جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "breast self" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Breast cancer is a public health challenge in most populations and a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lack of reliable and valid tools for assessing predicting factors, which influence on breast self-examination behavior of Iranian women, is obvious. This study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of this instrument.

The purpose of this study was psychometric validation health action process approach (HAPA) scale for prediction of breast self-examination behavior among Iranian women over 40 years.

In this cross sectional study, the participants were registered women 40 years and older in urban health centers in Tehran, Iran. The 200 subjects were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Content and face validity have been verified by a panel of experts and participants. Using exploratory and structural equation modeling confirmatory factor analyses was conducted construct validity.

Using explanatory factor analysis, 8 factors of health action process approach model were identified with appropriate variance explained (67.18%). The HAPA had an acceptable fit to the observations (χ2 = 2.21, df = 3, χ2/df = 1.35, P < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.049 (CI = 0.044, 0.056; AGFI = 0.90; P = 0.452; PGFI = 0.13).

The results of the present study suggested an initial for validity and reliability of the HAPA-based breast self-examination among Iranian women.

The present study aimed to apply the Health Belief Model (HBM) in breast self-examination among the female university students in Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 female students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were selected via simple random sampling and completed the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20, and the two-tailed P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Distribution of the study population across the stages of change was as follows: pre-contemplation (n = 107; 42.8%), contemplation (n = 55; 22%), preparation (n = 32; 12.8%), action (n = 33; 13.2%), and maintenance (n = 23; 19%). Mean scores of the HBM constructs were as follows: perceived susceptibility (8.77 ± 4.16), perceived severity (24.63 ± 5.80), perceived benefits (22.96 ± 12.86), and perceived barriers (27.21 ± 17.18).
According to the results, few students were in the action and maintenance stages of breast self-examination and had inadequate knowledge regarding some of the risk factors for breast cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that educational programs be implemented to provide comprehensive information on the risk factors for breast cancer, perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women worldwide. Given its low cost, wide availability, and lack of need for complex training, breast self-examination has turned into an important tool for early detection of cancer, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the housewives’ awareness of breast self-examination, stages of change of BSE behavior, and the related factors among women referring to health centers of Birjand city in 2016.
This descriptive, analytic study was conducted on 450 housewives aged between 20 to 40 years referring to healthcare centers of Birjand. Sampling was performed through multistage cluster sampling method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which included a demographic characteristics section and various items on knowledge and stages of change. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The data were analyzed in SPSS-19 using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.
Mean age of the participants was 30.7±5.2 years and 97.8% of them were married. According to behavior change stages, 32.9% of the participants were in the pre-contemplation stage, while 19.68%, 23.3%, 18.2% and 6% were respectively in contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance stages. The mean awareness score was 6.72±2.49. Fisher exact test showed a significant relationship between the stages of change with the level of education (P=0.001), family history of breast cancer (P=0.03), and awareness (P Given the low performance of women in breast self-examination, it is required on the part of health authorities to plan and implement the needed educational interventions.

Improvement of attitudes toward breast cancer positively affects the screening behaviors of women. Imagery has been shown to have a positive impact on the screening behaviors of women.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of breast cancer screening training based on the systematic comprehensive health education and promotion (SHEP) model on the attitudes and breast self-examination skills of women.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted at two urban healthcare centers of Mashhad, Iran in 2015. Participants were 120 women covered by these health centers, who received training on breast cancer screening based on the SHEP model. Intervention consisted of evaluation (literature review, topic selection), implementation (developing instruments, educator training, training of participants), and assessment (pretest-posttest). Data were collected using researcher-made questionnaires of attitude and breast self-examination (BSE) checklists. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.
In the intervention and control groups, 55 (91.7%) and 56 (93.3%) participants were married, respectively. Results of Mann-Whitney U test before intervention showed no significant differences between the groups regarding the mean scores of attitude and breast self-examination skills (P>0.05). After a four-week follow-up, independent t-test revealed a significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean score of attitude (PImplications for Practice: Considering the feasibility and applicability of the SHEP model for different age ranges, breast screening training based on this educational model could enhance the attitudes and performance of women in this regard.

