جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « cdr1 » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »
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مقدمه
قارچ های فرصت طلب در افراد دارای ضعف ایمنی، با تشکیل بیوفیلم مقاوم به داروهای ضدقارچی، عفونت ایجاد می کنند. در این مطالعه به بررسی بیان ژن های CDR1,MDR1 در مراحل تشکیل بیوفیلم توسط گونه های کاندیدای جداشده از نمونه های بالینی پرداخته شده است.
مواد و روش ها100 سواپ دهانی، واژینال و مدفوعی از افراد دارای نقایص ایمنی و فیزیولوژی و افراد نرمال نمونه برداری شد. جدایه ها با آزمون های آزمایشگاهی و محیط کشت اختصاصی کروم آگار کاندیدا شناسایی و وجود ژن های مقاومت با روش مولکولی اثبات گردید. تشکیل بیوفیلم در حضور و نبود آمفوتریسین- ب در جدایه ها با استفاده از آزمایش کریستال ویوله و عکس میکروسکوپ نگاره بررسی شد. میزان بیان ژن های CDR1 و MDR1 با استفاده از تکنیک Realtime PCR تعیین گردید.
یافته های پژوهش:
بیش از 50 درصد جدایه های جداسازی شده کاندیدا آلبیکنس و فراوانی سایر جدایه ها 33/8 درصد بود. از میان 60 جدایه که از نظر ژنوتایپ بررسی شدند، تنها 48 جدایه کاندیدا واجد هر دو ژن CDR1,MDR1 بودند. بررسی های آماری نتایج نشان داد، داروی آمفوتریسین- ب طی مدت سی ساعت پس از تشکیل بیوفیلم، به صورت معنی داری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، موجب کاهش بیان ژن های مقاومت می شود (P<0.05).
بحث و نتیجه گیریبیان ژن های مقاومت در کاندیدا آلبیکنس و کاندیدا تروپیکالیس در افزایش تشکیل بیوفیلم و بروز کاندیدیازیس موثر است. بیان هم زمان ژن های مقاومت در افزایش بیماری زایی کاندیدا آلبیکنس موثر است. غلظت subMIC آمفوتریسین- ب به صورت معنی داری موجب کاهش بیان ژن های مقاومت و کاهش تشکیل بیوفیلم در جدایه های کاندیدا می شود.
کلید واژگان: کاندیدا آلبیکنس, کاندیدیازیس, بیوفیلم, CDR1, MDR1, Multiplex PCR}IntroductionOpportunistic fungi create biofilm resistant to active antifungal drugs in immunocompromised people. The present study aimed to assess the expression of CDR1 and MDR1 genes in the stages of biofilm formation by candidate species isolated from clinical samples.
Material & Methods100 oral, vaginal, and fecal swabs were sampled from people with immune and physiological defects and normal people. The isolates were identified by laboratory tests and specific Candida chrome agar culture medium, and the presence of resistance genes was proved by molecular method. The formation of biofilm in the presence and absence of amphotericin B- in the strains was investigated using the crystal violet test and scanning electron microscope photo. The expression level of CDR1 and MDR1 genes was determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.
ResultsMore than 50% of isolated strains were Candida albicans, and the frequency of other strains was 8.33%. Among the 60 strains that were investigated in terms of genotype, only 48 Candida strains had both CDR1 and MDR1 genes. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the amphotericin B-drug during 30 hours after biofilm formation significantly reduced the expression of resistance genes compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Discussion & ConclusionThe expression of resistance genes in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis is effective in increasing biofilm formation and the occurrence of candidiasis. Simultaneous expression of resistance genes is effective in increasing Candida albicans pathogenicity. The sub-MIC concentration of amphotericin B significantly reduces the expression of resistance genes and biofilm formation in Candida strains.
Keywords: Biofilms, Candida Albicans, Candidiasis, CDR1, MDR1, Multiplex PCR} -
Background and Purpose
This study aimed to assess the effect of Allium cepa ethanolic extract (ACE) loaded polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers on Candida albicans (C. albicans) CDR1 and CDR2 genes expression.
