جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « atomic absorption » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Street foods are ready-to-eat foods and drinks prepared and sold by vendors on the streets and other public places for immediate consumption or consumption at other times without any processing steps and are welcomed by a wide range of people for reasons such as the economy and easier access. This study aimed to investigate the status of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn) in the most common street foods in Qom City, Iran, (Falafel, shoulders and wings) according to the particular cultural, social, pilgrimage, and tourism conditions of the city.

After preparing and collecting 18 samples of Falafel and 18 samples of shoulders and wings in the summer via quota stratified sampling method from supply and distribution centers in the city, the samples were transferred to the instrumental analysis laboratory of the faculty of health. After crushing, grinding, and weighing 2g of the samples, dry ashing was performed while maintaining the temperature program. White ash was dissolved in 5% nitric acid, and finally, the concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Al, and Mn in the samples were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).

According to this study, Mn, Al, and Pb metals had the highest concentrations in falafel, shoulder, and wing samples. Mean concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Pb and As in falafel samples were 10.07±9.82, 0.0005±0.0002, 0.0007±0.0003, 2.65±1.33, 24.50±11.91 µg/g, respectively, and in the shoulder & wing samples 11.12±7.70, 0.0009±0.0006, 0.050±0.018, 1.62±1.24, 18.50±14.64 µg/g, respectively. Also, the concentrations of Al, Pb, and Mn were higher than the standard level in all samples. The results showed that the mean concentration of As and Cd in Falafel, shoulder, and wing samples were less than the standard level.

According to the results of this study, the concentration of aluminum, lead, and manganese in all samples is higher than the standard level; it seems that if the necessary hygienic measures are not taken during the various stages of production and supply of these foods, it will seriously threaten the health of consumers. The usefulness and enjoyment of street food are essential factors in encouraging consumers to purchase this type of food, so with the widespread acceptance of this type of food by society, essential strategies should be adopted by health authorities to create a proper food culture in society by emphasizing the correct understanding of food safety hazards and the quality of food consumed.

The corrosion inhibition effect of Areca root extract on the mild steel (MS) surface in the 3 M HCl solution was examined by gasometric, colorimetric, Tafel plot, impedance and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Gasometric studies show that, the extract behaves as green corrosion inhibitor in the 3 M HCl system on the MS surface. The protection rate enhances with a rise in the plant extract concentration. Colorimetry studies show that, minimum weight loss observed at 0.4 g/L of plant extract. The minimum weight loss of MS in the 3 M HCl solution is an indication of protection property of Areca root extract. Atomic absorption spectroscopy technique shows that, increase in the amount of Areca root extract increases the protection inhibition property. Mixed corrosion inhibition property of Areca root extract was confirmed from the potentiodynamic polarization technique. Trend of charge transfer resistance values with different amounts of plant extract also supports the corrosion inhibition property of Areca root extract. SEM studies fully support the gasometric, colorimetric, Tafel plot, impedance and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques.

Background & Aims of the Study: Iranian food diet contains nutrients and herbal spices. From the most important challenges in relation to these spices is their pollution with various heavy metals. Thus, this study aims to characterize the amounts of heavy metals in collected spices from Hamedan city of Iran during 2015-2016.
180 samples of commercially accessible vegetal spices were collected from local stores all over the Hamedan city. The samples were weighted and dried in an electrical oven at 105 ±1 °C for 24 h. Then, samples were grounded to powder by a grinder. Afterwards, the samples were digested by adding 4 ml and 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. After filtration of samples, flamed atomic absorption used for detection of Zinc, Copper, Iron, Nickel, Manganese, Cadmium and Lead concentrations. For the statistical analysis of the results, SPSS version 21 was used. For examining data normality, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; to compare the mean concentration of elements between spice samples from Tukey test and in order to investigate the correlation between the average concentrations of the heavy metals in the samples, Pearson correlation test were used. Comparing mean concentration of elements with standard values was conducted, using one-sample t-test.
The mean concentrations of Cadmium as a toxic trace element were low in all samples and no risk threatens consumers. But, lead content in dried mint (6.04±0.85mg/kg) was high compared to the standard values. This trend was followed by cinnamon (4.88±1.32), turmeric (2.05±0.63), black pepper (1.51±0.63), sumac (1.17±1.08) and red pepper (0.72±0.85).
Lead in dried mint exceeded the standard value whose reason can be the increase of population, mining, industrialization, transportation and usage of chemical fertilizers, leading to the spread of environmental pollution. Thus, more serious health cares and regular periodic supervisions on food spices regarding pollution with this element seem necessary.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) and tin (Sn) in raw cow’s milk of traditional and industrial sites from 8 different sites in Arak City, Markazi Province, Iran. In this cross sectional study, a total of 32 samples were collected from sub-cities of Arak, Iran via subjective sampling method. Both industrial and traditional dairy farms were selected for sam­pling. Twenty-five gram of each sample was turned to ash in ovens for metal analyses including Hg, As, Ni and Sn by anatomic absorption spectrometer. The residue amounts of Hg and As were lower than permissible limit suggested by Codex Alimentarius, but for Ni and Sn it was higher only in one of the collection sites. The average concentra­tion of Hg was significantly higher (P<0.05) in traditional farms as compared to industrial farms. Be­sides, amounts of Sn was significantly high in the traditional farms (P<0.05). Further, a high contents Ni was detected in industrial farms (P<0.05). High Sn and Ni contents of some milk samples from this region might be potentially hazardous to consumers. Further, none of the other metals tested crossed permissible levels.

