جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « bcl2 » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Royal jelly (RJ) has a broad range of pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, and anti-apoptotic. The current study aimed to investigate RJ impacts on cell survival by measuring the amount of telomerase enzyme, protein BCL2, and BAX in different tissues of rats.

In this study, male Wistar rats (n=21) were randomly divided into 3 groups; Group 1 was the control group. Group 2 and group 3 were treated with royal jelly at a concentration of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for 30 days, respectively. The contents of Bax, BCL-2, and telomerase in the tissues Brain, Liver, Kidney, and lymphocytes were measured using the ELISA method.

Telomerase increased in all the tissues involved in both treatment groups compared to the control group; however, the changes were not statistically significant. Although BAX and BCL-2 proteins showed irregular patterns, the ratio of BAX/BCL-2 declined in almost all the studied tissues with a significant decline in the rats’ liver and kidney treated with RJ at the dose of 300 mg/kg and in the lymphocytes of the group administered 150 mg/kg of RJ.

RJ appears to have potential anti-apoptotic effects on the rats’ tissues studied via regulating the levels of BAX, BCL-2, and telomerase proteins. Regarding telomerase, its levels increased in a dose-dependent manner in all involved tissues. Concerning the ratio of BAX/BCL-2, it is sensible to conclude that RJ tends to positively impact the cell survival rate at the dose of 300 mg/kg in the brain, Liver, and Kidney. Nonetheless, this ratio decreased more significantly at the dose of 150 mg/kg in lymphocytes, showing more potential to survive brain cells in this concentration.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, characterized by remarkable molecular heterogeneity. This study evaluates the prevalence of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 gene rearrangements among Iranian DLBCL patients. This historical cohort study encompassed 152 patients drawn from six reference hospitals who participated in the research. Interphase dual-color break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DLBCL specimens categorized as "not otherwise specified" alongside 20 normal controls. Survival data was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-Rank test. Among the patients, 7 (4.8%), 4 (2.9%), and 15 (10.2%) exhibited MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements, respectively. Additionally, 1.5% of the patients demonstrated double-hit (DH) characteristics with both MYC and BCL2 rearrangements, while no triple rearrangements were observed. The presence of rearrangements appeared to be independent of clinicopathological variables. Patients with rearrangements experienced reduced survival durations, with reductions of 26.6, 31.2, 9.1, and 34.2 months for MYC, BCL2, BCL6-rearranged, and DH tumors, respectively (P > 0.05). Adverse prognosis was associated with age, activated B-cell-like phenotype, disease stage, B symptoms, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and risk grouping according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) International Prognostic Index. DLBCL cases featuring MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 translocations are relatively rare. Patients harboring these rearrangements tend to exhibit aggressive disease progression with shortened overall survival. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance, necessitating further research to validate the incorporation of such tests into the routine workup of DLBCL patients.

  For patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the long-term survival rate is still very low. This study examines the effects on AML cell lines of an indole chemical in its free and liposomal forms.

In this experimental case control study, an AML-originated KG-1 cell line was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium. The cells were treated with the free and liposomal forms of an indole compound (C18H10N2F6O) at different concentrations of 20, 40, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL after they attained the proper confluence. The cellular metabolic activity was examined by an MTT assay. The expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes was investigated by q-PCR to assess the apoptotic effect of that compound. The analysis was also done between each experimental group and the control group using t-test. P<0.05 was assumed significant.

Based on the MTT assay, the lethal effective dose of free indole was found to be 245.1 µg/ml and 164.8 µg/ml in 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The corresponding values for liposomal indole were 47.2 µg/ml and 40.6 µg/ml. Furthermore, treatment with free and liposomal forms of indole resulted in a decline in the expression level of the BCL-2 gene. However, in the case of the liposomal compound, this decrease was only statistically significant after 48 hours of treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of BAX gene increased after treatment with both free and liposomal forms of indole, but it significantly increased only after treatment with the liposomal compound (p < 0.05).

These results suggest that an indole derivative, especially when liposomal, causes apoptosis in AML cells, hence exhibiting cytotoxic effects. To confirm the potential usefulness of this indole derivative as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting tumor progression in the setting of human malignancies, more studies on physiologically relevant models are necessary.

