جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « blood safety » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of reactions caused by blood donations in Iran as well as exploring three potential scenarios of the worst, moderate, and the best situations for adverse reactions among Iranian blood donations by specifying the under-reporting rate.

There are two different designs; first, the ecological study  was coducted to estimate the blood donation adverse effects by using the data registered in the donor vigilance part of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO). Second, the cross-sectional study was conducted  to estimate under-reporting in the data. For the cross-sectional study, 2408 donors were selected randomly in three cities.

In general, based on the estimations of this study, adverse reactions to blood donation in Iran is 2%(CI 95%, 1.4-2.6%). Local and systemic reactions estimated are 1.7%(CI 95%, 1.2-2.2) and 0.3%(0.1-0.5), respectively. Based on the national report, in general, adverse reactions to blood donation in Iran is 0.5(CI 95% 0.4-0.6). Local and systemic reactions estimated are 0.38%(CI 95% 0.28-0.48) and 0.03%(0.0.02-0.04), respectively.

Adverse reactions may vary from region to region in Iran, but in total, there is a lot of under-reporting in the incidence of adverse reactions to blood donation in Iran, most of which are related to local reactions.

Critically ill neonates receiving blood products are at risk of transfusion-related complications. The quality of nursing care in this regard can be enhanced through continuous evaluations.

This study aimed to assess the performance of nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) regarding the transfusion of blood and blood products.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the nurses working in an NICU in Tehran, Iran, during 2017. The performance of nurses was investigated for 550 blood transfusion procedures by structured observation through a researcher-made checklist with 40 items in three steps. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) using descriptive statistics and a generalized estimating equation.

The highest frequency (66.2%; n=365) of transfusions was observed for fresh frozen plasma. In the pre-transfusion phase, no case out of 550 transfusion procedures, ensuring the openness of the vein with normal saline injections run (100%), the carriage of blood products from the blood bank to the ward by the box Specific (76.2%), assess blood and blood products sensitivity (34.1%) and control of blood tests for blood count and coagulation factors (20.5%). In the transfusion phase, slow shaking the blood bag during injection (68.6%) and venous line washing with saline solution (45%) were not according to guidelines. After the transfusion phase, the volume of infused products, blood types, post-transfusion reactions and vital signs, and status of product labeling were recorded in 100% of the nursing reports.

Implications for Practice: 

The performance of nurses was poor in many cases during the transfusion stage which can affect the health of the neonates. Therefore, it is recommended to provide continuous and persistent training for the staff.

Regular training in the blood transfusion process is crucial for transfusion safety. Hospital transfusion committees have an obligation to provide this education to hospital employees through training activities. E-learning is positioning itself as a valid alternative to physical-presence courses.

We describe a training course on blood transfusion to members of our hospital who are involved in the transfusion process, including technicians, nurses, and doctors. The course uses Moodle as the e-learning platform; it is evaluated using a satisfaction survey along with a knowledge-transfer and impact survey a year after taking the course.

From 2015 to 2018, seven editions of the online transfusion course were developed. Six hundred and eighty students enrolled; of these, 124 did not take the final examination (18.2%); 60 never began the course (8.8%). Of the 556 students who completed the course, 546 passed (98.2%). The average score from the initial self-assessment was 7.3 while the average score from the final self-assessment was 9.2; the mean improvement was 1.9 (out of 10). The level of general course satisfaction was 9.27 (an average out of 10). More than 90% of the students stated that they were able to apply the acquired knowledge in the workplace after a year.

E-learning has demonstrated itself as an affordable solution that could help in the training of all staff involved in the transfusion process at our hospital, with the advantage that it includes general knowledge and particular skills in local transfusion medical practice.

Acute complications are among the most common complications in blood transfusion reactions and one of the leading causes of death. The reduction in acute complications as well as blood safety and health of patients should be considered. The aim of this short report study is to determine the prevalence of allergic reactions in acute complications of packed red blood cell (RBC) injections in patients hospitalized in Sina Hospital, Kamyaran City, Iran, from 2014 to 2018.

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with the statistical population including all patients who required blood transfusion in Sina hospital in Kamyaran City since 2014 to 2018. The standard checklist called "A form of reporting unwanted complications after blood transfusions and its related products" was used in this study. Data were entered into the SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistics were analyzed as mean and standard deviation (SD) and analytical results were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.

In this study, the prevalence of transfusion complications during this period was 0.016. 5 (29%) and 12 (71%) of the patients were men and women, respectively. The most common sign of blood transfusion included restlessness and tachycardia. The most common acute complication of blood transfusions was allergic reaction (47%). Based on the Fisher's exact test, a statistically significant relationship was found between the blood group, sex, and history of injection with the diagnosis of transfusion (P < 0.001).

