جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « carcinoid tumor » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Appendiceal carcinoid tumors are uncommon in children and are usually found incidentally during histopathological examination after appendectomy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and long-term outcomes of appendiceal carcinoid tumors in children.

Patients under 18 years old with a diagnosis of appendiceal carcinoid tumor were analyzed. Demographical, clinical, radiological, surgical, and pathological data and long-term outcomes were evaluated.

A total of 10 (0.64%) appendiceal carcinoid tumors were found in 1562 appendectomy specimens. The mean age of children with appendiceal carcinoid tumors was 12.6 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2:3. Tumor localization was at the tip of the appendix in 9 (90%) patients. Seven (70%) tumors were smaller than 1 cm, while 3 (30%) tumors were between 1 and 2 cm. The depth of tumor penetration reached the subserosa in 8 (80%) patients and the mesoappendix in the remaining 2 (20%) cases. Surgical margins were intact in all patients, and no additional surgery was performed. The patients were followed up for an average of 42.4 months, and no recurrence was detected.

Appendiceal carcinoid tumors usually have nonspecific clinical-radiological findings and are almost always detected incidentally during the histopathological analysis of appendectomy specimens resected due to acute appendicitis. According to histopathology results, close follow-up and advanced surgical and medical treatments should be considered when necessary. Although the survival of patients is good, the possibility of colorectal malignancies should not be overlooked during follow-up.

Presacral or retrorectal tumors are rare, usually asymptomatic, and diagnosed accidentally during physical examinationor imaging. Symptomatic tumors may present with perianal pain, bowel dysfunction, and urinary symptoms dueto the mass compression or invasion of the surrounding tissues and organs. Surgical resection is the first choice fortreating presacral tumors. Clinicians should choose surgical procedures based on the location and size of the tumors.We presented a 43-year-old woman who suffered from pelvic pain and primary infertility from two years ago. A largemass between the posterior vaginal wall and the rectum was found on recto-vaginal examination. Magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) revealed a large 120×115 mm benign multiloculated cystic mass. Eventually, the mass was removedthrough laparoscopic surgery. The pathology report indicated a carcinoid tumor (grade I) with no lymphovascularinvasion. Thus, presacral tumors are resectable through laparoscopy with lower complications than open surgery.

A 76-year-old woman presented with a one-year history of intermittent right lower abdominal pain, little weight loss, and palpable mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Pelvic ultrasound scan identified a lobulated hypo-hetero-echoic mass with some calcified foci. Computed tomography scan revealed a low-attenuated lesion-like mass in the perineal region, which suggested a cystic localized tumor. Colonoscopy showed sub-mucosal lesion in the cecum. The patient underwent laparotomy, and a right hemicolectomy (include ileum) with ileocolic anastomosis was performed. She was treated successfully. In the Histological examination, two mass-like lesions were found to attach to the appendix. In the proximal portion of the appendix, there were cystic structures that showed a low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. The tip of the appendix showed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor). In this unusual case, even though the initial origins of these two tumors are quite different, two tumors appeared in a single histological section.

Ectopic increase of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or ectopic Cushing syndrome is a rare initial presentation of small cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor of the lung. Here, we reported a 36-year-old male with atypical symptoms of Cushing syndrome managed by Etomidate that had a central pulmonary nodule, and pathologic evaluation of pulmonary lobectomy revealed the diagnosis of well-differentiated, low-grade typical carcinoids of lung.

Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine tumors that usually occur in the digestive tract and lung. They are rarely found in the head and neck, especially in the sinonasal area. This article describes a typical carcinoid tumor involving the sphenoid sinus, cavernous sinus, sphenoid bone, clivus, and occipital condyle, which was treated successfully by endoscopic transseptal transsphenoidal surgery and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

The appendix is one of the most common sites for carcinoid tumors. Most carcinoids are found in appendices removed incidentally at laparotomy for conditions unrelated to acute appendicitis. We describe the case of a 13-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ), with nausea and decreased appetite for the previous 2 days. A physical examination favoreda diagnosis of acute appendicitis. A carcinoid tumor was diagnosed based on the histological examination of the removed appendix. The patient underwent an isolated appendectomy due to the small size of the lesion.

