جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "carcinoma" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

It is believed that anthracosis is one of the most important occupational diseases, mainly seen in the residents of industrial areas and coal mine workers. This bronchial disease is more common in Asia's rural areas, particularly in the Middle East. In this study, we examined the epidemiology and genetic factors affecting this disease and its relationship with different types of cancer.

In this review article, we searched four databases (Pubmed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase and Scopus) up to June 3, 2022, for published articles on anthracosis, epidemiology, gene, and cancer. Non-published studies, studies not published in indexed journals or without peer review, and studies not available in English were all excluded.

The relationship between this disease and tobacco, smoking, air pollution, mycobacterium tuberculosis, gender, and indoor smoke was researched, and its prevalence was cited. Mutations in tumour suppressor genes such as P16 and P53 and expression levels of P16, CDH1, LUNX and RASSF1A genes were researched. Finally, this article discussed the relationship between anthracosis and cancers.

According to the studied literature, antracotic people are more susceptible to pulmonary adenocarcinoma, hepatic nodules, renal cell carcinoma, and esophageal cancer.

 Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection contributes to oral carcinoma, but its carcinogenic role has not been elucidated yet. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of HSV-1 infection on the expression of miR-29c, miR-221-5P, miR-21-5P, and miR-96-5P in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC).

 Twenty-five cases of OSCC and 25 samples of normal oral mucosa were examined in this study. The SYBR real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was completed to confirm the presence of HSV-1. The expressions of miR-29c, miR-221-5P, miR-21-5P, and miR-96-5P were measured using RT-PCR.

 The expression of miR-221-5P was significantly higher in OSCC with HSV-1 infection compared to non-infected cases (P=0.007). The expressions of miR-29c, miR-21-5P, and miR-96-5P were not significantly different between OSCCs with HSV-1 infection and controls (P=0.27, P=0.66, and P=0.23, respectively).

 HSV-1 infection had an up-regulation effect on miR-221-5P in OSCC. This finding proposes a novel mechanism for HSV-1 infection in the development of OSCC.

Cellular cannibalism is defined as a process of non-apoptotic cell death. This phenomenon has been indicated to be associated with aggressiveness, anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of various malignancies. The Aim of this study is the evaluation of cell cannibalism in oral dysplastic lesions and oral cancer.
 
A total of 31 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 30 epithelial dysplasia, and 36 hyperkeratosis (HK) were enrolled in this Cross-sectional study. All hematoxylin and eosin tissue sections were examined in 10 high-power fields for tumor cell cannibalism. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact test.
 
Cell cannibalism was found in all cases of SCC, 58.3% of dysplastic lesions, and 3.7% of HK cases. The mean number of cells with cannibalism was 19.48± 4.94 in SCC patients, 1.03± 1.25 in dysplastic lesions, and 0.03± 0.18in HK with a significant difference (P<0.001). High grades dysplastic and cancerous lesions exhibited more cannibalistic cells (P=0.01, P= 0.27, respectively).
 
In addition to oral SCC, cell cannibalism was found in oral epithelial dysplasia; which was significantly more in SCC. This phenomenon was in association with grades of differentiation and might be considered a potential criterion for malignant transformation and high-grade lesions.

There needs to be more unanimity in the treatment approaches for supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma. This study evaluated the survival outcomes of patients who underwent transoral laser microsurgery for this type of cancer. This longitudinal study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital in Iran. Forty-one patients with supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma who underwent transoral laser microsurgery were included. The required data were extracted from medical records. Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain the 5-year overall recurrence-free and laryngectomy-free survival rates. This study included 40 males (97.6%) and one female (2.4%). The mean ± standard deviation of patients' age was 55.17±8.43 years. The 5-year overall recurrence-free survival rate in all patients was 68.0%. In contrast, 76.0% of the cases were laryngectomy-free after five years. Patients in the T1 and T3 categories had better overall and laryngectomy-free survival rates when stratifying by disease stage, respectively. The 3-year local control rates of tumor were 80.0%, 63.1%, and 82.3% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The larynx could be preserved in four patients (80.0%) with T1, 15 patients (57.8%) with T2, and 14 patients (82.3%) with T3. Our results suggest that transoral laser microsurgery may result in satisfactory recurrence-free survival and good oncologic outcomes. However, considering the indication of radiotherapy in some patients, the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy are part of the survival rate observed in this study.

