جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « antipsychotic agents » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Some evidence supports probiotics’ beneficial effects on clinical symptoms of patients with schizophrenia and relieving unwanted frequently associated side effects of antipsychotic drugs such as constipation, obesity, and metabolic disorders.

This study aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplements on clinical psychiatry symptoms and metabolic indices in patients with schizophrenia.

First-episode schizophrenic patients were randomly assigned to probiotics and placebo groups in a randomized controlled trial that took 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) change scores and positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). The secondary outcomes were clinical global impression-improvement scale (CGI-S), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and fasting blood sugar (FBS).

A total of 62 patients were considered for the intention-to-treat analysis (mean age, 34.7 years; 23 women; 39 men). The results showed no significant differences in the primary objectives between the probiotic and placebo groups. In the probiotic group, subjects had lower levels of all biochemical variables (triglycerides, cholesterol, and FBS) compared to the subjects in the placebo group (standardized mean difference -4.3, -2.8, and -4.6, respectively; P<0.05).

We found that by adding probiotics to oral antipsychotics, BPRS or PANSS scores do not improve. However, Cohen’s d for biochemical variables showed a medium to large effect size. This study suggests probiotic supplementation may regulate and control triglycerides, cholesterol, and FBS levels. Future studies are recommended to demonstrate these findings in the confirmatory analysis.

Venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) is a very common and severe pathological condition in which there aremany predisposing factors. Olanzapine is a drug frequently used in psychiatric practises; it is thought to increasethe risk of VTD. Here, we report two cases, a young man and a woman, with a medical history of schizophreniatreated by olanzapine who developed pulmonary embolism and we did not find any aetiologies of VTD in them.Due to the link between olanzapine and pulmonary embolism, which has been previously described, olanzapineis considered responsible for this problem. Two mechanisms have been reported in the literature in this regard;significant weight gain and lethargy, which are very common side effects of olanzapine. So far, no direct effectof olanzapine on platelet aggregation or coagulation has been found. In patients developing VTD while beingtreated with olanzapine, discontinuation of olanzapine as a treatment option must be done with an adjustmentof antipsychotic treatment and regular monitoring of psychic symptoms. Since the diagnosis of pulmonaryembolism is not easy to make in a schizophrenic patient, clinicians should take that in consideration whenprescribing these drugs and when facing clinical situations where VTD is suspected.

Given that insomnia is common and not always easily handled after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), this study was conducted to compare the efficacy of quetiapine and alprazolam in post-CABG insomnia.
 
In this clinical trial, 90 patients undergoing CABG were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups of 45 patients. The first group received 12.5 mg of oral quetiapine and the second group received 0.5 mg of alprazolam before bedtime (at 10 PM). The patients’ insomnia was evaluated and compared using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire on 3 occasions: 1 month before surgery and then 3 days and 14 days after surgery.
 
The mean score of insomnia 1 month before surgery and 3 days after surgery had no statistically significant difference in both groups (P =0.89 and P =0.55, respectively). The mean score of insomnia on the 14th postoperative day, which was at the end of the 10-day treatment period, was 15.33 ± 3.87 in the alprazolam group and 13.33 ± 4.71 in the quetiapine group (P >0.05 and P =0.043, respectively). In the quetiapine group, 2 patients experienced drowsiness on the following day and 1 patient developed pruritus; none of them experienced restless leg syndrome or dystonia. Nine patients in the quetiapine group and 3 patients in the alprazolam group had drug noncompliance.
 
Despite more drug noncompliance, very low-dose quetiapine was more effective than alprazolam in improving the sleep quality of our early postoperative CABG patients.  (Iranian Heart Journal 2021; 22(3): 74-80)

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but severe side effect of antipsychotic medication. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple marker used to measure systemic inflammation.

In this case report we explore the relationship of inflammation in the etiology of NMS. In our case involving NMS, although there was no leukocytosis, the NLR was increased up to systemic infection levels.

We hypothesized that systemic inflammation may take a role in developing NMS. If so, NLR could be a new marker of NMS that may be able to provide more sensitive results than leukocyte levels.

Prolactinomas are the most common type of functional pituitary tumors. Dopamine agonists is the most important drugs used in prolactinoma,have antagonistic effect with antipsychotic drugs used in schizophrenia. Conversely, dopamine antagonist drugs increase prolactin in patients with simultaneous schizophrenia. In the present case, we report a 29-year-old single male with schizophrenia who treated for 8 years with risperidone and presented with macroprolactinoma. Iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia is a well-known side effect of dopamine antagonist drugs for treatment in a patient with schizophrenia. On the other hand, it appears these drugs have the other side effects, such as drug- induced prolactinoma or boost growth.

Cancer is a global problem and causes lots of deaths across the world. Due to the high cost of manufacturing and developing new drugs, there is more willingness to use medications t hat may have anti - neoplastic effects.

Antipsychotic drugs have a long history of clinical use. Currently, there are several reports about the anti - cancer effects of antipsychotic drugs in different types of malignancies.

In this stud y, the effects and mechanisms of several antipsychotic drugs on different types of cancer were investigated. The current investigations show that some antipsychotic drugs might inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and some others can be used to ease the symptoms caused by cancer.

T he anticancer effects of all antipsychotic drugs haven’t been thoroughly investigated and it is reported that few drugs may reverse the effects and increase the risk of neoplasm.

Although some studies have revealed that antipsychotic drugs might beneficially affect cancer cells, high quality clinical trials are still needed to confirm these results.

