جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « atomic absorption spectroscopy » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Fish are consumed worldwide due to their nutritional and health benefits; however, heavy metal pollution is compromising their safety. This study aimed to determine heavy metal safety in water and fish, specifically tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus), collected from Bunza River in Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Water and fish samples underwent analysis for zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The obtained values were then utilized to assess the associated health risks.

The atomic absorption spectroscopy of fish revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) between heavy metal concentrations in the fish organs and FAO/WHO standards. It indicated non-tolerable concentrations of copper (1.77-5.24 mg kg-1) and lead (1.85-4.53 mg kg-1). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of Pb and Cd through fish consumption was above the recommended daily intake (RDI). However, the hazard quotient (HQ) and health risk index (HI) of all the heavy metals were within tolerable limits ( < 1). On water samples, non-tolerable levels of the heavy metals and significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed when compared with the standards. The water samples had average concentrations of Cu (4.64 ± 0.62 mg kg-1), Pb (1.78 ± 0.70 mg kg-1), Cd (0.50 ± 0.02 mg kg-1), and Zn (18.90 ± 3.08 mg kg-1). The average daily ingestion (ADI) and HQ of the heavy metals through the consumption of the water were above the recommended limits.

Based on the results, the fish and water samples could cause heavy metal-related toxicity. There is a need for policies aimed at decontaminating the river.

Among the numerous plant mineral supplements, potassium (K) projects as a cation showing the most grounded impact on quality properties that discourage- mine natural product attractiveness, customer inclination, and the concentration of fundamentally imperative human-health related phytonutrients. Be that as it may, numerous plant, soil, and natural variables frequently restrain satisfactory take-up of K from the soil in adequate sums to fulfill natural product K necessities amid advancement to optimize the previously mentioned quality traits. 

In this study, the atomic absorption method was used to check the total amount of potassium in tomatoes and melons. First, the plant sample was collected in spring (2021-2022) in Ilam city and dried in the shade, then it was prepared and the amount of potassium was measured by an atomic absorption device.

The results showed that the amount of potassium in tomatoes and Cucumis melo were about 330 and 352 mg/100gr, respectively.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy opens a scientific window into the potassium content of tomatoes and Cucumis melo, offering precise measurements and valuable insights. By bridging the gap between scientific analysis and nutritional awareness, this exploration enhances our appreciation for tomatoes and Cucumis melo not only a culinary delight but also a rich source of essential minerals.

Some trace element concentrations could also influence the development of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify certain trace minerals in serum in Iraqi patients with lung cancer and investigate the distribution of these elements compared to healthy people.

This study was carried out on 100 subjects, including the healthy group (n=35) and the lung cancer patient group (n=65), whose blood samples were kept in the Imam Hussein Center for Cancerous Tumors in Karbala Governorate, Iraq, in 2021. The samples were selected using a simple random sampling method. The level of zinc, copper lead, and cadmium were measured using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 6300. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software through independent T, ANOVA, Pearson, and Tukey HSD tests.

There was a significant difference between the serum concentration of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn between the healthy males with lung cancer males, and in Cd, and Zn between the healthy females with lung cancer females (p<0.05). Whereas, no significant difference was found between the Pb and Cu serum in healthy and lung cancer females (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA showed a significant difference in the serum concentration of minerals between the healthy and lung cancer subjects (p<0.05).

Serum zinc levels are lower in lung cancer patients than in healthy subjects, whereas serum lead, cadmium, and copper are higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy subjects.

The Kashmir and Ladakh Himalayan regions are having a rich diversity of buckwheat germplasm, which is an excellent source of nutrition and functional food. The objective of this study was based on comparative in vitro flavonoid, antioxidant, and mineral analyses of Fagopyrum species grown in these regions.

To achieve this goal, leaf samples from the four buckwheat species were subjected to antioxidant analysis. Besides, the mineral analysis of the groat samples of different buckwheat species was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).

Results indicated that the methanolic extract shows higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the samples of Fagopyrum sagittatum followed by Fagopyrum tataricum, Fagopyrum kashmirianum, and Fagopyrum esculentum. Total reducing power (TRP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion radical (SOR), and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) radical scavenging assays indicated excellent results from the leaf extracts of F. sagittatum. The results suggested that the crude methanolic extract of buckwheat species had effective reducing power, radical scavenging activity, and metal-chelating ability compared to other standard antioxidants. AAS analysis revealed that calcium content was higher in F. sagittatum (21,600 ppm), whereas the iron and zinc contents were higher in F. kashmirianum (1,122.5ppm) and F. sagittatum (166.75ppm), respectively.

Our study suggested that methanolic extracts of Fagopyrum species could act as a potent source of natural antioxidants to the pharmaceutical and food industry. In addition, the study also revealed that the rich elemental profiles of buckwheat species specify their therapeutic value and thus could be used as a potential biofortification crop.

