze (67.04±2.28) increased in the AlCl3+BM-MSCs group compared to that in the positive control group. RT-PCR analysis indicated that nestin (P<0.001) and SOX-2 (P<0.001) were significantly enhanced in the AlCl3+BM-MSCs group compared to the positive control group. This group also indicated an increased percent alternation of Y-maze (P<0.001) in the AlCl3+BM-MSCs group compared to the positive control group.  Due to its potential effects on cell therapy, BM-MSCs were found effective in a rat model of AD on the impairment of the rats’ behavior and increased expression of neural progenitor cell markers.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the ability to self-renew and proliferate which gives them healing properties in various tissues. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is a chemical compound with harmful effects on health; oxidative stress caused by Aluminium has been reported previously. Crocin, a major component of Crocus sativus (saffron), has antioxidant properties and has shown therapeutic potential. Researchers have been looking for ways to reduce the harmful effects of AlCl3.

To investigate whether crocin can reduce AlCl3 cytotoxicity, rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) were isolated, cultured and divided into four experimental groups. The first group was the control, which was untreated cells. The second and third groups were treated with crocin (50, 100, 250, 500 μM) and AlCl3 (20, 25, 30 mM) for 24 hr. The fourth group was pre-treated with crocin (250, 500 μM) for 24 hr and then treated with AlCl3 (20 mM) overnight. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Mineralization was evaluated by alizarin red staining. Sox-2 and Ecadherin expression were measured using real-time PCR.

The results showed that AlCl3 caused cytotoxicity on BM-MSCs and decreased the mRNA expression of Sox-2 and E-cadherin, which are important for the maintenance of self-renewal and proliferation of BM-MSCs. In contrast, crocin protected the self-renewal characteristic of BM-MSCs by increasing Sox-2 expression and also preserved the proliferative effects on BM-MSCs by upregulating E-cadherin expression (***p≤0.001).

Overall, the study suggests that crocin can protect BM-MSCs from AlCl3- induced cytotoxicity by upregulate Sox-2 expression and E-cadherin expression. This suggests that crocin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AlCl3- induced toxicity.

Hyperhidrosis (HH) refers to uncontrollable excessive sweating that has a significant negative impact on the quality of life.The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the long-pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser and aluminum chloride (ALCL3) 20% solution in axillary HH treatment.

In this single-center, within-patient comparison clinical trial, 12 patients with axillary HH were treated monthly for 3 to 4 consecutive sessions with the long-pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser system on one axilla, while the contralateral axilla was treated with ALCL3 20 % by the patient. Treatment response was evaluated by comparing the area of sweating at the end of each session and 6 months after treatment termination using the iodine starch test.

Both treatments led to the reduction of HH from baseline with the mean area of sweating reduced from 109.3 ± 36.6 to 38.3 ± 19.8 and from 92.5 ± 31.6 to 35.6 ± 17.1 in laser- and ALCL3-treated axilla respectively (Both P< 0.001). In the 6-month follow-up, the area of sweating was 60.6 ± 29.2 in the laser-treated armpit and 78.3 ± 23.6 in the ALCL3-treated side, which were 45% and 14.4% lower compared to the baseline respectively. Adverse events were temporary, and none caused each of the treatments to be discontinued.

The long-pulsed, 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser with hair reduction setting can stand as a potential therapeutic option for axillary HH since it is as effective as ALCL3. The therapeutic effect is superior in the long term for the laser; nevertheless, the beneficial effect of both treatments may lessen the following treatment cessation.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of aluminum exposure on humoral immunity (immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M serum levels), function enzymes, and histological alterations in the liver of rats.

Sixteen albino male rats at fifteen weeks were grouped into four groups, and administered with aluminum chloride at 35g/Kg of body weight for 8, 12 and 16 weeks, while the control group was fed with a normal diet for 16 weeks. The rats were anesthetized, blood was collected, and serum separated for estimation levels of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, alanine aminotransferase (also called transaminase) and alkaline phosphatase, then rats were sacrificed, livers isolated and divided into two parts; the first was used for micronucleus (MN) assay, and the second was subjected to histopathological examination.

