جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « antibody response » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are very good at protecting individuals from serious illness, needing hospital care, and dying from different strains of the virus. However, vaccines might not completely prevent individuals from catching and spreading the virus, and this might depend on some personal factors.

 To find out the immune response of COVID-19 vaccines, this cross-sectional study conducted within June 2021 to May 2023 assessed different types of COVID-19 vaccine antibody responses among healthcare professionals and their associations with demographic factors and comorbidity risk factors.

 This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on recruited healthcare professionals from Sina, Imam Khomeini Complex, 501 AJA, Baqiayatallah, and Firoozgar hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The vaccines whose antibody response was investigated in this study are Sinopharm® (China), AstraZeneca® (United Kingdom), Sputnik® (Russia), and Covaxin® (India). Anti-spike, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), and anti-neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) were evaluated by commercial kits according to instructions.

 This study involved 1 029 healthcare workers who were over 18 years old. The average age was 41.48 ± 9.9 years, and 602 (58.5%) of them were male. The vaccines they received were Sputnik V (392 or 38.16%), AstraZeneca (335 or 32.61%), Baharat (45 or 4.3%), and Sinopharm (255 or 24.82%). The Covaxin and AstraZeneca vaccines increased both anti-RBD and anti-neutralizing IgG Ab levels; however, the Sinopharm vaccine increased only the latter. The Sputnik vaccine was the least effective. Gender and diabetes influenced the antibody levels, but age did not.

 This study revealed the substantial effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in generating robust antibody responses among healthcare professionals. All four vaccine types, Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, Sputnik, and Covaxin, elicited significant antibody responses in over 70% of participants, highlighting the crucial role of vaccination in building defense against COVID-19.

Dear Editor I am writing in response to the recently published study titled "Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity" (1). The article offers essential insights into the immune response engendered by COVID-19 vaccines in a vulnerable cohort. To build upon this seminal work and deepen our understanding, I offer the following brief suggestions for future research endeavours:Conduct longitudinal studies to track the long-term vaccine efficacy and the potential need for booster vaccinations in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) (2). Utilize larger and more diverse patient populations for robustness in data and to better generalize findings across the spectrum of IEI conditions (3). Compare immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccine types within the IEI population to inform vaccine strategy optimizations (4). Thank you for your consideration of these suggestions, and I commend your journal for addressing this critical aspect of the pandemic's response. References: Nourizadeh M, Feizabadi E, Mirmoghtadaei M, Mohammadi A, Fazlollahi MR, Moradi L, et al. Antibody Production after COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity. Iranian Journal of Immunology [Internet]. 2023 Dec 1;20(4):400–9 Tallantyre EC, Vickaryous N, Anderson V, Asardag AN, Baker D, Bestwick J, et al. COVID ‐19 Vaccine Response in People with Multiple Sclerosis. Annals of Neurology. 2021 Nov 17;91(1):89–100. Mohamed Khosroshahi L, Rokni M, Mokhtari T, Noorbakhsh F. Immunology, immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics of COVID-19; an overview. International Immunopharmacology [Internet]. 2021 Apr 1;93:107364. Liao SY, Gerber AN, Pearlanne Zelarney, Make B, Wechsler ME. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Antibody Response in Patients with Asthma Receiving Biologic Therapy: A Real-World Analysis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2022 Sep 1;206(5):644–8   Author’s response Dear Editor As the corresponding author of the above-mentioned manuscript, I would like to thank the author(s) of this letter for their interest in our paper and valuable comments. It is a great suggestion to track the long-term vaccine efficacy and conduct longitudinal evaluations, especially with a larger number of samples. Additionally, comparing different types of COVID-19 vaccines would be very thoughtful. However, the pandemic has ended, and alternative sampling at different time points, preferably close to the time of vaccination, is not practicable currently. Therefore, we may have missed the golden time to evaluate humoral immunity, but it could still be assessed with more precise molecular techniques not currently available in our center, such as Omics profiling of patients and RNA sequencing.

The duration of the immune response induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in a real-world setting is unknown. 

This study is aimed to estimate the 6-month trend of SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer after Covishield vaccination among Health Care workers (HCW) and their associated factors.

