جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « carcinoma » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Salivary gland tumors account for 3%-4% of all head and neck cancers, with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) being the most common type of salivary gland malignancy observed in adults. Intraosseous MEC, which originates in the jaws, is exceedingly rare. It is predominantly found in the posterior part of mandible and typically affects individuals aged 30-50, with a slight female predilection.

Case: 

A 50-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of mild swelling on the left side of palate. The patient did not report any difficulties in swallowing, chewing, or breathing. There was no history of pain, discharge, or bleeding associated with the swelling. During the physical examination, the patient appeared to be in good health. Intra-oral examination revealed a well-circumscribed, pale pink, oval, smooth, sessile, non-tender, and non-mobile nodule measuring 1.0 * 0.6 cm2 in size. Radiographic findings showed an expansile radiolucent lesion with thinning and perforation of the buccal and palatal cortices, as well as an elevation in the maxillary sinus floor.

Conclusion :

A rare case of central MEC (CMEC) in the maxilla was presented in this article. The clinical presentation of CMEC in the maxilla can pose challenges in the initial diagnosis, as it may resemble benign lesions, as observed in this case. Therefore, caution is advised in diagnosing CMEC, regardless of the lesion's location, in order to establish a timely and accurate diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment, even if the clinical features do not strongly indicate malignancy.

Telomeres consist of repetitive G-rich nucleotides located at the end of each chromosome, acting as protein binding sites. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in telomere length in blood, saliva, and tissue samples at various stages of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions.

Samples of blood, tissue, and saliva were collected from patients with oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. DNA extraction was performed. Then, a TRAP assay was conducted to assess and compare the telomere length and telomerase expression.

The levels of telomerase activity (TA) in the DNA samples ranged from 0.19 to 6.91 (2.05+1.37) among oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and from 0.17 to 4.5 (0.28+4.25) among precancerous patients. A significant difference was observed in TA levels between OSCC and precancerous samples (t=3.9691, P= 0.0000).

Assessing the telomerase activity is crucial for studying the behavior of carcinoma in the clinical setting. The augmented telomerase expression and the length of telomere contribute to OSCC progression. Hence, this study adds a diagnostic tool that can serve as a biomarker for the early detection and prognosis of OSCC.

Endometrial Carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer with a global incidence of 23.2 per 1 lakh population. Histological subclassification of EC is extremely crucial for the diagnosis, proper management strategies, and prognosis. This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute to analyze the expression pattern of a minimum panel of 4 markers (ER, p53, CEA, Napsin A) with emphasis on their utility in the routine histological subtyping, aberrant expression, and correlation with various clinicopathological parameters.

A time-bound cross-sectional observational and analytical study was conducted, which includes cases diagnosed in our laboratory from January 2016 to April 2021.

Sixty cases diagnosed as EC during the study period formed the sample cases. The ER was expressed in 85% (53/60) of cases in the current study. Among them, 94% (50/53) were endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs). A negative correlation was found between ER intensity and age (r= -1.48). Of 60 EC cases, 10 (16%) cases expressed p53. The tumors positive for p53 with higher intensity were negative for ER and vice versa. The expression pattern of ER and p53 was statistically significant (P=-0.021). On IHC, 84.6% (11/13) of CEA-positive cases expressed both ER and CEA, suggesting mucinous differentiation. Napsin A was expressed in two cases of EEC, FIGO grade I, and one case of serous carcinoma.

An inverse association was found between ER and p53 expression. The CEA is valuable in identifying EEC with mucinous differentiation.

The Fujimori gate flap is known and used for the reconstruction of defects resulting from oncologic surgery. This case report describes the use of this flap to reconstruct the upper lip of a patient who had a defect following lip carcinoma, resulting in a loss of 2/3 of the upper lip tissue. The case involves a 34-year-old woman presenting a partial lip defect after upper lip carcinoma. She underwent a unilateral gate flap procedure, which allowed the authors to reconstruct the three levels of skin, muscle, and mucosa. Following surgery, no complications were observed. The patient was followed up at three months and a year later. She was able to speak and chew without any trouble after the flap restored oral competency. The patient’s treatment objectives, which included regaining oral competency and achieving an acceptable aesthetic result, were met thanks to the use of the Fujimori gate flap in this case. Compared to the use of other local, regional, or remote flaps, the flap also provides good color matching. The Fujimori flap ensures the restoration of the oral sphincter, in contrast to the typical flaps used to reconstruct the upper and lower lip, thereby promoting oral competence.

