جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « antimicrobial resistance pattern » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are intense public health problems and are precipitated by a variety of pathogens. This study was performed to determine the frequency of bacterial agents of UTIs and the antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli in urinary culture samples of patients at Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani hospital in Tehran, Iran.  A cross-sectional study was conducted on all urinary tract cultures from January 2021 to January 2022 at Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani hospital in Tehran, Iran. Urine culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed by appropriate descriptive and inferential tests such as the chi-square test using Stata version 17, and the level of significance was set at 0.05.  The mean age of patients with E. coli was 50.2 ± 1.8 (confidence interval = 46.6-53.8) years, and their age range was between 6-87 years. The highest prevalence of infection occurred in men over 60 years of age and in women aged 40-60 years. Further, the highest resistance and the highest sensitivity were related to ceftazidime (CAZ) and cefotaxime (CTX), respectively.  In this study, the highest resistance and sensitivity belonged to CAZ and CTX, respectively. In addition, CTX is the primary antibiotic prescribed to deal with UTIs in medical practice.

Infections due to burn wounds are serious because of their effects on the course of the disease and its consequences. The rate of burn wound infection is very high in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify common bacterial agents causing burn wound infection and determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a burn Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 on all patients with burn wound infection. Burn wounds suspected of infection were collected aseptically and traditional bacteriological methods were used to identify the causes of infection. Antimicrobial resistance test was done by the disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI recommendations.

From the total of 1500 wound culture, 957(63.8%) samples were detected as positive. The highest rate of infection was in the ICU ward and the lowest was in the restoration ward. The most common gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii (34.9%) with the highest and the lowest antibiotic resistance to Ceftazidime and Tobramycin, respectively. Among recovered Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (10.2%) were the predominant isolates with the highest and the lowest antibiotic resistance to Penicillin and Vancomycin, respectively.

Due to the variable nature of antibiotic susceptibility patterns and pathogens causing burn wound infection, continuous evaluation, detection of dominant bacterial infections and sensitivity patterns to locally available antibiotics in burn wound patients in order to modify the drug regimen for proper antibiotic treatment is important and seems reasonable.

In this study demographic, clinical, paraclinical, microbiological, and therapeutic features of patients with community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis admitted to a referral center for infectious diseases in Iran, have been evaluated.
Medical records of adult (> 18 years) individuals with confirmed diagnosis of community-acquired bacterial meningitis during a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed. All required data were obtained from patients’ medical charts. Available findings about antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria from CSF and/or blood were also collected. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Details of medical management including antibiotic regimen, duration, patients’ outcome, and possible sequelae of meningitis were recorded.
The most commonly isolated microorganism from CSF or blood of patients was Streptococcus pneumonia (33.33%) followed by Neisseria meningitidis (27.78%) and Haemophilus influenza (16.67%). The most common antimicrobial regimen was ceftriaxone plus vancomycin (69.44%) followed by ceftriaxone plus vancomycin plus ampicillin (11.11%). Neurological sequelae of meningitis including cranial nerve palsy, deafness, and hemiparesis were identified in 4 (11.11%), 2 (5.56%), and 1 (2.78%) subjects, respectively. Regarding mortality, only 3 (8.33%) patients died from bacterial meningitis and the remaining 33 individuals discharged from the hospital.
In conclusion, findings of the current study demonstrated that the mean incidence of acute bacterial meningitis in a referral infectious diseases ward in Iran was 9 episodes per year. The majority cases of community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis admitted to our center had negative CSF culture and classic triad of meningitis was absent in them.