A prospective single cohort study of health care workers was done in a tertiary care-teaching institute of central Kerala from January 2021 to October 2021. HCWs who have given pre-vaccination serum sample for SARS-CoV-2 antibody estimation and negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibody were included. They were followed up and their blood samples to check for antibody levels were taken 28 days after first dose, 2 weeks after second dose, and 3 and 6 months after first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Samples taken from 102 HCW were sent for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody testing. Quantitative results were reported as signal to cut-off (S/C) value.

Mean age of the study participants was 39.3 (age range:19-71) yrs. and 71.6% were females. Antibody levels of participants at 3rd month ranged from 0.28 S/C to 21.2 S/C with a mean of 8.01. Only 34 (33.3%) HCW had IgG antibody levels >9.5 S/C. Mean antibody level further declined to 6.09 S/C at 6th month. Only 19 (28.4%) had antibody levels more than 9.5 S/C at 6th month. HCW with aged less than 50 years and those who had COVID disease during the study period had a significantly higher level of IgG antibody titres.

The study found that after vaccination with Covishield vaccine IgG levels peaked at 14 days following second dose of vaccine, then getting decreased in the third month and further in sixth month confirming the need for a booster dose. COVID antibody levels were significantly higher in COVID infected HCW and in young age participants.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) causing a human pandemic disease named COVID-19 has become a major global health concern. Iran as one of the most affected countries needs unprecedented effort for monitoring and evaluation of COVID-19. To determine the seroprevalance of COVID-19 in Semnan province North-East of Iran. Six hundred people were randomly selected using the "SIB data-base". From 1 to 30 June, 2020, 153 participants of Semnan population were enrolled. Blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were obtained. Prevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies were ascertained using ELISA and Real-Time PCR was conducted to evaluate viral load. Estimates of prevalence were standardized by age and sex, based on the 2015 national census of Semnan province. Seroprevalence showed no difference between females and males and no significant association between age and seropositivity. Among total participants, the age and sex adjusted prevalence of SARS-CoV2 infection was 19.3% (95% CI, 14.0-26.7 per 100 persons). Approximately 10% of participants had detectable antibodies but showed a negative-PCR result. However, approximately 80% of participants did not show an evidence of infection. The majority of the population in Semnan province has no detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, Semnan is considered a SARS-CoV-2 susceptible area. These results emphasize the need for maintaining public health measures to tackle the new epidemic wave.

Incidence and severity of SARS-CoV2 infection are significantly lower in children and teenagers proposing that certain vaccines, routinely administered to neonates and children may provide cross-protection against this emerging infection.

To assess the cross-protection induced by prior measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccinations against COVID-19.

The antibody responses to MMR and tetanus vaccines were determined in 53 patients affected with SARS-CoV2 infection and 52 age-matched healthy subjects. Serum levels of antibodies specific for NP and RBD of SARS-CoV2 were also determined in both groups of subjects with ELISA.

Our results revealed significant differences in anti-NP (p <0.0001) and anti-RBD (p <0.0001) IgG levels between patients and healthy controls. While the levels of rubella- and mumps specific IgG were not different in the two groups of subjects, measles-specific IgG was significantly higher in patients (p <0.01). The serum titer of anti-tetanus antibody, however, was significantly lower in patients compared to healthy individuals (p <0.01).

Our findings suggest that measles vaccination triggers those B cells cross-reactive with SARS-CoV2 antigens leading to the production of increased levels of measles-specific antibody.

Vaccination of hamsters with Schistosoma mansoni adjuvant-free recombinant cathepsin B1 (SmCB1) and L3 (SmCL3) have been shown to elicit highly significant (P < 0.005) protection against challenge Schistosoma haematobium that was not very superior to that achieved by the cysteine peptidase, papain.  Sterilizing immunity might, however, be induced if hamsters were vaccinated against S. haematobium infection with a homologous cysteine peptidase, i.e., S. haematobium cathepsin L (ShCL).  

Standards methods, techniques, and primers based on the published nucleotide sequence of ShCL were used to clone, amplify and express DNAs encoding the target enzyme in a bacterial expression vector.  Repeat immunization trials were performed using recombinant ShCL alone or in combination with the vaccine candidate S. mansoni recombinant glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, in parallel with S. mansoni lecucine aminopeptidase. 