Lung carcinoma (LC) is a group of anomalies associated with abnormal respiratory cell divisions. Some studies reported the possible role of the miR-499 (rs3746444) polymorphism in LCs in various societies. In the current case-control study, we decided to investigate the role of miR-149C/T variant on LC occurrence in the Iranian population. In this case-control study, a total of 172 subjects (72 LC patients and 100 control) were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, for this aim, 5 ml peripheral blood sample was obtained from each subject and the genomic DNA was extracted by the salting-out method. After genotyping and data collection, the frequency of alleles and genotypes were statistically analyzed (SPSS, v.20). Since the results showed, in the frequency of all types of genotypes (Dominant, Codominant, Over-dominant, and Recessive) and associated alleles (C and T) in miR149C/T no significant difference (p >0.05) was observed in comparison between the patient group and the control group. According to the findings of this study there is no significant relation between the miR-499C/T (rs3746444) polymorphism and lung cancer occurrence and this polymorphism is not a significant risk factor for lung cancer in the Iranian population.

 Peganum harmala has emerged as a promising anti-diabetic medicine. There is no study regarding the impact of P. harmala concentration on the insulin secretion, C-peptide secretion, and glucose uptake. We investigated the effect of different concentrations of methanolic extracts of P. harmala seed and leaf on insulin and C-peptide secretion, and glucose uptake.

 After the cell passaging, pancreatic carcinoma cell line (PANC-1) and HT1080 were treated with different concentrations of seed and leaf extract of P. harmala, harmine, and ghrelin agonists. The MTT was employed to assess the cell survival at the selective doses, and using a spectrophotometer, the absorbance was determined at 570 nm. After 72-h treatment, the insulin and C-peptide secretion were measured by ELISA. To measure the intracellular glucose concentrations after treating muscle carcinoma cell lines, glucose oxidase method was utilized.

 P. harmala seed and leaf extracts increased the secretion of insulin and C-peptide in a dose-dependent manner compared to ghrelin and harmine. These extracts increased the intracellular glucose concentration at high doses (150 and 1500 µg/ml for the seed and leaf extract, respectively) of HT1080 cell line. However, their high concentration was toxic and reduced the cell survival. The methanolic extracts of seed showed a higher insulin (17.5-fold) and C-peptide (7.8-fold) secretion compared to the leaf methanolic extracts.

 Due to the presence of β-carbolines, the P. harmala seed extract has toxicity and affects insulin secretion and C-peptide uptake secretion at lower concentrations than those of leaf extract.

Based on the Liver Imaging Data and Reporting System (LI-RADS) guidelines, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed using imaging criteria in patients at risk of HCC.

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of LI-RADS in high-risk patients with HCC.

This systematic review is conducted on international databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, PROQUEST, and Cochrane Library, with appropriate keywords. Using the binomial distribution formula, the variance of each study was calculated, and all the data were analyzed using STATA version 16. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were determined using a random-effects meta-analysis approach. Also, we used the chi-squared test and I2 index to calculate heterogeneity among studies, and Funnel plots and Egger tests were used for evaluating publication bias.

The pooled sensitivity was estimated at 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76-0.84). According to different types of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (LI-RADS), the highest pooled sensitivity was in version 2018 (0.83 (95% CI: 0.79-0.87) (I2: 80.6%, P of chi 2 test for heterogeneity: <0.001 and T2: 0.001). The pooled specificity was estimated as 0.89 (95% CI: 0.87-0.92). According to different types of LI-RADS, the highest pooled specificity was in version 2014 (93.0 (95% CI: 89.0-96.0) (I2: 81.7%, P of chi 2 test for heterogeneity: <0.001 and T2: 0.001).  

LI-RADS can assist radiologists in achieving the required sensitivity and specificity in high-risk patients suspected to have HCC. Therefore, this strategy can serve as an appropriate tool for identifying HCC.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a serum glycoprotein created during gestation and is produced from the fetal liver and yolk sac. In some cases, AFP elevation has been associated with chronic and acute liver diseases and a limited number of cancers. AFP is a useful tumor marker in tumor diagnosis. This study presents a 46-year-old woman with no remarkable medical history who developed acute liver failure (ALF) due to the use of over-the-counter herbal medicine and was referred to our hospital for liver transplantation (LT). Imaging evaluations and laboratory test results demonstrated no evidence of malignancy or carcinoma. After LT, the histopathological report revealed no evidence of malignancy. The AFP level led into the normal range within 1 week after surgery. An increase in AFP serum level often occurs after cancer and malignancy, but in some cases, it can also occur after noncancerous diseases. As we reported in this case, the increase in AFP occurred after ALF and returned to its normal range after LT.

Women with endometriosis have a high risk of developing ovarian carcinoma that may occur due to endometriosis lesions. There is few research have so far focused on the clinical factors in patients with endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Accordingly, this study aimed at comparing the demographic and obstetric characteristics between ovarian cancer with and without endometriosis

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 EAOC patients and 140 non-EAOC individuals who had gone under surgery from 2011-17 at Al-Zahra hospital. Clinico-pathological characteristics of the two groups including first group only had malignant epithelial ovarian tumor (non-EAOC) and second group had both malignant epithelial ovarian tumor and endometriosis (EAOC). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

EAOC cases were significantly younger (P=0.002) and had lower number of pregnancy (P=0.002), parity (P=0.004), and term pregnancy (P=0.005) than non-EAOC patients. A large proportion of EAOC cases had clear cell and endometrioid histopathology in comparison to non-EAOC individuals (P<0.001) and most of the tumors in these cases were unilateral (P=0.01).