Inter-observer variability among pathologists' reports has been a significant challenge in the diagnosis of diseases, especially cancers. Designing a grading system with minimal inter-observer variability can help achieve more accurate diagnoses.

We aimed to determine whether the grading system proposed by Cheng and colleagues (Cheng’s grading system) can improve inter-observer variability among pathologists in grading urothelial cancer, compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system (2004/2016).

Four pathologists examined all slides of bladder biopsy samples diagnosed as urothelial carcinoma, available in the archives of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from 2019 to 2022. Each pathologist reported the tumor grade based on both grading systems, independently of previous answers or the reports of their colleagues.

Of 132 samples, the majority were from men (84.1%); the mean age of patients was 66.56±11.31 years. For low and high grades of the WHO system and grade II in Cheng’s grading system, κ = 0.602; agreement was lower for grade III (κ = 0.439) and higher for grade IV (κ = 0.690) compared with the WHO grading system. There was significant agreement among the pathologists in all tumor characteristics, with excellent agreement for stromal invasion (κ = 0.790) and muscular invasion (κ = 0.884), fair to good agreement for WHO 2004/2016 grading (κ = 0.602) and Cheng’s grading (κ = 0.574) overall, and poor agreement for tumor heterogeneity (κ = 0.360).

Both grading systems demonstrated favorable agreement among pathologists, without significant differences between the two systems. These results confirm the appropriateness of both grading systems.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a pressing global health challenge. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators. Among these, the lncRNA ANRIL (antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus) has a role in cancer progression. The aim of this study was to look into possible links between a certain genetic variant of lncRNA ANRIL, rs10757278 A/G, and OSCC risk and tumor features in the Iranian population.

We conducted a case-control study, enrolling 101 OSCC patients and 115 healthy controls. We took out the genomic DNA and used the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR (tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction) method to find the rs10757278 genotype. We evaluated the associations between genotypes and both OSCC susceptibility and various tumor characteristics.

Although we did not observe significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between cases and controls, we revealed compelling associations between genotypes and tumor characteristics. Genotypes AG and GG were linked to smaller tumor sizes, while genotypes with at least one wild-type allele (A) were linked to well differentiated OSCC. Specific genotypes exhibited significant associations with tumor sites, with the tongue demonstrating the strongest correlation.

The rs10757278 A/G variant did not show a direct link with OSCC risk, but its complex effect on tumor behavior suggests that it may play a bigger role in the development of OSCC. These findings open avenues for future investigations to uncover hidden genetic interactions, and potentially inform more targeted therapeutic strategies.

Salivary gland tumors account for 3%-4% of all head and neck cancers, with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) being the most common type of salivary gland malignancy observed in adults. Intraosseous MEC, which originates in the jaws, is exceedingly rare. It is predominantly found in the posterior part of mandible and typically affects individuals aged 30-50, with a slight female predilection.

Case: 

A 50-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of mild swelling on the left side of palate. The patient did not report any difficulties in swallowing, chewing, or breathing. There was no history of pain, discharge, or bleeding associated with the swelling. During the physical examination, the patient appeared to be in good health. Intra-oral examination revealed a well-circumscribed, pale pink, oval, smooth, sessile, non-tender, and non-mobile nodule measuring 1.0 * 0.6 cm2 in size. Radiographic findings showed an expansile radiolucent lesion with thinning and perforation of the buccal and palatal cortices, as well as an elevation in the maxillary sinus floor.

Conclusion :

A rare case of central MEC (CMEC) in the maxilla was presented in this article. The clinical presentation of CMEC in the maxilla can pose challenges in the initial diagnosis, as it may resemble benign lesions, as observed in this case. Therefore, caution is advised in diagnosing CMEC, regardless of the lesion's location, in order to establish a timely and accurate diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment, even if the clinical features do not strongly indicate malignancy.

Telomeres consist of repetitive G-rich nucleotides located at the end of each chromosome, acting as protein binding sites. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in telomere length in blood, saliva, and tissue samples at various stages of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions.

