جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "auditory processing disorder" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Perception of speech in noise (SIN) is based on the accurate extraction of spectral and temporal cues. Disruption of this process can reduce the productivity of the spectral and temporal features of the target stimulus and speech recognition in noise. Auditory processing disorder is one of the main challenges of people with stroke, which leads to social, mental, and even physical failures. This study aimed to investigate the spectral and temporal processing abilities of people with stroke compared to healthy peers.

In this study, participants were 15 patients with stroke referred to the neurology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital and 30 healthy people aged 20–60 years. Spectral Modulation Detection Test (SMDT), Pitch Pattern Sequencing Test (PPST), Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and QuickSIN tests were performed for all participants. The mean scores of the two groups were compared.

Patients with stroke had poorer performance in SMDT, PPST, RGDT and QuickSIN tests (p<0.001) compared to healthy subjects. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between SIN test with temporal and spectral processing in the normal group, but the correlation pattern was different in people with stroke. The scores of all the tests were not significantly different between the right and left ears.

The results showed that people with stroke have poorer performance in all tests compared to normal people and have more problems in speech perception in challenging areas.

 Auditory processing disorder (APD) is due to the deficits in perceptual processing of acoustic information in the auditory system, characterized by poor speech perception of noise, regardless of normal hearing. The variability in speech function of APD children can be partly explained by changes in the encoding of spectro-temporal modulations (STMs) which have been overlooked, despite their significance. Given that enhancing STM sensitivity and its processing can be an appropriate way to improve the listener’s ability to retrieve and integrate speech segments covered by noise, we decided to evaluate the effects of STM-based auditory training on speech perception in noise and the reliability of this training in children with APD.

 Thirty-five children with APD (8-12 years old) were randomly divided into the training (n=17) and control groups (n=18) to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of STM training on speech in noise perception. The intervention group was trained to detect STM by 120 trials every day for ten days. The STM detection thresholds and speech perception in noise were evaluated before and immediately after the finalization of formal training sessions in both groups. To address the training reliability, the tests were repeated one month after practice in the training group. 

 Following the completion of STM auditory training, the trained APD children improved notably in STM detection tasks and speech in noise tests (P<0.05). The post-training progress of STM detection thresholds and consonant-vowel in the noise test was preserved for one month after training (P>0.05), but the word in the noise test, especially in the right ear, was not retained (P<0.05).

 Auditory spectro-temporal modulation training can lead to better processing of STM modulation. Its effects can be generalized to higher-order processing, such as speech perception in noise. Auditory training based on STM processing enhancement can play an essential role in improving speech comprehension in the noise abilities of children with APD.

Early detection of auditory processing disorders (APD) is essential for preventing learning and educational problems in school-aged children. It is crucial to take into account the comorbidity with APD, as well. The goal of APD screening is to obtain the basic information about those with auditory disorders to be referred for further evaluation. This study aimed to identify the elementary school students at risk of APD in Tehran, Iran.

Participants were the parents of 536 children selected from 11 elementary schools in four districts of Tehran city. The schools in each district were selected by a random clustering method. The auditory system of students was first evaluated. The parents were then asked to complete the Persian version of the auditory processing domain questionnaire (APDQ).

The prevalence of APD was 3.3% in girls and 8.3% in boys and the difference between them was statistically significant (p=0.021). The overall prevalence of APD was 4.6% based on the cut-off points of four APDQ domains, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6.

It is necessary to screen APD in school-aged children to minimize learning and educational problems in them. Moreover, there is a need for developing screening methods to provide timely detection and appropriate intervention for those at risk of APD.

Auditory processing disorder (APD), as a sensory processing defect, can be comorbid with other disorders such as learning disability (LD). LD has shown a greater likelihood of comorbidity with APD. Therefore, the deficits associated with APD needs to be identified in children with LD.
Given the high likelihood of APD comorbidity in children with LD, this study aimed to screen for APD in 8−12-year-old children with LD using the Persian auditory processing domains questionnaire (APDQ-P).

In this cross-sectional study, APDQ-P was administered on 250 normal children with a mean (SD) age of 10 (1.48) years old (153 girls and 97 boys), and 110 children with LD with a mean (SD) age of 9 (1.92) years old (40 girls and 61 boys). After obtaining the cut-off point, the scores of the two groups were compared by a t-test in 5 age categories. Finally, we calculated the number of children with suspected APD using APDQ-P.