 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells with the ability of multi-potency, pluripotency, and self-renewal. MSCs show great promise in cancer therapy due to their unique features. MSC secrete various cytokines with multifunctional properties, although their roles are unclear.

 We have investigated the influence of secreted cytokines from MSCs on KG-1 cells as a cell model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). For this purpose, following the culture and characterization of MSCs, a trans-well system was used for co-culturing MSCs and KG-1. To determine apoptosis induction Ki/Caspase-3 assay was conducted for cultured KG-1 alone and in co-culture with MSCs (10:1) on day 7. In the following step, the protein was isolated from both groups (control and experimental) and western blotting was done for investigating the BAX and BCL-2 proteins expression.

 It was found that MSCs significantly enhanced caspase-3 activity in KG-1 cells (P<0.05). Besides, A significant increase in protein expression of BAX was detected, while BCL-2 displayed a dramatic reduction (P<0.01).

 As a concluding remark, MSCs have a contributory role in the apoptosis of KG-1 cells that is mediated by Caspase-3, BAX, and BCL2 expression.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common kinds of malignancy in men, with a significant morbidity and mortality rate. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of Cpe on the expression of bak, bax, fas, bcl2, cyclin D1, and cyclin E genes on DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. In the present study, the pBudCE4.1-CPE recombinant vector and empty plasmid were individually transformed into the DU145 cell line using the Lipofectamine 2000 protocol. The presence of each vector was checked by PCR. The cpe gene expression in transfected DU145 was assessed. Expression of apoptotic genes (fas, bcl2, bak, and bax) and cell cycle progression genes (cyclin E and cyclin D1) was maintained in transfected and untransfected DU145 cells. Statistical analyses revealed that the expression of bak, bax, and fas were considerably higher in cells transfected with a recombinant vector (P < 0.05). bcl2 and cyclin E and cyclin D1 genes expression decreased significantly in vector transfected DU145 cells when compared with the cells transfected by an empty plasmid or untransfected ones. Cpe expression could suppress DU145 growth by affecting cell apoptosis. The expression of cpe in the DU145 cell line was tested for the first time and confirms its probable effect on similar cells. According to the findings of this study, cpe gene in a recombinant vector might be a candidate vaccine for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Aloe vera is one of the most widely recognized herbs considered a valid treatment option for its wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effectiveness of its anti-tumor activity on colon cancer.

In this study, therefore, we investigated the effect of Aloe vera on the proliferation and survival of the HT29 colon cancer cell line.

The effect of processed Aloe vera gel (PAG) on colon carcinogenesis was examined using low glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 10% serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in the HT29 cells. Then, we obtained the expression levels of P53 and BCL2 using the immunocytochemical (ICC) method. To determine the viability of the HT29 cells, we also performed the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

The MTT assay showed that the HT29 cells were viable in 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of Aloe vera gel (AVG). However, these cells had a more obvious proliferation in the 10% Aloe vera group than in the control group. In the 10% concentration group, mitotic cells were evident in the center of the colonies. The P53 protein expression decreased, but the BCL2 protein expression remained unchanged in the 10% group compared to the control group.

The results, therefore, indicated that in the 10% Aloe vera concentration, the expression levels of P53, knownas a tumor suppressor protein in colon cancer, decreased in HT29. Our results also showed that the application of Aloe vera for its anti-tumor activity in colon cancer should be further evaluated.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common mouth cancer in the world. The aim of the present study is comparing the effects of using Nanocurcumin, and photodynamic therapy (PDT), alone or together in treatment of OSCC in rats.

Forty Wister male rats were divided into Control (group 1), 650 nm diode Laser only (group 2), Nanocurcumin alone (group 3), and PDT with a combination of laser with Nanocurcumin (group 4). Then, OSCC in the tongue induced by dimethylbenz anthracene (DMBA). The treatments were evaluated clinically, histopathologically, and immunohistochemically through BCL2 and Caspase-3 genes expression.