There was a significant increase (p<0.01) of sera immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M amongst all treated groups compared with the control group. There was a significant elevation in alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels among all case groups as compared with the control. The results of the histopathological examination showed different alterations according to the period of aluminum chloride administration, such as decomposition and degeneration of hepatocytes, presence of fibroblast and lymphocytes infiltration with thickening wall of the blood vessel, increase kupffer cells, necrotic foci, haemosiderin in hepatocytes sinuses, congestion with polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration within central.

The aluminum chloride administration causes significant histological alteration in immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, liver tissue rates, and an increase in micronucleus frequency as well as changes in levels of liver function enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase.

To investigate the potential therapeutic effect of Bougainvillea spectabilis flower decoction on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity.  Rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of AlCl3 at 10 mg/kg for two months and were treated with B. spectabilis decoction at 50 or 100 mg/kg or saline during the 2nd month of the study. The control group received saline. Brain malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid Aβ peptide, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were determined and brain histology was done. Behavioral and neurological testing included Morris water maze (WMZ), Y maze, and wire hanging.  Compared with saline controls, AlCl3 significantly increased brain MDA and NO along with decreased GSH and PON-1 activity. It also increased AChE, IL-6, and amyloid Aβ concentrations. AlCl3 impaired motor strength and memory performance and caused brain neurodegeneration. B. spectabilis decoction given at 50 or 100 mg/kg protected against the biochemical and histopathological alterations evoked by AlCl3 by alleviating the increase in MDA and NO, and decrease in GSH and PON-1 activity.  B. spectabilis decoction showed no significant effect on AChE but markedly decreased IL-6 and amyloid Aβ in the brain of AlCl3-treated rats. It also restored memory performance and motor strength, and protected against AlCl3-induced neurodegeneration. These results suggest that B. spectabilis flower decoction might prove of value in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Inadequate removal of the hemostatic agent can adversely affect the bond strength of restorations to the tooth structure. This study aimed to assess the effect of different cleansing protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin contaminated with aluminum chloride hemostatic agent.

In this experimental study, the mid-coronal dentin of 96 premolars was exposed. They were contaminated with a hemostatic agent (ViscoStat Clear) and then randomly divided into 7 groups (n=12). One group served as the control. The groups underwent various cleaning methods as follows: water spray, aluminum oxide particles (27µ diameter), a slurry of pumice with water, GC dentin conditioner (GCDC), sodium hypochlorite 2% (SHC), and chlorhexidine 2% (CHX). Composite cylinders were then fabricated and bonded to the surfaces using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose etch-and-rinse bonding agent. After thermocycling (10,000 cycles), the SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) test, and the significance level was set at 0.05.

The SBS of the groups was significantly different (P=0.036). The SBS was the highest in the CHX and SHC groups, and the lowest SBS was related to the control group and GCDC groups. The difference between other groups was not significant (P=0.996).

CHX and SHC yielded the highest bond strength among the tested modalities for cleansing the ViscoStat Clear from the tooth surface.

With the advance in nanomedicine, the present study was conducted to explore the possible therapeutic role of intravenous nano- hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) into male rats after chronic exposure to aluminum chloride (AlCl3). This exposure interposed DNA fragmentation, apoptosis, alters oxidant/antioxidant status as well as change in content of neurotransmitters. The rats were injected with 100 mg/kg. body weight (b.w.) of AlCl3 intraperitoneally for 90 days, after then nano-HAp was injected intravenously (i.v.) three times per week at a dose level 100 mg/kg b.w.Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the treatment with the prepared nano-HAp restrains the damage inflicted on brain modulating by lipid oxidation products and decreased the susceptibility of apoptotic cells death with subsequent repaired the fragmented DNA as well as improved the synthesis of neurotransmitters. The most salient findings for nano-HAp treatment are that most of the pathological changes due to AlCl3 administration were disappeared.