Samples of blood, tissue, and saliva were collected from patients with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. DNA extraction was performed. Then, a TRAP assay was conducted to assess and compare the telomere length and telomerase expression.

The levels of telomerase activity (TA) in the DNA samples ranged from 0.19 to 6.91 (2.05+1.37) among oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and from 0.17 to 4.5 (0.28+4.25) among precancerous patients. A significant difference was observed in TA levels between OSCC and precancerous samples (t=3.9691, P= 0.0000).

Assessing the telomerase activity is crucial for studying the behavior of carcinoma in the clinical setting. The augmented telomerase expression and the length of telomere contribute to OSCC progression. Hence, this study adds a diagnostic tool that can serve as a biomarker for the early detection and prognosis of OSCC.

Endometrial Carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer with a global incidence of 23.2 per 1 lakh population. Histological subclassification of EC is extremely crucial for the diagnosis, proper management strategies, and prognosis. This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute to analyze the expression pattern of a minimum panel of 4 markers (ER, p53, CEA, Napsin A) with emphasis on their utility in the routine histological subtyping, aberrant expression, and correlation with various clinicopathological parameters.

A time-bound cross-sectional observational and analytical study was conducted, which includes cases diagnosed in our laboratory from January 2016 to April 2021.

Sixty cases diagnosed as EC during the study period formed the sample cases. The ER was expressed in 85% (53/60) of cases in the current study. Among them, 94% (50/53) were endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs). A negative correlation was found between ER intensity and age (r= -1.48). Of 60 EC cases, 10 (16%) cases expressed p53. The tumors positive for p53 with higher intensity were negative for ER and vice versa. The expression pattern of ER and p53 was statistically significant (P=-0.021). On IHC, 84.6% (11/13) of CEA-positive cases expressed both ER and CEA, suggesting mucinous differentiation. Napsin A was expressed in two cases of EEC, FIGO grade I, and one case of serous carcinoma.

An inverse association was found between ER and p53 expression. The CEA is valuable in identifying EEC with mucinous differentiation.

The Fujimori gate flap is known and used for the reconstruction of defects resulting from oncologic surgery. This case report describes the use of this flap to reconstruct the upper lip of a patient who had a defect following lip carcinoma, resulting in a loss of 2/3 of the upper lip tissue. The case involves a 34-year-old woman presenting a partial lip defect after upper lip carcinoma. She underwent a unilateral gate flap procedure, which allowed the authors to reconstruct the three levels of skin, muscle, and mucosa. Following surgery, no complications were observed. The patient was followed up at three months and a year later. She was able to speak and chew without any trouble after the flap restored oral competency. The patient’s treatment objectives, which included regaining oral competency and achieving an acceptable aesthetic result, were met thanks to the use of the Fujimori gate flap in this case. Compared to the use of other local, regional, or remote flaps, the flap also provides good color matching. The Fujimori flap ensures the restoration of the oral sphincter, in contrast to the typical flaps used to reconstruct the upper and lower lip, thereby promoting oral competence.

Lung carcinoma (LC) is a group of anomalies associated with abnormal respiratory cell divisions. Some studies reported the possible role of the miR-499 (rs3746444) polymorphism in LCs in various societies. In the current case-control study, we decided to investigate the role of miR-149C/T variant on LC occurrence in the Iranian population. In this case-control study, a total of 172 subjects (72 LC patients and 100 control) were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, for this aim, 5 ml peripheral blood sample was obtained from each subject and the genomic DNA was extracted by the salting-out method. After genotyping and data collection, the frequency of alleles and genotypes were statistically analyzed (SPSS, v.20). Since the results showed, in the frequency of all types of genotypes (Dominant, Codominant, Over-dominant, and Recessive) and associated alleles (C and T) in miR149C/T no significant difference (p >0.05) was observed in comparison between the patient group and the control group. According to the findings of this study there is no significant relation between the miR-499C/T (rs3746444) polymorphism and lung cancer occurrence and this polymorphism is not a significant risk factor for lung cancer in the Iranian population.

