جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "brain neoplasm" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)-based tractography can help us visualize the spatial relation of fiber tracts to brain lesions. Several factors may interfere with the procedure of diffusion-based tractography, especially in brain tumors. The current study aims to discuss several solutions to improve the procedure of fiber reconstruction adjacent to or inside brain lesions. Illustrative cases are also presented.

Methods and Materials/Patients

 The paper is a narrative review of methods that can improve DTI-based fiber reconstruction in the area of brain tumors. To provide up-to-date information, we briefly reviewed related articles extracted from Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed.

We proposed five techniques to improve fiber reconstruction. Technique 1 is a very low Fractional Anisotropy (FA) application. Technique 2 includes resampling techniques, such as q-ball and High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI). Technique 3 is the reconstruction of fiber tracts by defining the separated Region of Interest (ROIs). Technique 4 explains the selection of the ROIs according to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) since the anatomical configuration is distorted by neoplasm. Technique 5 consists of using unprocessed images for preoperative planning and correlation with the clinical situation.

DTI tractography is highly sensitive to noise and artifacts. The application of tractography techniques can improve fiber imaging in the area of brain tumors and edema.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the main angiogenesis regulators in solid cancers. The brain solid tumors are life threatening diseases in which angiogenesis is an important phase of development and progression.
In the present study the gene expression of VEGF-A and VEGF receptor (VEGF-R1) were evaluated in CNS brain tumors.

The quantification of the VEGF-A and VEGF-R1 expressions was carried out by real-time PCR on fresh biopsies of 38 supratentorial brain tumors compared to 30 non-tumoral tissues. Then the correlations were investigated with clinic-pathological and demographic factors of the patients.

PCR products sequencing confirmed the validity of the qRT-PCR. Although, VEGF-A and VEGF-R1 expression showed increased trends with progression of cell proliferation in different stages of astrocytoma (p=0.006,p=0.07, respectively), in case of VEGF-R1 did not met 95% confidence interval in other brain tumors. An increasing trend in VEGF-A and a declining trend in VEGF-R1 expression from stage-I to II were observed in meningioma.VEGF-A and VEGF-R1 expressions had not significant correlation with age and gender. Although, peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in astrocytoma was significantly associated with tumor stages (p=0.01), VEGF-A and VEGF-R1 had not associations with PTBE in meningioma and metastasis.

VEGF-A is a valuable factor for prognosis of PTBE and malignancy stage in astrocytoma, and useful for monitoring of the treatment approaches.

Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant cartilage forming tumor, usually arising from long bones and rarely observed in the cranium. In the cranium, it commonly arises from the skull base with the skull vault being a highly unusual site. 

We present the case of a 30-year female presenting with complaints of headache for 6 months. The patient was found to have large chondrosarcoma in the right frontoparietal region, which is an extremely rare location. The final diagnosis was based on histological examination, suggestive of well-differentiated chondrosarcoma [the World Health Organization (WHO); grade I]. 

Cranial vault chondrosarcoma is an uncommon histological diagnosis with surgery as the primary treatment option; however, adjuvant radiotherapy plays a definitive role, especially in aggressive or incomplete removed cases.

New onset seizures in pregnancy or the postpartum period can be of great importance and denote various underlying pathologies. Eclampsia and cerebrovascular accidents are common, and brain tumors are uncommon causes of postpartum seizures among others. Acute presentation of brain tumors in pregnancy or the postpartum period is extremely rare. Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors. Although 1.3 to 2.4% of these benign tumors may bleed, acute presentation of them with hemorrhage is quite rare. Herein, we report a rare case of a 36-year-old lady who presented with severe headache, seizure, and loss of consciousness in the postpartum period, five days after delivery of a full-term baby. Primary emergency evaluation revealed an extra-axial lesion with subdural hemorrhage. A Decompressive craniectomy was performed, hematoma was evacuated, and the tumor was totally resected. Histopathologic evaluation was consistent with a fibroblastic meningioma (WHO grade I). She was discharged in good general condition. Our case highlights the significance of complete evaluation of patients with new-onset seizures in pregnancy or the postpartum period. Although uncommon, brain tumors in pregnancy can have potentially devastating outcomes which may necessitate prompt surgical intervention.