Carcinoid tumors usually originate from the enterochromaffin cells located in gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary system. They may rarely arise in the urinary bladder, where this can be eventually miscued as any other commoner bladder neoplasms. The current study was conducted to connote an uncommon clinicopathological presentation by a carcinoid tumor in the urinary bladder.
Case: A 52-year-old male, who initially experienced obstructive urinary symptoms, underwent cystourethroscopy to remove a tumor in the urinary bladder. The tumor exhibited insular, trabecular, and organoid architecture on histology without any necrosis or mitosis, stained positively with chromogranin A, and thereby, confirmed the diagnosis of a pure carcinoid tumor.
Carcinoid tumors rarely arise in the urinary bladder and other genitourinary organs. But, several other and relatively more common bladder neoplasms may often deceptively simulate it. This dilemma could be resolved easily with the application of proper immunohistochemistry (IHC) in neuroendocrine tumors.

Neoplasm is one of the primary causes of spontaneous hemothorax. When spontaneous hemothorax is present, it is essential to detect the surgically corrective cause in order to successfully control this life-threatening condition. Undergoing an imaging evaluation, such as by enhanced computed tomography (CT), is especially important in a patient with spontaneous hemothorax. Herein, we report on a case of spontaneous hemothorax that was caused by a ruptured atypical carcinoid tumor in the right lower lobe. This hypervascular and peripherally located tumor was initially missed by both an unenhanced and enhanced chest CT because intra-tumoral bleeding and the hypervascular nature of this tumor caused similar high density when compared to the loculated hemothorax along the right major fissure and the surrounding atelectatic lung. Consequently, the tumor was obscured by the massive hemothorax and surrounding atelectatic lung on the initial chest CT. However, a second chest CT taken after tube drainage of the massive hemothorax informed the correct diagnosis.

Cytologic findings of pulmonary carcinoid have been well described. We report new cytological findings in a case of carcinoid tumor. The patient is a 36-year-old man presenting with hemoptysis of about six months in duration. Chest CT scans showed a well-defined round polypoid lesion measuring 1 × 1 cm within the right upper lobe of the bronchus with hyperinflation of the right upper lobe. Trans-bronchial fine needle aspiration and biopsy were done. Cytologic smears showed isolated and loose clusters of uniform round to spindle shape cells with round centrally located nuclei, fine granular (salt and pepper) chromatin and pale cytoplasm. Intranuclear pseudo-inclusions and grooves were seen in some tumor cells. No mitotic figures or necrosis were evident. A cytological diagnosis of carcinoid tumor was made and histopathologic examination and subsequent immunohistochemical study confirmed the diagnosis. Carcinoid tumor may be reliably diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology smears. Intranuclear pseudo-inclusions and grooves may be evident in tumor cells.

Primary ovarian carcinoid tumors of the ovary are rare and represent less than 0.1% of ovarian malignancy. One of its subtypes is the strumal carcinoid in which the thyroid tissue is seen in intimate association with carcinoid tumor. We here report a 47-year-old woman with strumal carcinoid of the right ovary presented with cessation of menstrual periods in the past 3 months and was referred due to a possible menopause-related symptom. A firm pelvic mass was found in physical examination and a large mass (20 × 15 × 8 cm) in the right ovary was reported in ultrasound evaluation. The spiral CT scan reported masses in both ovaries. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The pathological evaluation revealed strumal carcinoid tumor with thyroid tissue in right ovary and benign cystic teratoma in left ovary. Our case was alive at 8 years after the operation with no disease recurrence.