Aluminum recognized as a public health concern because of its potential toxic effects on human health. Therefore, the present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of curcumin (CUR) in reducing the toxicity of aluminum chloride (AlCl3). In this experimental study, forty male Wistar rats were allocated to five groups (N = 8), viz. no treatment (control), solvent (DMSO or distilled water), CUR (10 mg/kg B.W.), AlCl3 (10 mg/kg B.W.), and CUR+AlCl3 (each with 10 mg/kg B.W.). Treatments were performed by intra-peritoneal injections for 28 days.  On the final day, animals were sacrificed, and liver function markers in blood plasma, hepatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation index in liver homogenate were estimated. AlCl3 treatment resulted in a significant increase in plasma AST, ALT, ALP and LDH activities with decreased total protein compared to control. AlCl3 significantly reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels but increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the liver compared to control. AlCl3 also caused various histopathological changes in the livers of rats. Curcumin could normalize nearly all these parameters. CUR improved levels of changes in different parameters when was combined with AlCl3. It is concluded that CUR has beneficial influences being able to antagonize AlCl3 toxicity.

Colloids are small suspended particles in water which can not be settled or removed naturally due to their light weight and stability. These particles pose some degree of stability and cause water turbidity. There are some concerns regarding colloid removal efficiency in water treatment plants of Iran. In this study, the effectiveness of aluminium sulfate and poly-aluminum chloride was evaluated at different pH values and coagulant dosage in order to find optimal operational conditions for low to high turbidity waters. The influence of lime, as a coagulant aid, on coagulation process was also studied. A set of jar test experiments was conducted to find the optimal pH and coagulant dosage. Results demonstrated that coagulation process can assure turbidity removal from low to medium turbidity waters effectively using relatively low levels of aluminium sulfate and poly-aluminum chloride (10 to 20 mg/l). Turbidity removal efficiency still remained high when the initial turbidities of water were increased to 500 and 1000 NTU. Results showed that turbidity removal is dependent on pH, coagulant dosage, as well as initial turbidity of water for both used coagulants. The highest turbidity removal efficiency was within 82.9-99.0% for alum and 93.8-99.6% for poly-aluminum chloride over the applied range of turbidity. Both applied coagulants demonstrated promising performance in turbidity removal from water; however, poly-aluminum chloride showed better performance compared to aluminium sulfate. The results of the current study can be used as a baseline data for drinking water treatment facilities which uses these two types of coagulants.

Despite all the progress in surgical science, bleeding caused by traffic accidents is still one of the challenges surgeons face in saving patients’ lives. Therefore, introducing an effective method to control external bleeding is an important research priority. This study aimed to compare the hemostatic effect of aluminum chloride versus simple suturing in controlling external bleeding. This experimental study was conducted in Kashan, Iran. In this study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups. An incision, two centimeters (cm) long and half a cm deep, was made on each rat’s shaved back skin and the hemostatic time was measured once using aluminum chloride with different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, and 50%) and then using the control method (controlling hemorrhage by simple suturing). The skin tissue was assessed for pathological changes. The hemostatic time of aluminum chloride 50%, 25%, 15%, 10% and 5% were 8.20 ± 0.919, 14.10 ± 1.37, 21.20 ± 1.31, 30.80 ± 1.68 and 42.00 ± 4.19 seconds, respectively. Also, the mean hemostasis time in the control group (suture) was 84.00 ± 4.05 seconds. The hemostatic times of different concentrations of aluminum chloride were significantly less than that of the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between every two hemostatic time. The pathologic examination showed the highest frequency of low-grade inflammation based on the defined pathological grading. The aluminum chloride method needs less time to control external hemorrhage compared to the control method (controlling external hemorrhage by simple suturing). Aluminum chloride is an effective agent in controlling external hemorrhage in an animal model.