جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "asthma" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease and a major public health problem globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in schoolchildren in Dezful city, southwest Iran.

In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, the prevalence of asthma symptoms was measured using a randomized cluster sampling method among 2,978 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years. A validated questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was used from January to February 2020. The chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between variables, which were expressed as percentages, with a p‐value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

The overall prevalence of asthma was 4.7% (CI=3.98 - 5.54), significantly higher among 13-14-year-olds compared to the 6-7-year-old age group (6.4% vs. 3.1%, p<0.001) and in males versus females (6.9% vs. 2.5%, p<0.001). The total prevalence of wheezing in the last year, the main symptom of asthma, was 7.2% (CI=6.31 - 8.20), significantly higher among 13-14-year-olds (8.4% vs. 6.1%, p<0.009) and male schoolchildren (9.6% vs. 4.7%, p<0.001).

According to our findings, and compared to the previous ISAAC study in Iran, the prevalence of asthma symptoms was relatively low among Dezful schoolchildren. Further epidemiological studies are needed to investigate factors affecting this disease, such as indoor and outdoor environments, as well as their effects on gene expression over time.

Asthma is a complex inflammatory disorder with the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung airways. Saffron’s active component, crocin, has been proven to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The objective of this current study was to explore the impact of crocin on NF-kB and nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathways in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice, aiming to understand its mechanism.

Four different groups were formed by dividing forty male BALB/C mice: control group, OVA-sensitized group (OVA), OVA combined with crocin 30 mg/kg (OVA-Cr30), and the OVA combined with crocin 60 mg/kg (OVA-Cr60). In order to determine the total number of WBC and inflammatory cells infiltrating the lung, we utilized the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for counting purposes. The mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, IL-17, and NF-κB in lung tissue were assessed through real-time PCR and western blot techniques. 

Crocin significantly prevented the increase of total WBC and inflammatory cells in the lung tissue (P<0.001 for all) and histopathological changes in OVA-sensitized mice. Furthermore, crocin displayed suppressive effects on the enhancement of NF-kB (P<0.01) and IL-17 (P<0.05) mRNA and protein levels in OVA-sensitized mice while preserving Nrf2 (P<0.01) and HO-1 (P<0.05) expression levels. Crocin effects became increasingly apparent when utilized at high concentrations.

Crocin decreased airway inflammation, partially by inhibiting NF-κB and IL-17 and up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 mRNA and protein expression levels.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollutants and noise on the prevalence of childhood asthma in Tehran, Iran.
The standardized questionnaire was completed by one of the parents of children aged 6–7 years or by adolescents aged 13–14 years.
The asthma prevalence in ages 6-7 and 13–14 was found to be 8.8% and 17.44%, respectively. A significant positive association was observed between “ever wheezing” and monoxide carbon (CO) concentration (OR=1.84, 1.05-3.25 in 13–14 years), the occurrence of 4 to 12 wheezing attacks and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.39, 1.04-1.91) and particulate matter less than 2.5 micron (PM2.5) concentration (OR=1.38, 1.05-1.98 and OR=1.13, 0.98-1.39 in 6-7 and 13–14 years, respectively), as well as one night per week of sleep disturbances and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration (OR=1.09, 1.03-1.16 in 6–7 years, respectively). It was also found that there was a significant interaction between the noise level and particulate matter less than 10 micron (PM10) level.
Based on the findings, exposure to certain outdoor air pollutants and noise can affect prevalence of asthma symptoms in residence of Tehran. The simultaneous presence of air pollutants and noise has an aggravating effect on the prevalence of asthma symptoms. Therefore, controlling sources of pollutants for reducing asthma symptoms is suggested.

Allergies impact nearly 30% of the world's population, with fungi being remarkable contributors to allergic sensitivity. Exposure to fungi allergens can trigger allergic reactions and severe asthma has been linked to hypersensitivity to fungi such as Aspergillus and Alternaria spp. Alternaria alternata, a common allergen in respiratory allergic diseases, releases proteases that initiate Th2 responses, causing inflammatory cytokine production.