Materials and MethodsThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ACE against C. albicans ATCC 10231 and clinical fluconazole (FLC)-resistant C. albicans PFCC 93-902 were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol (M27-Ed4) at a concentration range of 45.3-5800 µg/ml. The nanofibers containing ACE (60 wt%) were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The expression of the CDR1 and CDR2 genes was studied in the fungus exposed to ACE loaded nanofibers and 0.5×MIC concentration of FLC using the real-time polymerase chain reaction.
ResultsMIC50 and MIC90 of ACE against FLC-resistant C. albicans were 725 and 1450/mL, respectively. The expression of CDR1 (4.5-fold) and CDR2 (6.3-fold) were down-regulated after the exposure of FLC-resistant C. albicans to ACE-loaded nanofibers (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of CDR1 (2.8-fold) and CDR2 (3.2- fold) were up-regulated in FLC-treated C. albicans (P<0.05).
ConclusionThe results revealed that nanofibers containing ACE interact with drug resistant genes expressed in C. albicans. Further studies are recommended to investigate the mode of action and other biological activities of ACE-loaded nanofibers against C. albicans and other pathogenic fungi
Keywords: Allium cepa, candida albicans, CDR1, CDR2, Gene expression, PAN, PVP nanofibers} -
Background andPurposeCandida albicans is the most common Candida species (spp.) isolated from fungal infections. Azole resistance in Candida species has been considerably increased in the last decades. Given the toxicity of the antimicrobial drugs, resistance to antifungal agents, and drug interactions, the identification of new antifungal agents seems essential. In this study, we assessed the antifungal effects of biogenic selenium nanoparticles on C. albicans and determined the expression of ERG11 and CDR1 genes.Materials And MethodsSelenium nanoparticles were synthesized with Bacillus sp. MSH-1. The ultrastructure of selenium nanoparticles was evaluated with a transmission electron microscope. The antifungal susceptibility test was performed according to the modified Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3 standard protocol. The expression levels of the CDR1 and ERG11 genes were analyzed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay.ResultsThe azole-resistant C. albicans and wild type C. albicans strains were inhibited by 100 and 70 µg/mL of selenium nanoparticle concentrations, respectively. The expression of CDR1 and ERG11 genes was significantly down-regulated in these selenium nanoparticle concentrations.ConclusionAs the findings indicated, selenium nanoparticles had an appropriate antifungal activity against fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible C. albicans strains. Accordingly, these nanoparticles reduced the expression of CDR1 and ERG11 genes associated with azole resistance. Further studies are needed to investigate the synergistic effects of selenium nanoparticles using other antifungal drugs.Keywords: Candida albicans, Nanoparticles, ERG 11, CDR1}
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BackgroundThe opportunistic fungi, particularly Candida glabrata has been known as main etiologic agents of life-threating infections in some patients. Although fluconazole is the most effective antifungal agent against candidiasis, C. glabrata, fluconazole-resistant strains have been increased recently overexpression or mutations of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family membrane proteins such as; Cg CDR1, Cg CDR2 are responsible for fluconazole resistance in a large proportion of candidiasis cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate CDR1 gene expression level as one of main mechanism involved in this resistance using.MethodsCandida glabrata strains were collected from various clinical samples in hospitals of Tehran in 2015 . After validation of all isolates by conventional and molecular methods, the susceptibility analysis to fluconazole of all isolates was performed using CLSI broth microdilution M27-A3 and M27-S4 protocols. Two isolates have been selected based on difference in susceptibility and CDR1-mRNA expression level of isolates was measured by Real-time PCR method.ResultsSusceptibility results revealed that 32%, 64% and 4% of strains were susceptible, dose-dependent (DD) and resistant to fluconazole respectively. Furthermore, resistance strain of C. glabrata (MIC≥64 µg/ml) showed overexpression of CDR1 compared with sensitive strain in Real-time PCR analysis.ConclusionThus, it is necessary to investigate the functions of CgCDR1 genes as a transporter-related gene.Keywords: Candida glabrata, CDR1, Fluconazole resistance, Real-time PCR}
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