جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "based study" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Objective (s): During recent years fertility rate is decreasing in Iran. This study aimed to assess fertility desire and its correlates in Tehran, Iran. This was population-based study. A sample of married individuals living in all 22 districts in Tehran recruited and were asked whether they intend to have a child at present. Participants were interviewed via a structured questionnaire including items on socio-demographic and reproductive information. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between fertility desire and independent variables. In all 1200 individuals (600 male and 600 female) were interviewed. The mean age of participants was 33.6 (SD = 7.31) years. Overall 36.8% of respondents indicated that they wish to have a child while the remaining 68.2 said that they did not. The results obtained from logistic regression analysis showed that infertility disinterest was associated with marriage duration (OR = 0.91, P = 0.0001, male gender (OR = 1.45, P = 0.02), number of children at present (OR = 2.9, P = 0.0001), poor income (OR = 2.77, P = 0.0001). Other independent variables also showed association in the expected direction, but the associations were not significant. These preliminary findings could shed some light on the topic. It seems there is need to conduct a national survey to have a better insight on fertility desire among Iranians.

Normal menstruation is one of important indicators of the general health of reproductive-aged women. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders and its related factors.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among women participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a population-based study aimed identify the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases from March 2013 to 2014. A total of 1393 women, aged 15-49 yr were included and all pregnant, breastfeeding and menopausal women were excluded. Socio-demographic characteristics and menstruation patterns were assessed by a standardized ad-hoc questionnaire. Menstruation was categorized based on last FIGO definitions. Data analyzed using SPSS version 11.0 (SPSS-Inc., Chicago-IL), 0.05 was set as significant level.

Mean age of participants was 37.7 (11) y. The results showed that 64.1% of subjects had normal menstruation and 35.8% experienced different forms of menstrual disorders. Heavy menstrual bleeding was one of the most prevalent disorders (17.2%). Prevalence of menstrual disorders was statistically higher in women <20 yr (47.7%) and ≥40yr (45.5%) than women between the 20-40 yr age range (P=0.001). Irregular menstrual bleeding in >20 yr, heavy menstrual bleeding in 20-40 yr and ≥ 40yr were the most common menstrual disorders. The results remain unchanged for age and BMI after adjustment for potential confounders (OR: 1.08, CI 95%: 1.07-3.97; P<0.03), (OR: 1.05, CI 95%: 1.02-5.04; P<0.04), respectively.

Our findings showed that menstrual disorders are prevalent as one-third of reproductive aged women suffer from one or more menstrual disorders. Understanding the prevalence of menstrual disorders could help health care providers to identify some serious diseases, and prioritize strategies to promote these women’s quality of life.

To determine prevalence and associated factors of refractive errors in elderly population of Yazd, Iran. This is a cross-sectional population-based survey performed between 2010 and 2011. The participants were among the subjects aged from 40 to 80 years old. The samples were selected from urban and rural inhabitants using multi-stage random cluster sampling design. All participants underwent manifest refraction, visual acuity measurements, retinoscopy and funduscopy. Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and anisometropia were defined as, spherical equivalent (SE) > -0.50 D, > 0.50 D, cylinder power > 0.5 D, as well as a difference of 1 D or higher in SE of the right and left eyes, respectively. Of 2320 individuals selected, 2098 (90.4%) subjects participated in the study. out of which, 198 subjects were excluded due to previous surgical history. Prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia were 36.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]; 33.6-39.4%), 20.6% 95% CI; 17.9-23.3%), 53.8% (95% CI; 51.3-56.3%), 11.9% (95% CI; 10.4-13.4%), respectively. Myopia ≥ -6 D and hyperopia ≥ +4 D were observed in 2.3% (95% CI; 1.6-2.9%) and 1.2% (95% CI; 0.6-1.8%)of participants, respectively. Multiple logistic regression model shows that myopia prevalence significantly increased in female subjects. In addition, the prevalence of hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia directly correlated with age. With-therule, against-the-rule and oblique astigmatisms prevalence were 35.7%, 13.4% and 4.6%, respectively; prevalence of against-the-rule astigmatism increased from 27.6% among 40-49 year-old subjects to 55.2% among 70-80 year-old subjects (OR=1.044, 95%CI, 1.034-1.054, P<0.001). With-the rule astigmatism prevalence was significantly higher in women (P=0.038). More than half of the study population had at least one refractive error; myopia and astigmatism prevalence were found to be considerably higher compared to previous studies in Iran. As the refractive errors are a main cause of avoidable visual impairment, high prevalence of refractive errors in this study is important from a public health perspective.