Increased usage and improper management of electronic wastes result in immense environmental pollution. Although conventional techniques are well known for heavy metals removal from the environment, their high cost and severe environmental consequences indicate the urgent requirement of cost-effective methods of heavy metals uptake. Bioaccumulation can be considered as an alternative to the traditional methods in terms of their cost-effectiveness and maximum recovery of the metal ions. This study deals with the isolation of heavy metals tolerant Gram-positive bacterial strain, Bacillus licheniformis JAJ3, and its application in bioaccumulation of copper, lead, and nickel and bioleaching of heavy metals from electronic waste. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify the bacterial strain. The accumulation study was carried out in a liquid medium and analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Bioleaching activity was checked using the one-step procedure. For bioleaching studies of heavy metals, printed circuit boards (PCBs) were used as a source of electronic wastes. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to record the changes before and after experimental procedures. The organism was able to accumulate 98.6% copper, 64.6% lead, and 57.3% nickel. The bioaccumulation reaction followed pseudo-second order kinetics model (R2 value 0.92, 0.92, 0.99 for copper, lead, and nickel bioaccumulation respectively). Efficient bioleaching activity was shown by the strain. The experimental analyses confirmed that the strain is efficient in the bioleaching of heavy metals from electronic wastes and thus can be used in management of the electronic wastes.

Iron is an essential element used as supplement in different dosage-forms. Different time and expenditure-consuming methods introduced for detection and determination of elemental ions such as atomic absorption. In this research, two different and routine methods containing ATR-IR and atomic absorption were applied to define the amount of iron in 198 samples containing different concentrations of commercial iron drops and syrups and the output data of the methods was transferred to chemometric model to compare the accuracy and robustness of the methods. By applying this mathematical model, in addition to the confirmation of ATR-IR (a time and energy-saving method) as a replacement of AAS to produce the same results, chemometrical model was used to evaluate the output data in a faster and easier method.
At first, ATR-IR spectra data converted to normal matrix by SNV preprocessing approach. Then, a relationship between iron concentrations achieved by AAS and ATR-IR data was established using PLS-LS-SVM. Consequently, model was able to predict ~99% of the samples with low error-values (root mean square-error of cross-validation equal to 0.98). Y-permutation test performed to confirm that the model was not assessed accidentally.
Although, chemometric methods for detection of some heavy metals have been reported in the literature, combination of PLS-LS-SVM with ATR-IR was not cited. In this study a fast and robust method for iron assay was suggested.
As a result, ATR-IR can be a suitable method in detection and qualification of iron-content in pharmaceutical dosage with less energy-consumption but similar accuracy.

Seven majorly consumed brands of several teas (A1, A2, M1, M2, S, D, and C teas) were selected for the present study. In this study, the heavy metal contents including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were assessed in the black tea samples consumed in Iran. The content of the heavy metals in the samples was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Notably, the minimal amount of As (0.043 ± 0.006 ppm), Pb (0.040 ± 0.005 ppm), Cd (0.016 ± 0.001 ppm), and Cu (5.36 ± 0.49 ppm) concentrations were found in the M1, S, M2, and M2 teas, respectively; whereas, the maximal amount of As (0.287 ± 0.007 ppm), Pb (0.228 ± 0.002 ppm), Cd (0.101 ± 0.040 ppm), and Cu (37.4 ± 0.53 ppm) concentrations were found in the D, A1, M1, and D teas, respectively. Considering the present safety standards, the tea versions selected in this study were determined to be fit and safe for human consumption.

The potential toxicity of human exposure was investigated to heavy metals from diverse sources but few or none was on Iranian soaps. Hence, we aimed to determine the presence of lead and mercury in selected soaps commonly used in Mashhad, northeastern Iran.
Different common brands of cosmetic, hygiene and contraband soaps were purchased from retail market of Mashhad in 2016. Levels of these metals were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy technique.
All samples had the mercury and lead levels but did not exceed the maximum acceptable level (1 µg/g for mercury and 20 µg/g for lead) recommended by FDA. The mean levels of mercury were 0.02, 0.08 and 0.23 µg/g, respectively in cosmetic, hygiene and contraband soaps. These levels for lead were 0.10, 0.19 and 0.13 µg/g. The highest mercury and lead levels were detected in Halazoon contraband and P hygiene brands, respectively.
The content of mercury and lead in common soaps is currently not a concern in this city. However, as human body may be exposed to several toxic metals from different care products simultaneously, cumulative toxic effects of these metals must be considered important.