Given the anti-inflammatory properties of Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO) and the potential of Nano-emulsions (NEs) to enhance drug delivery, this study investigates the impact of PSO-loaded NEs on TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in A549 cells sensitized with A. alternata extract (ALT).

A. alternata (ATCC 6663) was cultured and processed to obtain a cytosolic extract, with protein content measured using the Bradford method. Using a Soxhlet apparatus, PSO was extracted from cleaned, dried seeds and analyzed by gas chromatography. Alginate nanospheres containing PSO were prepared through a modified water-in-oil emulsification method and characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. A549 cells were cultured and treated with various ALT, PSO, and PSO-loaded NEs combinations. Following treatment, RNA was extracted, and real-time RT-PCR was conducted to analyze TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression.

All treatment groups showed an increase in TLR2 gene expression compared to the control, with the ALT combined with PSO (P+ALT) causing the highest increase at 4.82-fold. Free PSO (P) and free NEs (NP) resulted in 3.92-fold and 2.93-fold increases, respectively, while the ALT and PSO-loaded NEs (NP+ALT) led to 2.26-fold and 2.50-fold increases. For TLR4 gene expression, the ALT treatment increased expression by 2.29-fold, but treatments containing PSO (P, P+ALT, NP+ALT) reduced TLR4 expression, with P+ALT and NP+ALT causing 0.45-fold and 0.61-fold decreases.

The study confirms that herbal extracts like PSO selectively upregulate TLR2 and downregulate TLR4, suggesting targeted therapeutic potential in inflammation and immune modulation. PSO-loaded NEs demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory effects, supporting their development for treating inflammatory diseases and warranting further research into their molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications.

Limited data exists regarding the association between dietary patterns and asthma. This study aims to determine the relationship between empirically derived dietary patterns and the likelihood of asthma among a large population of children and adolescents living in central Iran.

A total of 7667 of male and female students aged 6-14 from 48 public and private schools in YAZD urban areas entered the current cross-sectional study. Data on dietary intakes, as well as asthma symptoms and other possible confounders, were collected using a self-administered questionnaire filled by parents. Factor analysis was applied to find major dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for asthma development across quintiles of dietary patterns.

Two main dietary patterns were established. A “traditional diet” was determined by meat, fish, fruits, cooked vegetable, raw vegetable, legumes, cereals, bread, macaroni, rice, margarine, butter, olive oil, milk, yogurt, egg, nuts, potato, and a “western-like diet” was characterized by high intakes of simple sugars, fast food(hamburger), fast food (pizza), soft drinks, jelly, chocolate and biscuits of cocoa, ice cream, and sauce. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals in the top quintile of traditional diet were 0.31 times less likely to have asthma than those in the lowest quintile (OR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.47-1.00). Moreover, individuals in the top quintile of traditional diet were 0.43 times less likely to have wheezing compared with those in the lowest quintile (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.46-0.70). However, individuals in the top quintile of the western diet were 0.35 times more likely to have wheezing than those in the lowest quintile (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.66).

According to the results, a traditional diet might be associated with lower odds of asthma; however, a western-like diet might be adversely associated with asthma symptoms.

Asthma is a common and major allergic disease in the world. We aimed to investigate the impact of supplements with vitamin D, folic acid, selenium, zinc, and copper in patients with moderate to severe asthma.

In this clinical trial study 70 patients above six years old with moderate to severe asthma, were divided into two groups, randomly; one group received daily Asmavit syrup, 10 ml (Asmavit, Vitabiotics Ltd, London, UK), and the other group received daily 1000 IU vitamin D3 drops (Asmavit, Vitabiotics Ltd, London, UK) for two months along with ordinary treatment for asthma. Clinical and physical examinations, immunological and biochemical tests were carried out for each patient before and after the treatment.