Stimulants are not very effective on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children under 6 years old. The most common medication that is used in this range of age is Risperidone. Evaluating the safety and efficacy of Aripiprazole versus Risperidone for treating children under 6 years suffering from ADHD was the aim of this study.
During this double-blind clinical trial, 34 children aged 3 - 6 years who were diagnosed with ADHD, received treatments with Aripiprazole or Risperidone randomly for 12 weeks. Follow-up measures comprised, CGAS, the ADHD-RS, CPRS and side effect checklist.
The findings revealed that 20 patients in Risperidone group (including 13 boys and 7 girls) and 20 patients in Aripiprazole group (including 13 boys and 7 girls) had at least one follow-up examination. After 12 weeks of the study, both medications showed distinct improvements in ADHD RS (P The findings revealed that both Risperidone and Aripiprazole are effective in treating ADHD children under 6 years old and there was no significant difference between the two drugs. Children can tolerate them well. Aripiprazole effect on children showed itself earlier compared to Risperidone.

Context: Mental health professionals interact with substantial numbers of parents, mainly mothers, who suffer from severe mental disorders and who are treated, acutely or chronically, with antipsychotic medication. The behavior of these clients is affected by their primary illness but also by many other factors, including their drug regimen. The treating team, however, does not always recognize that a drug can profoundly impact cognition and behavior. The aim of this paper is to inform non-medical mental health workers how antipsychotic medication (AP) can influence client cognition and behavior, and thereby impact the safety of the client’s children. Indirectly, APs can also affect the immediate and longer-term behavior of the children.
Evidence Acquisition: This article qualitatively reviews the very sparse literature on antipsychotic effects on cognition and behavior in populations of mentally ill mothers of young children. This narrative review includes case illustrations taken from a clinic for women with psychotic disorders. Also included are references to studies of rodent maternal behavior, as influenced by antipsychotic drugs.
Animal studies have shown that maternal behavior in rodents is impaired by antipsychotic drugs. In humans, drug effects such as sedation, dizziness, indicated thinking, tardive dyskinesia, increased appetite, and sleepwalking, as well as client beliefs about and attitudes toward their drugs, can affect their problem solving, decision-making, and behavior and, thus, play a critical role in child custody determinations. Behavior induced by drugs includes issues of tolerance, withdrawal, and sensitization. Importantly, there are major safety concerns related to APs.
Listening attentively when clients speak about their drugs and understanding potential drug effects help mental health professionals increase their therapeutic efficacy and make sound decisions about clients and their children.

The present study aimed to review the relapse rate in patients with schizophrenia treated with orally taken atypical agents (serotonin dopamine antagonists, SDAs) and depot preparation of conventional (typical) antipsychotics. In this historical cohort study, mean relapse per month (MRM) index, duration between initiation of antipsychotic treatment and the first relapse episode, and the time gap between successive relapses were compared between 84 patients on SDAs-except clozapine (group 1) and 81 others on depot typical antipsychotics (group 2). The two groups were comparable regarding mean (±SD) MRM index [0.033 (±0.004) in group1 and 0.044 (±0.05) in group 2; p = 0.345]. Mean (±SD) duration of time between initiation of maintenance treatment and the first relapse was 15.5 (±13.67) months in group 1 and 16.40 (±15.31) months in group 2, (p = 0.876). Mean (±SD) duration of remission periods between successive relapses were 17.92 (±14.2) and 15.8 (±16.9) months for group 1 and group 2, respectively (Mann-Whitney test, (p = 0.048). Orally taken atypical antipsychotics were able to keep the duration of remission periods between successive relapses more prolonged compared to depot conventional preparations. This could be added to their other remarkable benefits especially if the patient is expected to experience multiple relapses.

Treatment of tuberculosis was an obstacle for ages. In spite of good drugs, the disease is not under control. Thus, the need for more drugs existed. Searching for a new drug demands much investment on the time, money and human resources. There are many drugs with antitubercular action that are discovered and explored in the last century. The most common drug, Isoniazid, is now a frontrunner anti-tubercular drug. Like the same antitubercular effect of Trifluoperazine which is known since 1990s, but due to the lack of research its anti-tubercular potential is not yet explored completely.

Patients with intellectual disabilities may be treated with antipsychotic medications for a variety of diagnoses. Use of this category of medication can increase prolactin levels and place the patient at risk for sexual dysfunction and lower bone mineral density. The proposed mechanism of action is affinity for the dopamine receptor. Use of bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor antagonist, was proposed to attenuate hyperprolactinemia. The objectives of this study were to (1) review serum prolactin (PRL) elevations associated with the use of antipsychotic (AP) medications in an intellectually disabled adult population and (2) determine if any association existed between the level of elevation and AP used.Patients and Medical records for adult patients at two Oklahoma facilities for the intellectually disabled were reviewed to evaluate prolactin levels for individuals prescribed antipsychotics. A linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between prolactin levels with intellectual disability level, bromocriptine use, demographics, and antipsychotic. 73 (n = 53 males, n = 20 females) patients met criteria. The average age was 41.2 years. Nearly 70% of the patients had severe to profound levels of disability. 77% were prescribed second generation antipsychotics; 19% received first generation agents. Two variables, gender and bromocriptine use, were found to be significant predictors of prolactin levels. Mean prolactin level for females was 44 ng/mL (normal range: 4-30 ng/mL, males = 4-23 ng/mL). Patients who did not receive bromocriptine had mean levels of 23 ng/mL. No significant difference in prolactin levels was found for type of AP. Mean prolactin levels for females were significantly higher than for males. Both sexes were found to have higher-than-normal levels. Use of bromocriptine was associated with higher prolactin levels. In this population of patients, the type of AP used had no significance on prolactin levels.