Registering the complications of blood transfusion is always a concern and important for the blood transfusion organization. In this study, it was found that the most common acute complication of blood transfusions was allergic reactions (8 out of 17).

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major bloodborne diseases worldwide. Although many screening tests were introduced and utilized for blood donations, as the main source of HCV transmission, it has still remained a global concern.

The prevalence of HCV infection among blood donors in every country and every WHO region was investigated. A Comprehensive electronic systematic search algorithm in the international databases PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and ProQuest were adopted for articles published until October 2016, using the following keywords: ("Blood Donors" OR "blood donation" OR "donor" OR "donation" OR "blood" OR "blood safety" OR "bloodborne" OR "residual risk" OR "transfusion-transmitted infections") AND ("prevalence" OR "epidemiology") in combination with “hepatitis C” OR “HCV” for hepatitis C. Only cross-sectional studies, which had appropriate measurement and sampling methods, were selected.

The review of the literature showed that the global prevalence of HCV was 854.09 in 100,000. The highest and lowest rates of HCV among WHO divisions were seen in the African region by 2503.61 and the European region by 450.21 in 100,000, respectively. The highest and lowest rates among the countries were seen in Cambodia by 14,670 and Netherlands by 25.370 in 100,000.

It seems that strategies for prevention of HCV infection in blood donations should be considered for the policymakers; low prevalence countries are suggested to share their knowledge and countries with lower socioeconomic status should be aided to control the HCV infection among their blood donors.

Context: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been the main cause of post transfusion hepatitis. Long-term hepatitis can ultimately result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral hepatitis, especially HCV infection, is a major health concern in the Middle East. The current study carried out a systematic search concerning HCV seroprevalence among blood donors in Middle Eastern countries.
Evidence Acquisition: Articles were identified through searching databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We reviewed systematically all studies reporting HCV seroprevalence among blood donors in Middle Eastern countries.
A total of 5662 relevant records were identified by the electronic search, of which a total of 47 studies were identified as eligible papers that were meta-analyzed for the pooled seroprevalence of HCV among blood donors. Overall, HCV seroprevalence among blood donors in Middle Eastern countries was estimated 0.88% (95%CI = 0.79% - 0.97%). The highest pooled HCV seroprevalence rate was related to Egypt (5.76% [95%CI = 3.30% - 8.22%]), Libya (1.56% [95%CI = 0.99% - 2.13%]), and Yemen (1.09% [95%CI = 0.69% - 1.50%]) while the lowest pooled seroprevalence rate was in Iran and Israel with the rates of 0.14% (95%CI = 0.12% - 0.17%) and 0.16% (95%CI = 0.06% - 0.25%), respectively. Results of annual HCV seroprevalence suggest that there is a decrease in seroprevalence rate of HCV over time among blood donors in Egypt, Iran, Oman, Lebanon, Libya, and Saudi Arabia.
Our results showed that the trend of HCV seroprevalence over time among Middle Eastern blood donors was decreasing. It suggests that recent safety measures implemented in Middle Eastern countries have been effective.

Occupational hazards, exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF) accidents and safety precautions constitute an important public health issue. We assessed the prevalence and determinants of exposure to occupational hazards among nurses, and their knowledge of occupational safety precautions. In a cross-sectional study, we surveyed 332 nurses working in 4 hospitals, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine, by a questionnaire. Bivariate analysis tested the associations between ever exposure and the high likelihood of BBF exposure and the independent socio-demographic and occupational variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations between the same two exposures and selected independent variables (those significant in the bivariate analysis). Prevalence of ever exposure to BBF was 51.7%, and was associated with working in private and charitable hospitals (OR 2.62, 2.68, respectively), having 4–6 family members (OR 0.52) and “nursing” being as one's top career choice at university (OR 0.48). The prevalence of high likelihood of BBF exposure was 62.2%, and was associated with working in charitable and private hospitals (OR 7.81, 2.43, respectively) and “nursing” being as one's top career choice (OR 0.57). Regarding knowledge, most respondents believed it is necessary to enact laws and regulations regarding occupational safety precautions, reported the use of sharps containers, immediate disinfection after an accident, reporting an accident, and using personal protective equipment. Nurses had adequate knowledge of the risks of their hospital work. Nevertheless, they exhibited high prevalence of exposure to BBF accidents. Future studies are needed to re-evaluate existing occupational safety guidelines in hospitals, establish monitoring and evaluation protocols for health care worker's adherence to the guidelines, and institute well-defined policies for reporting occupational injury incidents so these can be handled appropriately.