The mean age of patients was 39.9± 14.7 years old, and the mean disease duration was 8.8 ± 9.8 years. A significant increase in lung function, asthma control, and quality of life score tests was observed in both groups after the treatment (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in cytokines expression levels before and after the treatment with vitamin D3 or Asmavit (P> 0.05). Serum levels of selenium and folic acid before treatment were correlated with disease severity, while post-treatment vitamin D levels significantly increased FEV1 (P> 0.05). Oxidative stress levels reduced in both groups, with greater reduction in the vitamin D group (P< 0.05).

Supplements, particularly vitamin D, when combined with standard asthma treatment, may effectively improve clinical symptoms and enhance the quality of life for asthmatic patients.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by bronchospasm, airway inflammation. The occurrence of microbial infections is related to the severity of asthma symptoms; thus, their development can be prevented by controlling microbial agents. This study aims to determine the relationship of asthma symptoms severity with Haemophilus influenzae type A infection in patient with asthma compared to healthy people.

In this case-control study, sputum samples of 31 patients with asthma (16men and 15 women; mean age=58.58±14.13) and 31 healthy individuals (16 men and 15 women; mean age=52.03±14.72 years) who referred to a hospital were collected. DNA extraction was done using the kit (Cinnagen Co.). The prevalence of H. influenzae type A was investigated using the bexA gene primer by real-time PCR method. The collected data were analyzed in Excel and SPSS software, version 20.

24 sputum samples (77.4%) from patients and 13 samples (41.9%) from healthy people were positive for H. influenzae type A. The increase in the severity of asthma symptoms, cough and shortness of breath showed that the severity of the infection decreased with the increase in asthma symptoms. Also, in terms of the asthma control test (ACT) score, spirometry indices, fractional exhaled nitric oxide index, and percentages of lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, there was a significant difference between patients and healthy people (P=0.0001).

Further studies are needed to determine the role of H. influenzae type A in the development of lung diseases, including asthma.

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease. Viola odorata has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases. This study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of V. odorata aqueous extract on a murine model of asthma. Forty-eight Balb/c female mice were divided into six groups of eight animals. The healthy controls received distilled water and other groups became asthmatic using ovalbumin. Then, one group received dexamethasone, and the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was administered to three groups for a week. Subsequently, the number of eosinophils, and the levels of interleukins 4, 5, and 13 were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Histopathological changes were analyzed in lung tissues. Eosinophils count and the levels of interleukins 4, 5, and 13 in BALF specimens significantly reduced. Hyperplasia of goblet cells, lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, and peribronchial and perivascular inflammations decreased in the extract-treated mice. The effects of V. odorata aqueous extract on all parameters were comparable with dexamethasone. The present study is the first report of anti-inflammatory activities of V. odorata aqueous extract in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Therefore, these data may suggest V. odorata as a promising drug to treat asthma-induced inflammation.

The prevalence of asthma indicates the importance of studying oral manifestations of inhalers as one of the indications of asthma. This study compares two methods of using inhalers, Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) and Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) in asthmatic patients.

100 asthmatic patients (50 MDI-treated, 50 DPI-treated) and 50 healthy individuals were selected by convincing sampling. The three sampled groups were gender- and age-matched. We performed a clinical examination, recorded the information, and analyzed the data by SPSS21 software using a t-test and one-way ANOVA for quantitative and Pearson’s chi-square test for qualitative indicators.

DMFT index (p-value 0.001), fissured tongue (p-value 0.005), xerostomia (p-value 0.001), and dental erosion (p-value: 0.011) in MDI-treated patients were significantly higher than the other two groups, while the geographic tongue (p-value 0.008) was significantly higher in DPI-treated patients than in the other two groups. It showed that periodontal disease and median rhomboid glossitis had no significant difference between the three groups.

Due to the higher incidence of manifestations in MDI, it is expected that physicians give more attention to prescribing inhalers and give them the necessary training to maintain oral and dental hygiene.