 Peganum harmala has emerged as a promising anti-diabetic medicine. There is no study regarding the impact of P. harmala concentration on the insulin secretion, C-peptide secretion, and glucose uptake. We investigated the effect of different concentrations of methanolic extracts of P. harmala seed and leaf on insulin and C-peptide secretion, and glucose uptake.

 After the cell passaging, pancreatic carcinoma cell line (PANC-1) and HT1080 were treated with different concentrations of seed and leaf extract of P. harmala, harmine, and ghrelin agonists. The MTT was employed to assess the cell survival at the selective doses, and using a spectrophotometer, the absorbance was determined at 570 nm. After 72-h treatment, the insulin and C-peptide secretion were measured by ELISA. To measure the intracellular glucose concentrations after treating muscle carcinoma cell lines, glucose oxidase method was utilized.

 P. harmala seed and leaf extracts increased the secretion of insulin and C-peptide in a dose-dependent manner compared to ghrelin and harmine. These extracts increased the intracellular glucose concentration at high doses (150 and 1500 µg/ml for the seed and leaf extract, respectively) of HT1080 cell line. However, their high concentration was toxic and reduced the cell survival. The methanolic extracts of seed showed a higher insulin (17.5-fold) and C-peptide (7.8-fold) secretion compared to the leaf methanolic extracts.

 Due to the presence of β-carbolines, the P. harmala seed extract has toxicity and affects insulin secretion and C-peptide uptake secretion at lower concentrations than those of leaf extract.

Based on the Liver Imaging Data and Reporting System (LI-RADS) guidelines, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed using imaging criteria in patients at risk of HCC.

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of LI-RADS in high-risk patients with HCC.

This systematic review is conducted on international databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, PROQUEST, and Cochrane Library, with appropriate keywords. Using the binomial distribution formula, the variance of each study was calculated, and all the data were analyzed using STATA version 16. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were determined using a random-effects meta-analysis approach. Also, we used the chi-squared test and I2 index to calculate heterogeneity among studies, and Funnel plots and Egger tests were used for evaluating publication bias.

The pooled sensitivity was estimated at 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76-0.84). According to different types of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (LI-RADS), the highest pooled sensitivity was in version 2018 (0.83 (95% CI: 0.79-0.87) (I2: 80.6%, P of chi 2 test for heterogeneity: <0.001 and T2: 0.001). The pooled specificity was estimated as 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87-0.92). According to different types of LI-RADS, the highest pooled specificity was in version 2014 (93.0 (95% CI: 89.0-96.0) (I2: 81.7%, P of chi 2 test for heterogeneity: <0.001 and T2: 0.001).  

LI-RADS can assist radiologists in achieving the required sensitivity and specificity in high-risk patients suspected to have HCC. Therefore, this strategy can serve as an appropriate tool for identifying HCC.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a serum glycoprotein created during gestation and is produced from the fetal liver and yolk sac. In some cases, AFP elevation has been associated with chronic and acute liver diseases and a limited number of cancers. AFP is a useful tumor marker in tumor diagnosis. This study presents a 46-year-old woman with no remarkable medical history who developed acute liver failure (ALF) due to the use of over-the-counter herbal medicine and was referred to our hospital for liver transplantation (LT). Imaging evaluations and laboratory test results demonstrated no evidence of malignancy or carcinoma. After LT, the histopathological report revealed no evidence of malignancy. The AFP level led into the normal range within 1 week after surgery. An increase in AFP serum level often occurs after cancer and malignancy, but in some cases, it can also occur after noncancerous diseases. As we reported in this case, the increase in AFP occurred after ALF and returned to its normal range after LT.

The prevalence of skin diseases varies geographically due to factors, such as etiology, environment, genetics, and lifestyle. The current study aimed to determine the incidence and distribution of skin disorders and to provide a description of the histomorphological spectrum.

This retrospective study was conducted over a period of two years, from June 2021 to May 2023. A total of 202 skin biopsy samples were evaluated. The histopathological examination of the lesions categorized them into eight groups based on the site, pattern of involvement, and cytological features, according to the Lever’s Histopathology of the Skin. Group 1 consisted of diseases limited to the epidermis and stratum corneum; group 2 consisted of diseases with localized superficial epidermal or melanocytic proliferation; group 3 consisted of diseases of the superficial cutaneous reactive unit; group 4 included diseases with acantholytic, vesicular, and pustular morphology; group 5 included diseases with perivascular, diffuse, and granulomatous infiltrate of the reticular dermis; group 6 included tumors and cysts of the dermis and subcutis; group 7 consisted of inflammatory disorders of skin appendages; and group 8 consisted of disorders of the subcutis.