We found that age, parity, gravidity, and term pregnancy as well as laterality and histopathologic type of epithelial ovarian cancers vary in EAOC and non-EAOC individuals. Further research is required to identify these differences.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and various cellular activities. They also hold significant importance in the progression and development of human malignancies. Among these, miRNA-484 and the Fis-1 gene have been identified as having substantial roles in lung cancer. This study aims to ascertain miRNA-484 and Fis-1 gene expression levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this case-control study, 45 pairs of tumor tissues and their corresponding healthy margin tissues were surgically obtained from NSCLC patients and promptly preserved in liquid nitrogen after excision. Total RNA extraction was performed using TRIzol, followed by cDNA synthesis using a designated kit. Afterward, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure the expression levels of miRNA-484 and the Fis-1 gene. Furthermore, the clinicopathological characteristics of the NSCLC patients were assessed. Our findings revealed an upregulation of miRNA-484 expression and downregulation of Fis-1 gene expression in NSCLC tissues compared with non-tumor tissues. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between miRNA-484 and Fis-1 gene expression levels and clinicopathological features of the patients, including factors such as lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. These findings suggest the potential utility of Fis-1 and miR-484 as prognostic and diagnostic markers in NSCLC.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare tumor with epithelial cells origin in the jaw and face area. Here, we reported a case of this malignancy in the palate of a 43-years-old man. In this case report study, a 43-years-old man came to Shohada Qaen Hospital in January 2022 with a complaint of a sore in his mouth.  An adenoid cystic based hypo-echo lesion was reported in the ultrasound. The pathological examination of the biopsy obtained by outpatient sampling method showed malignant neoplastic tissue with proliferation, hyperchromatic nucleus with false cyst appearance and cribriform glands, and the diagnosis of oral adenoid cystic carcinoma was confirmed. The patient was treated surgically. The prognosis of this tumor is different depend on the tissue of the mass, the clinical stage of the tumor, the site of involvement and the presence of vascular or perineural invasion.

The maintenance of homeostasis can be influenced by the gut microbiota. An imbalance in the gut microbiota, known as gut microbiota dysbiosis, can result in the deterioration of the mucosal layer and the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Consequently, this can lead to the infiltration of bacteria into the lamina propria. The disruption in the gut microbiota balance can also trigger innate immune responses, causing inflammation. Consequently, this inflammation has the potential to initiate various types of cancers. Numerous studies have indicated that probiotics play a direct or indirect role in regulating immune responses by modulating the gut microbiota. Hence, they can be employed as a preventive measure against cancer. This review aims to explore the potential of probiotics in countering cancer metastasis and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells in different types of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, and cervical cancer.

This study aimed to compare the effects of laser photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue (MB) or aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.

In this in vitro experimental study, the C152 (KB) OSCC cell line was cultured in a culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM concentrations of MB and ALA alone and combined with diode laser irradiation with 660 nm wavelength, 40 mW power, and 10 J/cm2 energy density in continuous‑wave mode perpendicular to the surface. Cell viability was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and compared among the groups by the Kruskal–Wallis test.

The results showed that the reduction in cell viability in the MB + laser and ALA + laser groups was greater than that in the MB and ALA groups without laser (P < 0.001). Significant differences were noted in cell viability in the presence of some different concentrations of MB and ALA (P < 0.05), such that by an increase in their concentration, cell viability decreased. Cell viability in the MB + laser group was significantly lower than that in the ALA + laser group in some photosensitizer concentrations (P < 0.05).