The results together indicated that our adjuvant-free, cysteine peptidase-based vaccine elicits highly significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in challenge worm burden and parasite egg viability.  Protection was associated with whole blood cultures release of type 1, type 2, and type 17 cytokines, and modest, yet significant (P < 0.05) humoral response to ShCL. 

Sterilizing immunity was, however, not achieved in any trial, likely because of the preponderant role of cysteine peptidases-induced nonspecific factors in amplifying and antagonizing its protective potential.  Experiments are planned in an aim to identify these elusive factors and their exact role.

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious infectious disease of livestock which has made a barrier to hygiene causing severe loss in livestock and their products. The aim of this study was the assessment of antibody response against foot and mouth disease virus types A13, A15 , O2010, after injection of FMD vaccine candidate produced by Razi Institue.
twenty non-vaccinated healthy calves were purchased and their health was evaluated. In order to ensure the absence of antibodies against FMD virus of all types, the blood of animal was sampled and subjected to serum neutralization test (SNT).
The SNT method was performed by the micro-neutralization test. Serum samples were tested before and after vaccination. Six wells of dilutions, 1/8 to 1/256 of serum were prepared and after adding the FMD virus they were incubated and then were added to the cell culture. After 48 hours the CPE was checked.
The mean serum titers of antibodies against all three viral type Average A13, A15 and O2010 prior to vaccination was equal to 0.6. One week after the injection, the antibody titer increased especially against A15 in a significant difference (p value=0.017) compared to two other types. The serum antibody titers increase in the three virus types were continued one month after injection. Since then the A13 and A15 type antibody titer underwent increasing but declined against O2010 type. In the second month after the injection, the titer against A13 and A15 remained in stationary state and declined against O2010 type. The statistical analysis showed that the antibody level against the viral types was significantly different in 7 days, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 months after the injection.
The FMD vaccine produced by Razi institute showed the ability to protect animals become dependent on test conditions, the type O2010 for 6 months and for the type A15 and A13 for 7 months after vaccination.

Sand fly saliva helps parasite establishment and induce immune responses in vertebrate hosts. In the current study, we investigated the modulation of Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigen expression by sea­sonal and biological factors. Sand flies were grouped according to physiological stages such as unfed, fed, semi-gravid, gravid, parous, nulliparous, infected or non-infected with Leishmania major and based on the season in which they were collected. Salivary gland antigens (SGAs) were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and the antibody response against SGAs in Rhombomys opimus was determined by ELISA and Western blot. The highest protein content was found in the salivary glands of unfed sand flies. The saliva content was higher in parous compared to nulliparous, in summer compared to spring, and in Leishmania-infected compared to non-infected flies. The salivary gland lysate (SGL) electrophoretic pattern variations were observed among sand flies with various physiological stages particularly from 4–9 protein bands of 14–70 kDa. The SGL of unfed and gravid flies had extra protein bands compared to fed and semi-gravid sand flies. There was missing protein bands in SGL of parous compared to nulliparous; and in summer compared to spring collected flies. Rhombomys opimus se­rum reacted strongly with an antigenic band of around 28 kDa in the SGL of all sand fly groups. Certain biological and environmental characteristics of wild populations of vector sand flies affect the protein content and antigenicity of saliva. This might have an important implication in the design of vector-based vaccines.

The serious influenza-associated complications among immunodeficient individuals such as those who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), highlights the importance of influenza vaccination in these people. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the antibody responses to influenza vaccine in this group. Two hundred subjects were recruited, during autumn 2010 and 2011, to receive, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine consisting of A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B strains. Hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to measure the antibody titer against all strains of the vaccine prior and one month post vaccination. Seroconversion rate for A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B were found to be 58.5%, 67% and 64.5%, respectively. No correlation was found between antibody titer and demographics factors such as age and gender; however, we found a significant correlation between antibody titer and CD4 cell count. Checking the local and systemic reactions after vaccination, the pain on the injection site and myalgia were the most common local and systemic reactions with 20% and 6.5%, respectively. As vaccination with influenza mount considerable antibody responses in HIV-infected patients, annul influenza vaccination seems to be rational in order to prevent or reduce the severe clinical complications induced by influenza virus.