Breast cancer is a major health problem. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple method for breast cancer screening. The health belief model (HBM) is a model for conventionalizing and management of health-related behaviors such as breast cancer screening. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between HBM and BSE among Iranian university students.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 247 medical and paramedical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Data was collected using Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for breast cancer screening whose validity and reliability have been verified in previous studies. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The average age of samples was 21.76 ± 2.6 years. Students with a positive family history of breast cancer performed BSE more frequently (9.2% compared with 82.2%, P Since medical and paramedical students are regarded as role models of healthy behaviors, it is critical to have an awareness of their health beliefs on BSE. In addition, positive behavior and attitude towards BSE enables students to perform breast cancer screening tests more effectively. According to the results, it is necessary to improve students’ knowledge of and attitude towards BSE by training programs.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. However, early detection of this cancer leads to a timely treatment and better prognosis, which significantly improves the survival rate in patients.. The purpose of this study was to predict the breast cancer screening behavior of women who referred to health centers in Dezful, Iran, using the health belief model (HBM)..Patients and This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 226 women who were selected with cluster sampling method from those referred to Dezful health centers. Data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire based on the constructs of the HBM. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and through methods of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression.. According to the findings of the study, the knowledge and performance of women were poor, and there was a significant relationship between women’s performance and variables of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. In addition, variables of knowledge (P = 0.001), perceived sensitivity (P = 0.022), and self-efficacy (P = 0.001) were predictors of performance in women participating in this study.. Poor knowledge and performance of women indicates a crucial need for formal educational programs to sensitize women regarding the importance of breast cancer screening. These educational programs should consider factors affecting breast cancer screening behaviors..

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, with a high rate of mortality. The burden of disease and its serious outcome could be prevented by early detection. Thus, the objective of this study was investigation the awareness, attitude and practice of breast cancer screening women. Patients and This cross-sectional study has conducted on 500 representative samples of women aged 20 - 65 years who referred to urban area of Babol health centers in 2012. The data have collected with standard questionnaire. The demographic data, the knowledge of risk factors and symptoms and sign, the health belief, and the practice of women in breast cancer screening have collected by interview. The results show that only 14.8% of participants had a high level of knowledge for breast cancer risk factors and 33.8% at high level of awareness of symptoms and signs. The level of awareness has significantly associated with higher age (P = 0.03) and higher educational level (P = 0.04). Only 10.2% and 8.4% of women have performed breast self- examination (BSE) monthly and breast clinical examination (BCE) annually respectively. The practice of women with BSE has significantly associated with aging (P = 0.005), higher educational level (P = 0.007), higher knowledge (P = 0.001) and positive attitude toward perceived benefits and confidence and health motivation (P = 0.001). The low level of awareness and practice of breast cancer screening have found in this study, emphasized an extension of framework health educational program, particularly in younger and low educated women.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. In developed countries، one in every nine women will be diagnosed with this type of cancer. The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing and compared with similar patients in Western countries are about 10 years younger. The aim of this research is Investigation breast self-examination based on stage of change (SOC) in those volunteers in Mashhad، Iran، 2013. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 410 health volunteers above age 20 years. They are people that in order to promote healthy behaviors in society، learned hygiene skills and training necessary courses and they transfer their know ledges to at least 50 families. They were selected by stratified sampling method from population covered by urban health centers of Mashhad. Each of 1 to 5 health centers of Mashhad was considered as a class. Cases were selected and studied from each class، proportional to the number of covered volunteers of that health center. Data were collected by self-report questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and statistical t-test، Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient، linear regression. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significance. The means’s of age participant was 34. 7±9. 2 In review the prediction Breast Self- examination behavior based on stage of change، it was shown that structure of stage of change 54 percent can be variable predictive in Breast Self- examination. This study had shown the effectiveness of structure of stage of change to emphasize the behavior related to BSE. Thus، it seems to be a theory as a framework for designing educational programs to improve women''s health and reduce deaths from breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is extremely effective in its treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of education on breast self-examination knowledge, attitude, and practice among female employees of Birjand University, Birjand, Iran. This one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2012 on 89 female employees of Birjand University who agreed to participate in the study. A three-part researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The first part was a demographic questionnaire containing items such as age, marital status, and education, history of common breast problems, history of breast self-examination, and history of breast cancer among first-degree relatives. The second and the third parts were related to breast self-examination knowledge (20 items) and attitude (ten items). An educational program was implemented for the participants by a pathologist. Educations were provided in a 90-minute session through presenting a lecture, distributing pamphlets, showing a video clip, and using the question-and-answer method. The knowledge and the attitude questionnaires were completed by the participants both before and two months after the study intervention. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS software (v. 15.0) and through performing the Wilcoxon, the Kruskal-Wallis, the Man-Whitney U, and the McNemar’s tests. P values of less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Among 89 participating women, 81 (91%) were married. Participants’ average age was 39.2±7.3 years. Compared with the pretest readings, the means of women’s breast self-examination knowledge and attitude significantly increased after the intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, after the study, there was a significant difference among women with different educational status regarding the mean scores of knowledge and attitude. However, the differences among different age and gender groups were not significant. The pretest-posttest mean differences of knowledge and attitude were also not significantly related with women’s other demographic characteristics. Based on the findings of the present study, education can be effective in improving women’s knowledge and attitude about breast cancer screening methods. Consequently, running educational programs is recommended for effective prevention and prompt treatment of breast cancer.