In the present study, the concentrations of three heavy metals including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) in 72 different honey samples collected from North-Western regions of Iran were investigated using atomic absorption spectroscopy method. All metals were detected in 88.88% of the honey samples. The range of metals contamination in honey samples was 0.01 to 11.09 ppm. Zn was the most abundant metal, with an average concentration of 4.41±2.4 ppm. The mean levels of Pb (0.12 ppm) and Zn (6.84 ppm) in honey samples of East Azerbaijan Province was significantly higher than average level of these metals in honeys from other provinces. Based on the results of this study and compared with recommended daily intakes, the heavy metal content of honey samples was not harm and is unlikely to cause any intoxication following honey consumption.

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed countries. Several trace elements were reported to be changed in diabetic nephropathy.. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in serum levels of zinc, copper and chromium and their association with the incidence of ESRD in patients with diabetes..Patients and This study was performed on 70 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (macro and micro-albuminuria) and 70 healthy individuals. Samples were collected to survey metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed by SPSS18 using descriptive and inferential analysis methods.. Mean ± SD levels of Zn, Cu and Cr were significantly decreased in blood samples of patients compared to healthy subjects (P < 0.01). Also the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cr in drinking water of Sari were lower than the accepted limit. Only in one case, Cu was higher than the accepted limit, which was the possibility of contamination by water supply pipes.. Cu, Zn and Cr play a specific role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Meanwhile in these patients, low serum levels of Cu, Zn and Cr were not associated with factors such as drinking water. Possible causes should be sought in other factors like urine, intervention factors in absorption and utilization and individual conditions..

Scutellaria luteo-caerulea Bornm. & Snit. is one of the species of genus Scutellaria, within the family of the Lamiaceae, that is used for immune system stimulation and antibacterial effects in traditional medicine in Iran. The aims of this study were to analyze essential oils and mineral element contents of leaves of S. luteo-caerulea in flowering stage of development. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of S. luteo-caerulea and were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Moreover, microwave digestion with atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used for the mineral elements assay. Ninety-seven constituents were detected. Between them, the major components were trans-caryophyllene (25.4%), D-germacrene (7.9%), and linalool (7.4%). Determination of mineral elements showed that the highest minerals were Ca2+ (65.14±1.95 µg/ml) and K+ (64.67±3.10 µg/ml). Presence of different essential oils and rich sources of Ca2+ and K+ candidate this plant as an auxiliary medication in different diseases, but more complementary researches are needed about its potency and side effects.

In This study some vegetables'' (mint, leek, radish and scallion) cadmium and lead metals level was investigated in two areas (west, east) of Mashhad from May to October 2011. The amount of heavy metals was determined by graphite atomic absorption after acidic digestion of the samples and the data were analyzed. The results indicated that maximum and minimum level of lead concentration was found in two areas: scallion of east (42.13mg/kg) and radish of west (17.76 mg/kg) respectively which were Leek (0.89 mg/kg) and scallion (0.22) of east for cadmium. The survey of heavy metals is needed to assess health hazards, food safety, and security.

 This research was conducted to determine the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and orthophosphates in the soil of the river bed from Zayandehrood dam to Gavkhoni wetland. 

 This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Zayandehrood river of Isfahan, central area of Iran. Seventeen points were sampled through the upstream, Zayandehrood Dam, and downstream, Gavkhooni Wetland, of the river. The samples were selected from soil of the river bed at certain locations during 6 months. Heavy metals and orthophosphates analysis was done by Atomic Absorption and Spectrophotometry methods, respectively. 

 The results indicated that concentration of heavy metals and orthophosphates increased from upstream to Choom bridge in downstream of the river and then decreased from this point to Govkhooni wetland. In the first sampling point, the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and orthophosphates were 29, 9, 51, 83, 49, and 570 mg/kg (dried weight). For Choom bridge it were 1413, 406, 289, 123, 86, and 104 mg/kg and in the wetland were 820, 24, 49, 68, 87, and 88 mg/kg (dried weight), respectively. 

 The metal concentration from the first point to Choom bridge has been increased and then has been decreased in the wetland. The maximum amount of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in the river bed was higher than and closer to maximum allowed concentration of heavy metals in soil (mg/kg dried weight) and for Cr was within normal limits. Industrial plants located on the banks of the river, widening of the river in downstream and entering the drainages to the river are among effective factors in these changes.