جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « apolipoprotein e » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) leads to elevated low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) levels in plasma. Mutations of its related gene; apolipoprotein B (APOB) is seen in about two percent of the patient with FH. Thyroid disease is usually part of the exclusion criteria for the detection of FH which alters the lipid profile. We evaluated mutations in the APOB gene in patients with high LDL‑C levels.

Patients aged between 2 and 80 years with at least one LDL‑C level of more than 190 mg/dl were selected (120 patients) from Isfahan Laboratories. Blood samples were obtained from all patients. Genomic DNA was extracted. Primer sequences were designed by Oligo 7.60 to amplify the desired 844 bp region of exon 26 of the APOB gene containing R3500Q and R3500W variants associated with FH.

Overall, two patients showed a heterozygous form of a common pathogenic variant in exon 26 named c. 10579 C > T (R3500W, cDNA.10707), and one patient was hypothyroidism. We also recognized another nonpathognomonic variant c. 10913G > A (rs1801701, cDNA.11041) in 13 patients, two of them were hypothyroidism.

This study for the first time shows the coexistence of APOB mutation in hypothyroidism, which emphasis screening of patients with hypothyroid for FH detection.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the old age population, making it a worldwide concern. Unfortunately, few drugs have been presented for treatment of mild and moderate AD. To meet this need, more effective anti-AD agents are emerging. Accumulating evidence supports the beneficial roles of natural-based products in brain function, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and the prevention of amyloid fibrillation and neuronal injury. Several in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies suggest that saffron (its bioactive compounds) is a potential nutraceutical with antioxidant, radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, neuroendocrine, and neuroprotective effects. It has also been proposed that saffron may delay the onset of AD, prevent its progression or help to attenuate the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive search on this plant and its derivatives for AD treatment. Saffron and its active constituents interfere with AD by improving learning behavior, spatial memory, and cognitive function; protecting against neuronal loss; inhibiting beta-amyloid aggregation and neurotoxicity; preventing senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation; suppressing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; and reducing neuroinflammation. Given conclusive scientific findings, saffron and its derivatives might counter neurodegenerative diseases through multiple pathways. Further clinical trials are expected to confirm the neuroprotective properties of this herb and also to translate such findings to improve patients’ outcomes.

Several studies have been done on the effects of fasting on human health indicating the beneficial effects of fasting on weight control, lipid metabolism, and lowering blood pressure in healthy people. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Ramadan fasting on apolipoproteins A and B (Apo A and Apo B) and the atherogenic index of the fasting and non-fasting students.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 29 men aged 20-25 years. The samples were divided into the fasting (n=15) and non-fasting (n=14) groups. Serum levels of apolipoproteins A and B, biochemical-hematological factors, and atherogenic index were measured three days before the fasting month and after Ramadan. The inter-group and intra-group comparison was performed using student’s t-test, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between the groups. 

In the fasting group, a significant reduction was observed in Apo B, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein to high-density, and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. However, the Apo A (P=0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (P=0.004) significantly increased after the intervention. The Atherogenic index, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count significantly decreased in the fasting group (P≤0.05).

According to the results, fasting during Ramadan could improve the biochemical and hematological factors. Therefore, it is recommended to use some biochemical and hematological indices to compare the effects of fasting to improve in of students these parameters.

Studies found that the inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). It is well-known that apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) demonstrates antiinflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in a healthy physiological system. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether there is any difference of Apo-A1 levels in patients with PAF and healthy subjects.

In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled a total of 35 PAF patients and 34 comparable healthy participants. Apo-A1 levels were measured from each subject using an immunophelometric method. All enrolled subjects were followed-up for one year during the study period.

Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were statistically higher in PAF patients compared to healthy subjects (1.54±1.99 vs. 1.06±2.01, P= 0.016, respectively). Of note, patients with PAF had lower Apo-A1 levels (1.84±0.74 vs. 2.55±0.44, P= 0.001, respectively). There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of apolipoprotein-B levels (1.08±0.36 vs. 0.99±0.38, P= 0.339, respectively). We did not find any correlation between Apo-A1 levels and PAF attacks in the study.

The main finding of this study was that Apo-A1 levels were significantly lower in PAF patients compared to healthy participants. Based on our results, we considered that Apo-A1 may have a key role in the pathogenesis of PAF.

 One of the most important metabolic disorders is hyperlipidemia. ApoAI protein plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism. In this study, the association between MspI polymorphisms in the promoter (G-75A) and first intron (C83T) of the apoAI gene and hyperlipidemia was investigated in Semnan, Iran.

 A total of 151 unrelated subjects were divided into two groups: the hyperlipidemic (N = 75) and control (N = 76) groups. Genotyping was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

 In the hyperlipidemic group, the frequency of the (+−) variant of the MspI (C83T) locus was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences were found in serum HDL-C and apoAI levels between different genotypes of MspI (C83T) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). In the hyperlipidemic group, the odds ratios for the (+−) and (−−) genotypes of the MspI (C83T) locus in comparison to that for the (++) genotype were 0.26 (P= 0.023) and 3.62 (P = 0.254), respectively. The allelic frequency at the (G-75A) locus was not significantly different in the hyperlipidemic and control groups (P = 0.36). The serum levels of lipid and lipoprotein were not significantly different for all genotypes of MspI (G-75A). The AA/++ and GG/−− haplotypes had the lowest and highest apoB/apoAI ratios, respectively (0.73 ± 0.03 vs. 1.9).

 The presence of (+) and A alleles in the apoAI (C83T) and (G-75A) haplotypes in the Semnan population may be protective against cardiovascular disease.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common disorder which is a constellation of clinical features including abdominal obesity, increased level of serum triglycerides (TGs) and decrease of serum high‑density lipoprotein‑cholesterol (HDL‑C), elevated blood pressure, and glucose intolerance. The apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is involved in lipid metabolism, influencing the level of plasma TG and HDL‑C. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the associations between four INDEL variants of APOA5 gene and the MetS risk.

In this case–control study, we genotyped 116 Iranian children and adolescents with/without MetS by using Sanger sequencing method for these INDELs. Then, we explored the association of INDELs with MetS risk and their clinical components by logistic regression and one‑way analysis of variance analyses.

We identified a novel insertion polymorphism, c. *282–283 insAG/c. *282–283 insG variant, which appears among case and control groups. rs72525532 showed a significant difference for TG levels between various genotype groups. In addition, there were significant associations between newly identified single‑nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and rs72525532 with MetS risk.

These results show that rs72525532 and the newly identified SNP may influence the susceptibility of the individuals to MetS.