This study was done to determine the concentration of heavy metals including Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) and nutrients element Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in a simple and whole wheat Macaroni in the valid different supermarkets in Tehran. 254 samples from seven Iranian simple Macaroni, four foreign simple Macaroni, and two Iranian whole wheat macaroni were purchased consecutively in 3 seasons of 2015. Results were determined as mean ± SD of dry weight from three replicates in each test. The samples were analyzed by wet digestion method and standardized international protocols were followed for the preparation of material and analysis of mineral and heavy metals contents and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentration in milligrams per kilogram of dry matter for Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc were determined. According to the results, the mean contents of Lead in the simple Iranian, imported and Iranian whole wheat Macaroni were 2.897, 3.070 and 0.636, amount of Cadmium were 0.469, 0.620 and 0.920, Copper mean contents were 1.563, 11.866 and 7.085 and finally mean level of Zinc were 16.296, 28.425 and 36.318 mg/kg respectively. The mean concentration of Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc between in whole wheat and simple macaroni samples has a significant difference (P

Heavy metals such as cadmium and lead are the most important toxins spreading through various ways like water, soil, and air in nature and easily enter human food chain. It is essential to determine the cumulative and harmful effects of these metals in nutrients, especially in cow milk because it is a unique source of food for all ages and it contains both essential and nonessential trace elements.
A total of 100 milk samples were directly collected from healthy cows in Zabol located on east of Iran. The samples were tested to determine lead and cadmium residues. The rates of the heavy metals were determined using a Rayleigh atomic absorption spectrum equipped with hollow cathode lamps (HCL) at 283.3 nm for lead (Pb) and at 228.8 nm for cadmium (Cd). By using the photo-catalytic titanium dioxide nanoparticles, these toxic metals were removed.
The mean ± SD of the concentration of lead and cadmium in raw milk were 9.175± 2.5 and 4.557 ± 1.081 ppb, respectively. Also, the P-values of Kalmogorov– Smiranov test for lead and cadmium were respectively 0.057 ppb (P>0.05) and 0.435 ppb (P>0.05). TiO2 nanoparticles were used to eliminate and remove lead and cadmium in milk samples. The results showed that there was a significant difference between lead and cadmium contents before and after adding TiO2 nanoparticles (P According to results of this study, there was a very low amount of toxic metals. So, it seems that it is not necessary to use TiO2 in milk samples but these days it used frequently as an additive to some samples like milk to remove these pollutants.

Soil pollution due to toxic metals released by industrial activities such as cement production is a serious problem from the standpoints of the environment and public health, because they tend to persist, circulating indefinitely and, eventually, accumulating throughout the food chain..
This paper presents the results of the first research study into the distribution of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soils around the Hegmatan cement factory, located in the Hamedan province of western Iran..
Twenty instances of 20-cm depth soil samples were collected from the northern, southern, eastern, and western axes of the factory from two distances. Soil samples were subjected to a pseudo acid digestion, an HNO3, and an HCl procedure. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were detected using the AAS..
Based on the results of the laboratories analysis, a wide range in concentrations of Pb was found in the soil samples. The mean concentration of Pb was found to be 5.12 ± 5.74 mg/kg. The Cd concentration in soil samples exhibited a narrow range of variations, with a mean concentration of Cd in that soil of 0.13 ± 0.038 mg/kg. There were no significant differences observed in the content of Pb and Cd at different distances from the factory. Further, the results revealed that there was a significant difference between the north, south, and western sampling sites, with the highest soil cadmium concentration in the south..
The Cd and Pb concentrations in all soil samples of the study area were less than the value of maximum allowable limit for Cd and Pb in soils, showing these metals in the studied area are considered safe. Human activities have had less influence on lead and cadmium concentration in soils in these locations. Therefore, the total Cd and Pb content found in these soils may be from parent materials..

Leishmaniasis is a widespread tropical infection, which has a high incidence rate in Iran. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are two forms of this disease. In this study, we investigated if selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels diff er in diff erent forms of leishmaniasis. To determine if leishmaniasis has eff ects on trace elements status, they were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in patients (n = 155, 95 CL and 60 VL) and control group (n = 100). Our fi ndings indicate that there is a signifi cant diff erence in the values of Se and Zn between control and patient groups (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Se and Zn levels were 3.65 ± 0.88 and 67.24 ± 18.76 μg/dL in the leishmaniasis patients, and these values were observed to be statistically lower compared to the control groups (11.10 ± 2.37 and 119.61 ± 26.18 μg/dL, respectively). Meanwhile, no signifi cant diff erence in status of Cu was found between the cases (110.55 ± 29.25 μg/dL) and healthy subjects (91.42 ± 27.54 μg/dL) (P > 0.05). When the patients were divided into two groups, there appeared to be a signifi cant decrease (P < 0.001) in Se concentration for VL patients (2.57 ± 0.64 μg/dL) compared with CL patients (4.33 ± 1.06 μg/dL). Based on these results, serum Se and Zn levels could be a useful marker for the pathophysiology of leishmaniasis.

Immunological, endocrinological, haematological and neurological abnormalities are relatively common in people with Down''s syndrome (DS). Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn) are elements that act in the maintenance of normal function of these systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the concentration of these elements on DS symptoms. This case-control study was done from April to October 2011. Serum trace elements including Zn, Cu, Se and Mn were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in 56 patients with DS and 60 healthy subjects. There was no significant difference in the values of Cu and Se between two groups (p>0.05). While, Zn and Mn levels were found to be significantly decreased in patients with DS compared to the control group (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Results of this study indicate zinc and manganese deficiency in more than 60% of DS patients. Some of the problems experienced by people with DS may be due to changed level of these trace elements.