Asthma is a chronic disease that causes respiratory system inflammation. Recently, traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), especially particulate matter (PM2.5) and benzene, has been considered a factor that may increase the risk of asthma. This study investigated the association between TRAP (PM2.5 and benzene) and asthma risk.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the relevant published data were collected by searching the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases up to November 2022. The study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale checklist. The data were analyzed using Stata software (version 14), and the significance level in this meta-analysis study was considered to be<0.05.

In the first search, 4,909 and 4,825 studies were extracted for PM2.5 and benzene, respectively. After evaluating and considering the search criteria, 25 and 4 studies remained for PM2.5 and benzene, respectively. For PM2.5, the odds ratio (OR) for developing asthma in the TRAP-exposed group compared to the unexposed group was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.19, P=0.002). For benzene, the OR of developing asthma in the exposed group was 1.19 when compared to the unexposed group (95% CI: 1.10-1.29, P<0.001).

Based on this review study, there was a positive association between TRAP exposure and the development of asthma. The results confirmed that PM2.5 and benzene increase the risk of asthma.

The present study investigates the oral health-related quality of life in asthmatic children aged 8-14 years old in Sari city.

Methods and Material: 

In this case control study, the DMFT and oral health-related quality of life of 56 children aged 8-14 years were investigated (n=28 for each group). The asthma grade of each patient, the duration of asthma, the type of corticosteroid used, and the smoking habits of the parents were recorded in the individual's questionnaire after interviewing and obtaining the relevant information. Children were examined and their dmft/DMFT ratio was recorded. Statistical tests such as Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman’s correlation were used.

The results showed that the quality of life in asthmatic children was significantly lower than in the control group, and the dmft/DMFT ratio was higher (P<0.001). Additionally, a reduction in quality of life and an increase in the dmft/DMFT ratio were significantly associated with increased asthma severity. There were no significant differences in quality of life and the dmft/DMFT ratio between children with smoker and non-smoker parents (P=0.852 and P=0.887, respectively). Overall, there was a negative correlation between oral health-related quality of life and the dmft/DMFT ratio (0.76).

The oral health-related quality of life and the dmft/DMFT ratio in children with asthma are suboptimal. Additionally, having smoker parents does not affect the quality of life and history of tooth decay in these children.

 Focus of this study was on subjects suffering from new onset asthma, but actually, they may involve with an infection.

The target of this study was to determine the frequency of total control of asthma in new onset asthma.

this is a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. The participants were 50 new onset asthma, who feel suffering from respiratory infection, however the physician diagnosis was asthma according to wheezy chest, spirometry and clear chest roentgenogram. Age less than 18 years and pregnant women were excluded. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, doxycycline hyclate and the placebo arms. The drugs were repacked in similar in shape container. Primary endpoint was time to first recurrence. Secondary endpoints were frequency of total control of asthma, dyspnea, cough, asthma control test (ACT) score, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, eosinophil and neutrophil in blood and sputum.

 The difference of clinical findings between two groups before the trial were not significant. Ten percent reported acute attack of asthma during last two months. Treatment with Doxycyline revealed significant improvement of clinical findings, asthma attack and ACT score after two months of treatment, however, complete resolution of clinical findings were significantly higher in Doxycyline group compare to placebo. Clinical findings and FEV1 percent predicted in Doxycyline group T2low asthma group showed significant improvement which were not depicted in T2high group. Eighteen months follow up of the subjects showed complete resolution of asthma symptoms in 12 (48%) on Doxycyline group, which was significantly higher than control group (5 (20%). Time to first exacerbation in doxycycline group was 13.6±5.64 months which was significantly longer than control group (7.49±6.95, P=0.002). Time to first exacerbation in CRP positive was significantly longer (13.64±5.35 months) than CRP negative subjects (9.67±7.76 months, P=0.02).

Doxycycline is an effective antibiotic for preventing recurrence of asthma, in selected new subjects who suspicious for respiratory infection.

Considering the high prevalence of respiratory diseases, it is important to identify factors affecting them, especially the role of genetics and blood antigens. By identifying people with a high risk of developing asthma and chronic pulmonary diseases, it is possible to take diagnostic measures and perform proper screening to observe the improvement of patients’ quality of life and the increase of proper screening. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between blood group types and the occurrence of chronic pulmonary diseases.