 Positive control with OSCC displayed significant weight loss, while PDT group gained more than nanocurcumin treated groups as well as laser groups comparing with control positive group.
The histological examination of the tongue in PDT group showed improvement. In laser group, there were partial loss of surface epithelium with various ulcers and dysplasia and partial improvement by this type of treatment. The tongue in the positive control group showed ulcer in the dorsum surface with inflammatory cells, hyperplasia of the mucosa membrane around the ulcer (acanthosis) with increase of dentition, vacuolar degeneration of prickle cell layer and increase mitotic activity of basal cell layer together with dermal proliferation.

Under the condition of the present study, PDT using nanocurcumin photosensitizer was effective in the treatment of OSCC regarding clinical, histological and gene expression of BCL2 and Caspase-3.

Emerging evidence suggests that KRAS could play an important role in squamous cell carcinoma; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of KRAS, Ki-67, Cyclin D1, and Bcl2 in OSCC and their association with clinicopathological features.

Forty paraffin blocks of retrospective histologically diagnosed cases of OSCC and 20 blocks of oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia were obtained from two hospitals between 2018 and 2021. The paraffin-embedded tissue was analyzed for the expression of kras for oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC, and ki-67, Cyclin D1, and bcl2 were analyzed only for OSCC. The results were correlated with each other and with different clinicopathological features and were statistically analyzed.

KRAS expression was significantly associated with histological tumor grade, tumor extent, presence of nodal and distant metastasis, pathological stage, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (P=<0.001, 0.001, 0.001, 0.009, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The kras expression was positively correlated with the histological grade, tumor extent, nodal status, and the pathological stage (r=0.712, 0.649, 0.646, and 0.865, respectively). A positive correlation was also found with the expression of Bcl2, Cyclin D1, and Ki-67 (r=0.81, 0.723, and 0.698, respectively). The kras expression in oral epithelial dysplasia was significantly lower than that in OSCC (P=0.003).

KRAS may be a potential prognostic marker for OSCC and may play a role in its progression.

Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with extensive anti-bacterial effects.Levofloxacin is widely used for treatment of urinary and vaginal infections.

This research surveyed the cytotoxicity effects of levofloxacin on ovarian follicles of mice in both in vitroand in vivoconditions, as well as its anticancer effect on human ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3).

For in vitrostudy, the ovaries of animals were isolated and treated with levofloxacin at doses of 1, 2, 5, and 10 μg/ml for 6 days. For in vivostudy, animals were treated with levofloxacin at concentrations of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 24 days. Histopathological and morphological examinations of ovarian tissues were performed. Real-time PCR and Western Blot techniques were performed to analyze apoptosis-related genes and proteins of ovarian tissues.

Levofloxacin at higher concentrations caused morphological changes and remarkably decreased the number of primary, secondary, and adult follicles compared to the control group. The percentage of viable SKOV3 cells was 10.12%, 7.63%, and 2.17% following exposure to levofloxacin (at a concentration of 800 μg/ml) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of levofloxacin against SKOV3 was found to be 181.1, 74.84, and 27.58 μg/ml at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The percentage of SKOV3 cells apoptosis following exposure to levofloxacin after 72 h at 20, 80, and 200 μg/ml doses was 11%, 42%, and 52%, respectively. Real-time PCR revealed up-regulation of Baxand Caspase-3genes after exposure to levofloxacin in SKOV3 cells, whereas the expression of Bcl2was significantly decreased in a concentration-depended manner.

The present study demonstrates that levofloxacin induces apoptosis of both ovarian follicles and human ovarian cancer cell lines

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer that, despite recent progress, its existing therapies do not have sufficient efficiency, and scientists are trying to find complementary therapies. Medicinal plants, such as pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), attract a great deal of attention in this regard.

The present study aimed to assess the anticancer effects of pomegranate peel alcoholic extract (PPE) in the mouse cellular model (4T1) of breast cancer and investigate the related molecular mechanism of antiproliferative effects of the extract through the evaluation of the expression level of apoptosis genes (ie, BAX and BCL2).

For the accomplishment of the study objectives, after the preparation of PPE, an evaluation of cellular cytotoxicity was carried out using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. According to the MTT assay, the cells were treated for 24 h with selective doses of the extract. Then, ribonucleic acid extraction, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, and gene expression analysis of BAX and BCL2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed in this study.

The results showed that PPE reduced cancer cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The molecular analysis indicated that observed cell death could be due to an increase in the BAX/BCL2 ratio.