Bronchial carcinoid tumor comprises 1 to 3% of lung neoplasms. The common age of onset is mainly post-puberty although atypical carcinoid tumors occur atages 44 to 55. Carcinoid tumors cause two groups of symptoms in patients: symptoms due to obstruction and symptoms due to the production and release of active neuropeptides. Histologically, carcinoid tumors are categorized into two groups of typical and atypical while in terms of location of lesion, they are grouped into central and peripheral types. Differentiation between malignant and benign carcinoid tumors is based on presence or absence of metastasis.Bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy are the best diagnostic measures in these patients. Serologic evaluation and assessment of active metabolites in case of liver metastasis also help the diagnosis. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for this condition.This report discusses a patient with carcinoid tumor who was receiving bronchodilator treatment for a couple of months because of chronic cough with possible diagnosis of asthma and had received several courses of antibiotic therapy with possible diagnosis of lung infection until he eventually developed bronchiectasis in the right lower lobe. In patients with chronic pulmonary symptoms especially with localized bronchiectasis, diagnostic bronchoscopy must be included in the diagnostic work-up to rule out intrabronchial lesions.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most effective agents available for reducing acid secretion. They are used for medical treatment of various acid-related disorders. PPIs are used extensively and for extended periods of time in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A troublesome issue regarding maintenance therapy has been the propensity of PPI-treated patients to develop chronic atrophic gastritis while on therapy that could theoretically lead to an increased incidence of gastric cancer. In addition, animal studies have raised concern for development of enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia and carcinoid tumors in the stomachs of mice receiving high dose PPIs. Current literature does not provide a clear-cut conclusion on the subject and the reports are sometimes contradictory. Therefore, this study is a systematic review of the available literature to address the safety of long-term PPI use and its relation to the development of malignant/premalignant gastric lesions. A literature search of biomedical databases was performed. The reference lists of retrieved articles were reviewed to further identify relevant trials. We hand-searched the abstracts of the American Digestive Disease Week (DDW) and the United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) from 1995 to 2013. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that used PPIs as the primary treatment for at least six month versus no treatment, placebo, antacid or anti-reflux surgery (ARS) were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. Discrepancies in the interpretation were resolved by consensus. All analyses of outcomes were based on the intention-to-treat principle. We performed statistical analysis using Review Manager software. The effect measure of choice was relative risk (RR) for dichotomous data. Six RCTs with a total of 785 patients met the inclusion criteria. Two multicenter RCTs compared Esomeprazole with placebo. One RCT compared omeprazole with ARS. Two RCTs compared omeprazole with ranitidine and one RCT compared lansoprazole with ranitidine. Four of the included RCTs had moderate risk of bias and two had low risk of bias. The number of patients with increased corporal atrophy score, intestinal metaplasia score and chronic antral inflammation did not statistically differ between the PPI maintenance group and controls. Similar results were found when ECL-cell hyperplasia was assessed between the groups. Maintenance PPIs did not have an association with increased gastric atrophic changes or ECL-cell hyperplasia for at least three years in RCTs.

Primary Small round blue cell tumors (SRBCT) in sinonasal comprise histogenetically diverse entities with overlapping morphologic features. Because of the limited initial biopsy tissue materials, differential diagnostic difficulties may arise, and as they have different management, exact diagnosis and classification are very important.. In this study, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of a panel of markers in the classification and diagnosis of sinonasal SRBCTs.. This cross sectional study was performed on 36 paraffin embedded tissue samples. Histologic and immunohistochemical slides from 36 patients with SRBCT were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were admitted in Khalili hospital, Shiraz from 1383 to 1388.. There were 13 women and 23 men with the mean age of 53 ±12.1. There were 9 malignant melanoma, seven poorly differentiated SCC; six lymphoma (DLBL); 4 SCNEC; three SNUC; two ON; two Ewing/PNET; two embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and one plasmacytoma. Pan-cytokeratin was strongly expressed poorly differentiated SCC and all cases of SNUC. Coexpression of desmin and nuclear myoD1 was only detected in rhabdomyosarcoma. HMB45 was only expressed in sinonasal melanoma. CD99 expression was identified only in Ewing/PNET. FLI-1 was detected in 50% of PNET. P63 was expressed in poorly differentiated SCC (2/7) and SNUC (1/3).. The results of our study indicate that the integration of histopathologic findings with application of limited but highly specific markers led to the separation of carcinomas, lymphoma and melanomas from other small cell tumors. Using a panel of keratin, LCA, desmin, and HMB45 is the most practical and economic approach to accurately classify these tumors..

We report an unusual case of trabecular carcinoid of the ovary with orbital involvement.

We encountered a 49-year-old woman with a complaint of bilateral proptosis. Ocular examination revealed severe bilateral proptosis and signs of corneal exposure. Orbital CT scan showed massive enlargement of extraocular muscles and optic nerve compression. The patient medical history showed that she have had an ovarian mass for which she was underwent right oophorectomy followed by left oophorectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy.

Histological examination showed trabecular carcinoid in both ovaries. Fine needle aspiration from extraocular muscles showed trabecular carcinoid tumor compatible with the primary tumor of the ovary.

Ocular metastases from carcinoid tumors are considered rare. They can be the primary presentation of a carcinoid tumor or develop during the course of the disease. The extent of distant metastases from carcinoid tumors correlates with poor prognosis and survival; early detection of metastasis may change the overall management.