There was a significant difference between the scores of LD and normal group in all subscales including auditory processing, language and attention. About 75% of LD children failed in auditory processing, 86% in attention skills, and 82% in language skills.

A significant proportion of children with LD were suspected of APD, which could be indicative of a high likelihood of comorbidity of APD in children with LD. More accurate identification of the degree and type of APD in these children requires central auditory diagnostic tests.

Chronic otitis media with effusion (CME) primarily affects children. Temporary auditory deprivation is a serious complication of this disease and can result in auditory processing disorder, as demonstrated in past studies. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of CME duration on binaural processing and amblyaudia. Ninety-four children were examined, including 48 children (29 girls=60%) with different CME durations (from 3 months to more than 9 months) and 46 children (34 girls=73%) with no history of CME or a duration of less than 3 months CME. Persian versions of the dichotic digits and dichotic rhyme tests were applied. Significant differences between the groups (P<0.001) in dichotic digits difference (DDD) and dichotic rhyme difference (DRD) in free recall conditions were identified. With longer durations of CME, the DDD and DRD average scores were increased in the CME positive group, and the probability of amblyaudia was also enhanced. A history of CME and the long-term auditory deprivation resulting from it in early childhood can increase the risk of amblyaudia.

One of the most prevalent problems in auditory processing disorder (APD) is in decoding. This problem is at the phonemic level and can difficulties in spelling, reading, speech processing disorder, responding delay, phonemic identification, memory, and manipulation. One of the training approaches for decoding problems is the phonemic training program. Considering high prevalence of decoding problems and lack of evaluation of the Persian version of the phonemic training program, this study investigated its efficacy in a child with APD. This is a single-subject interventional study. A child with APD was selected and evaluated with Persian version of Phonemic Synthesis Test and staggered spondee words test at baseline, training, and monitoring phase. Data were analyzed by single-subject study statistics. All results showed absolute efficacy of the training. The phonemic training program was effective in a child with auditory processing disorder.

Auditory processing disorders may have detrimental consequences on a child’s life, if undiagnosed and untreated. The multiple auditory processing assessment (MAPA), as a valid model, has been introduced for central auditory processing assessment and diagnosis in school children. The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate the Persian version of MAPA for auditory pro­cessing assessment in 9-12 year-old school children.
The present study was conducted in two phases. First, the Persian version of the MAPA, consisting of five subtests, namely the monaural selective auditory attention, the trip­let dichotic digits test, competing sentences, quadruple pitch pattern test and Tap test was developed and compiled into a CD. Second, to assess the Persian version of MAPA, a study was conducted on 300 children of both genders, aged 9-12, who were selected from seven nor­mal primary schools. The children’s normal peripheral hearing was ensured through scree­ning, and then central auditory system was assessed through the Persian version of MAPA.
The results showed that the mean scores obtained in each of the five subtests increased with age (p>0.0001), and no signi­ficant differences was observed between the gender in the mean scores obtained in any of the five subtests (p>0.05). The results con­firmed high reliability of each of the tests as well as the mean score of all the five subtests (ICC=0.91).
The Persian version of the MAPA has a high validity and test-retest reliability for the assessment of auditory processing in 9-12 year-old Persian-speaking children.

The aim of the present study was to assess the auditory lateralization ability in children with (central) auditory processing disorder. Participants were divided in two groups: 15 children with Central Auditory Processing Disorder (8-10 years) and 80 normal children (8-11 years) from both genders with pure-tone air-conduction thresholds better than 20 dB HL bilaterally and interaural pure tone threshold difference better than 5 dB. All subjects had normal IQ and normal otoscopy: In the present study 9 imaginary positions were simulated in horizontal plane by Interaural Time Difference (ITD) and Interaural Intensity Difference (IID) to evaluate the auditory lateralization performance in normal and children with (central) Auditory Processing Disorder (C)APD. Lateralization performance were determined by ITD ranging from -880 to +880 microsecond and IID ranging from -10 to +10 dB for high pass and low pass noise(2 kHz cut off point). Boltzmann function was used to describe the auditory lateralization performance and Independent Samples T-test was used to compare the two groups. according to Boltzmann function two major types of abnormalities were revealed in the lateralization performances: 1- completely disoriented, 2- side-oriented. 86.6% of (C)APD children showed significant increase in mean of test errors compared with normal ones (p<0.001). The study supports the hypothesis that most children with (C)APD have poor auditory lateralization and abnormal processing of binaural cues.