A total of 202 skin biopsies were collected from individuals aged 8-87 years. The majority of the cases belonged to the age group of 31-40 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2:1. The trunk was the most common site of biopsy, accounting for 40% of the cases, followed by the upper limb in 25% of the cases. Histopathological lesions were categorized into eight groups based on the site, pattern, and cytological features. Neoplastic lesions, both benign and malignant, accounted for 10.9% of the cases. The majority of the lesions were related to group 6, accounting for 38.1% of the cases, with the epidermal cyst being the most common lesion (7.92%). Basal cell carcinoma, observed in 2.97% of the cases, was the most common lesion among the neoplastic lesions. Group 5 lesions were the third most common (19.8%), with leprosy accounting for 9.4% of these cases.

Histopathological examination of skin biopsies is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, and it is often supported by ancillary techniques. Leprosy was the most common disease identified in this study, which underscores the importance of effective preventive measures for control.

Women with endometriosis have a high risk of developing ovarian carcinoma that may occur due to endometriosis lesions. There is few research have so far focused on the clinical factors in patients with endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Accordingly, this study aimed at comparing the demographic and obstetric characteristics between ovarian cancer with and without endometriosis

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 EAOC patients and 140 non-EAOC individuals who had gone under surgery from 2011-17 at Al-Zahra hospital. Clinico-pathological characteristics of the two groups including first group only had malignant epithelial ovarian tumor (non-EAOC) and second group had both malignant epithelial ovarian tumor and endometriosis (EAOC). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

EAOC cases were significantly younger (P=0.002) and had lower number of pregnancy (P=0.002), parity (P=0.004), and term pregnancy (P=0.005) than non-EAOC patients. A large proportion of EAOC cases had clear cell and endometrioid histopathology in comparison to non-EAOC individuals (P<0.001) and most of the tumors in these cases were unilateral (P=0.01).

We found that age, parity, gravidity, and term pregnancy as well as laterality and histopathologic type of epithelial ovarian cancers vary in EAOC and non-EAOC individuals. Further research is required to identify these differences.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and various cellular activities. They also hold significant importance in the progression and development of human malignancies. Among these, miRNA-484 and the Fis-1 gene have been identified as having substantial roles in lung cancer. This study aims to ascertain miRNA-484 and Fis-1 gene expression levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this case-control study, 45 pairs of tumor tissues and their corresponding healthy margin tissues were surgically obtained from NSCLC patients and promptly preserved in liquid nitrogen after excision. Total RNA extraction was performed using TRIzol, followed by cDNA synthesis using a designated kit. Afterward, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure the expression levels of miRNA-484 and the Fis-1 gene. Furthermore, the clinicopathological characteristics of the NSCLC patients were assessed. Our findings revealed an upregulation of miRNA-484 expression and downregulation of Fis-1 gene expression in NSCLC tissues compared with non-tumor tissues. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between miRNA-484 and Fis-1 gene expression levels and clinicopathological features of the patients, including factors such as lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. These findings suggest the potential utility of Fis-1 and miR-484 as prognostic and diagnostic markers in NSCLC.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare tumor with epithelial cells origin in the jaw and face area. Here, we reported a case of this malignancy in the palate of a 43-years-old man. In this case report study, a 43-years-old man came to Shohada Qaen Hospital in January 2022 with a complaint of a sore in his mouth.  An adenoid cystic based hypo-echo lesion was reported in the ultrasound. The pathological examination of the biopsy obtained by outpatient sampling method showed malignant neoplastic tissue with proliferation, hyperchromatic nucleus with false cyst appearance and cribriform glands, and the diagnosis of oral adenoid cystic carcinoma was confirmed. The patient was treated surgically. The prognosis of this tumor is different depend on the tissue of the mass, the clinical stage of the tumor, the site of involvement and the presence of vascular or perineural invasion.