Overall, PPE can be proposed as a potential complementary therapy for breast cancer. However, further studies on animal models and clinical trials are needed to verify the clinical usage of such complementary drugs.

Hair loss is an emotional and stressful condition with an unpredictable profound impact on the social interactions of patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of grape sap on apoptosis in hair follicles.

This experimental study was performed on 126 male Wistar rats within a weight range of 30 ± 250 g. The rats were assigned into seven groups, namely bleomycin group, normal saline group, grape sap group (1 mg/kg), grape sap group (10 mg/kg), grape sap group (100 mg/kg), minoxidil group, and minoxidil plus grape sap group (100 mg/kg). The rats received bleomycin (1.7 mL/kg, four times with the interval of 5 days) and then were treated with grape sap for 21 days. The skin samples were taken from rats on days 7, 14, and 21 (i.e., the last day of the treatment).

The results showed a significant increase in the groups treated with grape sap, compared to the bleomycin-treated group in terms of the number of follicles, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels at the base of every follicle, hair growth length, total antioxidant capacity, and BCL2 gene expression. The use of grape sap showed beneficial effects on the reduction of hair fall.

According to the results, it seems that grape sap can be employed as a non-chemical drug due to its rich compounds, especially antioxidants, and decreases apoptosis in hair follicle cells through increasing the expression ratio of BCL2/BAX, thereby stimulating hair growth.

HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), as a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a highly cited transcript modulating variety of signaling pathways such as cell growth and apoptosis. Altered expression of HOTAIR has been reported in human cancers, which contributes with cancer progression and metastasis. Increased expression level of HOTAIR has been observed in colorectal cancer (CRC). It seems that dysregulation of HOTAIR may inhibit the apoptosis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of HOTAIR silencing on expression of apoptosis markers Bax and Bcl2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data showed that HOTAIR and Bcl2 are highly expressed in CRC cells while the expression level of Bax is low. Following siRNA treatment, Blc2 was downregulated but Bcl2 was upregulated. These findings suggest that HOTAIR silencing can promote apoptosis, and thus it can be considered as a promising strategy to kill cancer cells.

Lung cancer is one of the most common leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite recent advances in therapeutic approaches, common methods are not fully effective. Thus, researchers are looking for some novel complementary agents to improve the effectiveness of therapies. Emerging evidence has shown the antitumor activity of several natural components such as quinoa seed extracts in various types of cancer.

Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the antiproliferation and anti-apoptotic activity of quinoa on the A549 lung cancer cell line.

The cell viability of A549 cells treated with quinoa was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression levels of BAX and BCL2 as apoptosis-related genes were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, the statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 7.

Our findings demonstrated that the cell viability decreased in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Also, treating A549 cells with doses of 1.60 and 1.92 mg/mL of quinoa seed extracts could increase BAX and decrease BCL2 expression levels (P < 0.05). However, the higher dose (1.92 mg/mL) was significantly effective.

According to this study, quinoa seed extract could induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells (A549) throughout the increased ratio of BAX/BCL2. However, further investigations are required to confirm the results.

Apoptosis is the physiological cell death that in natural conditions leads to the elimination of old, damaged, waste, and harmful cells. The aim of this study was the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without caloric restriction on gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 in mice.

Present study was an experimental multi-group design with a control group conducted on 30 two-month old male mice. Subjects were divided into five homogenous groups including base control, control, caloric restriction, interval exercise training, and caloric restriction + interval exercise training. Training groups participated in interval exercise training five sessions per week for 8 weeks. The level of gene expression of myocardial Bax and Bcl2 was evaluated by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA at the level of (P<0.05).

The results showed that the training group had a significant increase in gene expression of myocardial Bcl2 in comparison with caloric restriction + exercise training (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in gene expression of myocardial Bax compared to the caloric restriction group (P<0.05). Also, exercise training and exercise training + caloric restriction significantly increased the gene expression of myocardial Bcl2 and significantly decreased Bax/Bcl2 ratio compared to caloric restriction, base control, and control (P< 0.05).

It seems that high-intensity interval training without caloric restriction would provide a suitable environment for increasing the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane of myocardial cells and possibly apoptosis.