The present retrospective study was conducted on patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2018. Overall, 30 patients with asthma, 70 patients with COPD, and 100 patients in the control group were evaluated in this study. Finally, the obtained data were entered into SPSS version 22 software and subjected to statistical analysis with t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests.

The results of the present study revealed that the most frequent blood types in asthma, COPD patients, and the control group were A (38.09%), B (40.42%), and O (41.66%), respectively, which were statistically significant (P=0.003). Blood group A had a significant relationship with the gender of asthmatic patients, and blood groups A and B had a meaningful relationship with positive family history in asthmatic patients.

In this study, a significant relationship was observed between blood group A and asthma, as well as blood group B and COPD, compared to the control group.

Pinen Hydronoplacton Ribonucleic acid (PHR160) medicine contains compounds that can be useful in the recovery of respiratory patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PHR spray on improving lung function, severity and asthma attacks in patients with severe asthma. This study is a pioneering interventional study (pilot study) conducted during the years 2021-2022 on patients with severe asthma resistant to treatment who referred to the lung clinic of Imam Khomeini, Golestan Hospitals and the private practice of lung specialists of this academic center. The study includes two groups of patients with asthma, both groups were given the usual treatment according to the stage of the disease, in addition, the intervention group was given two puffs of PHR spray every eight hours, and the control group was given a placebo spray with the same dose. Before and after the intervention, GSK 2002 questionnaire, six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and spirometry tests were completed. Among of 60 patients, 27 (45%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 44.33±6.94 years. Based on findings, the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF 25-75%) were significantly better in the intervention group than the control group (P<0.001 and P=0.019, respectively), but there was a statistically remarkable difference between the two groups in terms of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC (P=0.505, P=0.575, respectively). In addition, the GSK questionnaire score in the intervention group was higher than the control group (P<0.001), however there is no significant difference between the two intervention groups in terms of the 6MWD test and the number of exacerbation (P=0.114 and P=0.09, respectively). It is generally concluded that PHR160 spray can lead to improvement of spirometry parameters and severity of disease in severe asthma patients by affecting small airways.

Asthma and allergic diseases are common chronic non-communicable conditions that can negatively impact the quality of life of patients. Psychological factors play a role in both the onset and progression of these conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between handedness and emotion regulation and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with asthma and allergies in Isfahan, central Iran.

We employed a causal-comparative research design. The study population consisted of all patients visiting Asthma and Allergy Clinic in Isfahan. One hundred participants were selected through probability sampling. Data were collected using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire, and were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Cognitive emotion regulation was significantly different between right-handed and left-handed patients with asthma and allergies (P=0.0001). A significant difference was also observed between the two groups in their emotion regulation strategies (P=0.031). The rate of positive and negative cognitive regulation strategies was higher in left-handed individuals with asthma and allergies, compared to right-handed individuals.

Overall, handedness has a significant impact on the behavior and mental health of patients suffering from asthma and allergies. Therefore, handedness should be taken into consideration in interventions for emotion regulation.

Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases characterized by reversible obstruction of airflow. It poses many problems for all age groups from infancy to old age. Various studies have shown that the occurrence of viral infections is associated with the severity of asthma symptoms so it can be prevented by controlling viral agents. In this study, the severity of the symptoms of persistent severe asthma with Haemophilus influenza infection was investigated. 31 patients with asthma with different degrees of disease were studied in this study. The results showed that in patients with asthma, the percentage of people with Haemophilus influenza was 71% and in 29% of other asthma cases, Haemophilus influenza virus was not observed. The relationship between asthma, cough and dyspnea with Haemophilus influenza infection showed that with increasing asthma symptoms, the severity of infection increases, and no significant association was observed between cough and dyspnea with Haemophilus influenza. Therefore, the results of this study clearly show that Haemophilus influenzae virus causes asthma symptoms to worsen in patients.