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the results showed that laser PDT with MB (high concentrations) was more effective than laser PDT with ALA against the OSCC cell line.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common human solid tumor and the leading cause of cancer death. SCC of the breast is a very rare type of cancer that has not been well researched. Early identification of the genetic factors involved can lead to early diagnosis and targeted treatment. The present study was conducted in 2018 at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Isfahan, Iran). The proband was a 66-year-old woman with SCC of the breast and a positive family history of cancer. Blood DNA samples were used for whole-exome sequencing to identify germline pathogenic variants. Variant annotation and prioritization were done on variant call format files using bioinformatics software tools. The screened variants were confirmed using the Sanger sequencing method. Co-segregation analysis was performed on the blood DNA samples of the first- and second-degree relatives of the proband to assess the presence of the mutation. A novel germline pathogenic variant was identified in the RECQL4 gene of the family. RECQL4 is a known protein in DNA repair and replication. Considering its effect on other types of SCC, it may play an important role in SCC initiation and progression in the breast.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Since there are many factors that influence the development of cancer, identifying risk factors plays an important role in cancer prevention. The aim of this study was therefore to identify the risk factors for HNSCC in Mashhad, Iran. In this case-control study, 76 patients with HNSCC were included as the case and 91 healthy people as the control group. A checklist of risk factors was completed for each participant and the two groups were compared for the presence of risk factors. Chi-square, t test, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the data. Odds ratios (ORs) for several factors have also been determined. The educational level and body mass index (BMI) of the patients in the case group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of risk factors such as tobacco smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and its duration (P=0.001, P<0.001, P=0.05), as well as the duration of hookah smoking, opium consumed per day and use of alcohol (P=0.023, P<0.001, P=0.015). There was a direct relationship between HNSCC and risk factors such as cigarette smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of cigarette consumption and hookah, opium consumed per day, and alcohol use. However, extensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better assess the impact of these factors and generalize the results.

The study is intended to identify the independent predictors of clinical T1 (cT1) renal cell carcinoma upstaging to pathological T3a (pT3a) and construct the predictive nomogram model.

The data of cT1 renal cell carcinoma was collected from patients who were treated in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2010 to December 2016. Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests were performed to analyze continuous and categorical variables respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of upstaging. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression were performed to analyze survival materials.

Among 1,376 cT1 renal cell carcinoma patients, 75 patients were observed upstaging to pT3a, accounting for 5.5%. There were 6 potential predictors of upstaging, i.e age, clinical symptom, tumor size, Fuhrman grade, tumor necrosis and tumor edge regularity. The 5-year recurrence free survival probabilities of upstaging and non-upstaging patients were 73.3% and 91.1%, respectively and upstaging was an independent predictor of recurrence free survival. Two predictive nomograms were constructed and the C-index of them were 0.842 and 0.806, and the calibration curve and decision curve analysis showed highly clinical accuracy of the nomograms.

Two nomogram models were built to predict the probability of cT1 renal cell carcinoma upstaging to pT3a with highly accuracy and specificity. Upstaging was an independent risk factor of recurrence free survival for cT1 renal cell carcinoma patients.

Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a cell membrane protein found on the surface of cancer cells, immune system cells in the tumor microenvironment, and various healthy tissues. Moreover, it plays a key role in suppressing the immune system.

We aim to explain the presence of PD-L1 in Head-Neck Squamosus Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) and premalign lesions by immunohistochemical method.

Our retrospective study included 22 patients with HNSCC (15(68.1%) Oral cavity and 7(31.9%) Oropharynx), 20 patients with oral lichen planus, and 14 patients with normal oral cavity mucosa. In the evaluation of PD-L1 antibodies applied immunohistochemically in patients with HNSCC, the percentage of tumor cells showing membranous staining with PD-L1 antibodies was calculated.

The mean age of HNSCC patients participating in the study was 52.24 ± 11.7 years, the mean age of oral lichen planus patients was 34.10 ± 9.8 years, and the control patients' mean age was 31.42 ± 10.6 years. The rate of PD-L1 staining of tumor cells of HNSCC patients was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.001).

The importance of PD-L1 expression in HNSCC and precancerous lesions of the oral cavity is remarkable, and the values may be related to the pathophysiology of these diseases.

Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and genetic information. DNA methyltransferases are a family of enzymes that methylate DNA at the promoter region of the gene which can significantly contribute to gene silencing and carcinogenesis. In addition, histone deacetylation leads to gene silencing and tumorigenesis. Our previous work indicated that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can induce its apoptotic role through down‑regulation of HDACs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 5’‑fluoro‑2’‑deoxycytidine (FdCyd) and sodium butyrate on the genes of intrinsic apoptotic pathway (BAX, BAK and APAF1, Bcl‑2, and Bcl‑xL), p21, p27, and p53 gene expression, cell viability, and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B, SMMC‑7721, and HA22T/VGH cell lines.

The Hep3B, SMMC‑7721, and HA22T/VGH cells were cultured and treated with FdCyd and sodium butyrate. To determine cell viability, cell apoptosis, and the relative gene expression level, MTT assay, flow cytometry assay, and quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction were done, respectively.

Both compounds induced significant cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis significantly (P < 0.0001). Sodium butyrate up‑regulated the BAX, BAK, APAF1, p21, p27, and p53 and down‑regulated Bcl‑2, and Bcl‑xL significantly in all three cell lines. Similar results were observed in the Hep3B, and SMMC‑7721 cell lines treated with FdCyd. It has no significant effect on p53 gene expression in HA22T/VGH. The expression of the other genes in this cell line was similar to other cell lines.

Both compounds induced their roles through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway to induce cell apoptosis