Aim: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Iranian women. Clinical nurses and midwives are supposed to be at high risk of the disease. The present study aimed at comparing the knowledge and health beliefs of Iranian nurses and midwives about breast cancer screening using Health Belief Model (HBM).
In this cross-sectional study, 100 nurses and 60 midwives working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (Yazd, Iran) were selected via convenience sampling. Three questionnaires were used to collect data including a demographic questionnaire, the Breast Cancer Knowledge Test, and Champion’s Revised Health Belief Model Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS-11.0 for Windows.
Findings: According to the independent t-test results, the mean knowledge scores of the two groups were significantly different (p0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient revealed a significant direct correlation between knowledge and health beliefs in both nurses and midwives (P=0.018; r=0.18). The same test suggested knowledge to have significant direct correlation with benefits of mammography (P=0.01; r=0.2), benefits of breast self-awareness (P There are some risk factors including unhealthy life-style behaviours, exposure to night light, and consequently, disruption in circadian rhythm, and that job stress can threaten the health of nurses and midwives. Thus, it is important to determine their perceived barriers of screening behaviours based on HBM.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second principal cause of deaths from cancer in women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an inexpensive screening method and is carried out by women themselves. The purpose of this study was to examine the status of breast self-examination performance among women referring to health centers of Tabriz, Iran. This study was a descriptive/ cross-sectional research carried out on 400 women aged 20-50 years. The samples were recruited randomly from among female clients of health centers in Tabriz. A questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to elicit socio-demographic information and status of BSE performance among women. Content validity was used for validation and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated (0.80) for reliability of instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data through SPSS software. The findings of this research showed that only 18.8% of women performed BSE. Among them, 46.67% performed BSE monthly, and 40% at the end of menstruation. The initiation age of BSE in 77% was between 21-30 years of age. It is considerable that 54.7% of them had received no advice on BSE from physicians and midwives. The majority of women did not perform the various steps of BSE. The quality of this screening was very desirable in 2 (0.5 %), desirable in 5 (1.3%), average in 19 (4.8%), undesirable in 36 (9%), and very undesirable in 338 (84.5%) women. Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between the quality of BSE performance and level of education, employment, breastfeeding quality, and family history of breast cancer (P < 0.05). The findings showed that the status of BSE performance was very poor. Therefore, to encourage women to use BSE correctly and regularly, education programs should be performed through various media including television, radio, and leaflets. The role of Health personnel in this field is very important.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. This comparative study was designed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical and non-medical female students concerning breast self-examination (BSE) in two different universities in Shiraz, Iran. It also examined the relationship between the student's knowledge, attitude, practice and type of academic education. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shiraz, Iran. 394 female students were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling (292 non-medical and 102 medical). A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, and the obtained data were analyzed descriptively. Medical students were more aware of BSE timing, stages of BSE performance and initiation age of BSE. Medical female students were also more likely to consider BSE as efficient, not difficult and time consuming, and to acknowledge that as a method for decreasing the probability of cancer. Regular BSE performance rate for both groups was very low and unsatisfactory (non-medical 2.1% and medical 2.9%). The results of t-test and Chi-square revealed significant differences across BSE knowledge, attitude and practice with type of academic education (medical or non-medical) (P=001). Based on the findings, the medical students were more knowledgeable and showed a better attitude and responded more positively than the non-medical student, but both groups showed low level of BSE practicing that is of a concern. The supportive role of universities in providing students with necessary information about breast cancer is suggested, and its prevention methods should be highlighted. Additionally, there is a need to a supportive environment which facilitates students’ access to qualified health care services.