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood. Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the second most common primary brain tumor in adults. It usually affects the cerebral hemispheres of adults at the 6th or 7th decade of life. In comparison to adult population, GBM is rare in pediatrics and accounts for approximately 3% of all pediatric brain tumors. Pediatric glioblastoma was defined as patient age younger than 21 years at the time of craniotomy. The prognosis seems to be better in childhood. This report documented a GBM was located in the frontal lobe of a 9 year old girl who was diagnosed in Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a huge well enhancing mass in left frontal lobe (47 ×35 mm ). This mass was surrounded by vasogenic edema and was extended to medial aspect of right frontal lobe through corpus callosum. The patient underwent a left frontal craniotomy, and gross total tumor removal was per formed. Pathology findings revealed neoplastic transformation of glial cells associated with vascular necrosis and neovascularization.

Since surgical treatment for tumorous lesions does not always lead to complete patient recovery, it is possible for the attacks to continue. To help plan for the patients' health, this study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of adjuvant therapy and surgery in controlling seizure of low-grade glioma (LGG) patients in Firoozgar Hospital in 2013-2014. In this analytical cross-sectional study, 114 patients with LGG (grade 2) tumors admitted in Firoozgar Hospital during 2013-2014 were divided into two groups of adjuvant therapy and surgical treatment. All of these patients were followed by telephone and were asked about the incidence, frequency, and intensity of seizure attacks up to one year after surgery. The age and sex of the patients, along with the drug used after surgery, were also recorded on a checklist. Electroencephalography (EEG) was performed on all the patients under the supervision of a neurologist. Patient information was entered into the SPSS V.16 and analyzed. Chi-2 test was used to analyze and compare the qualitative variables, and T-test was employed to compare quantitative variables between the two groups. Alpha values below 0.05 were considered significant. In the present study, the incidence of seizure after surgery and adjuvant therapy were 16 (1.28%) and 20 (35.1%), respectively. The severity of seizure before and after treatment was not significantly different between the two groups. However, in both groups, the severity and frequency of seizure decreased significantly after treatment, although there was no significant difference between the two groups before and after treatment. In the surgery group, 17 patients (29.82%) and in the adjuvant therapy group, 19 patients (33.33%) had an unusual EEG. There was a significant correlation between the post-treatment seizure and abnormal EEG (p <0.001). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the incidence, severity, and frequency of seizure in patients with LGG were decreased after surgical treatment or adjunct therapy, but there is no significant difference between the two methods.

Meningioma is one of the most common primary brain tumors in adults. The literature indicates a higher prevalence of multiple meningiomas in women, which might be attributed to the hormonal factors, such as expression of progesterone receptor.
Here we report a 58-year-old woman with a 4-year history of headache, which was aggravated during the few months before her admission. The patient was diagnosed with multiple meningiomas based on her brain magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, she underwent surgical excision of the tumor and had no complications or signs of recurrence in the site of surgery, after a 3-year follow-up.
Although multiple meningioma is not frequent, it does not differ from solitary tumors in terms of prognosis and management. Our experience shows that complete removal of the tumors is not possible in all cases of multiple meningioma and resection of the largest tumors results in favorable outcomes.

To record the MRI features of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and compare these properties in monofocal and multifocal disease.
Eleven cases of monofocal disease were compared to 9 cases of multifocal disease. All patients were examined by non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI. Tumor location, signal intensity, enhancement characteristics, age distribution, peritumoral edema, cystic changes, and the presence of calcifications were assessed. The MRI features were compared between the monofocal and multifocal patients.
There were 20 cases including both the monofocal and multifocal cases. Contrast-enhanced images showed variable enhancement patterns: homogeneous enhancement (14 patients), and hetrogenous enhancement (6 patients). One case of hemorrhage and two cases of cystic formation were observed. Intra-tumoral calcification was not detected. The frontal lobe, the corpus callosum and the basal ganglia were commonly involved in both the monofocal and multifocal lesion.
Our data showed that PCNSL has a variable enhancement and edema pattern on MRI. Monofocal PCNSL cases typically have larger size tumors with mild or marked enhancement.