جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "chloride" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Acute heart failure is a common clinical syndrome leading to hospital admission, with few evidence-based therapies for managing congestion. This trial aims to assess the efficacy of acetazolamide combined with loop diuretics in achieving decongestion among patients who fail to respond to oral diuretics and progress to acute decompensated heart failure in the absence of injectable furosemide.

This single-center, double-blind randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio aims to evaluate 130 patients admitted to the infusion ward. Participants will receive standard furosemide treatment and be randomized to either oral acetazolamide (250 mg twice daily) or placebo for 3 consecutive days. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of combined oral acetazolamide and furosemide therapy in achieving decongestion. The prespecified secondary outcomes include the following: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels on day 30, readmission rates within 3 months, health-related quality of life as assessed by the Heart Failure Quality of Life Questionnaire at 3 months, and changes in weight, creatinine levels, urinary sodium excretion, potassium levels, and hematological indices from the complete blood count on day 3 of the trial.

Diuretic resistance commonly occurs in patients with heart failure, underscoring the urgent need for innovative interventions that can effectively address the limitations of current diuretics, including diuretic resistance and electrolyte imbalances, while enhancing their efficacy in this patient population.

Dyschloremia is one of the most prevalent abnormalities that is highly associated with a high level of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The current study evaluated serum chloride levels in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 245 patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Electrolytes, albumin, liver function test, complete blood count, serum chloride, and VBG were among the laboratory markers compared. The Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between these markers and the key outcomes, which included severity, mortality, intubation, and hospitalization.

The Mean±SD age of patients was 58.16±17 years. The mean serum chloride level in the studied patients was 109.6±5.1 with a range of 100-134. According to the regression logistic model, variables like age, intubation status, pH, and chlorine levels significantly affected the outcome of COVID-19 disease. Patients with acidosis were 4.7 times more likely to die than those with alkalosis (P<0.001). The chance of dying in hyperchloremia is 2.38 times more compared to the normochloremia group (P<0.009).

Patients with severe COVID-19 may present with chlorine abnormalities, including hyperchloremia. Hyperchloremia is also associated with poor clinical outcomes and a higher mortality risk. This relationship was independent of acid-base disorder.

Pit latrines are the most common human excreta and urine disposal facilities in low-income countries because they are economical. However, leachate from the facilities may percolate into the ground and compromise groundwater, necessitating periodic monitoring of nearby groundwater. This study assessed the effects of pit latrines on borehole and well water in Adesoye, Barracks, Onigbongbo, Arowojobe, and Shonibare in Maryland, Lagos, Nigeria. Water samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, calcium, pH, and chloride), heavy metals (lead, nickel, cadmium, copper, and zinc) and microbial content (bacteria, coliforms, and fungi). The mean values of each parameter was compared with the World Health Organization standards and used to calculate the average daily intake (ADI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of the heavy metals. The physicochemical analysis revealed that each of the borehole and well water samples contained permissible levels of electrical conductivity and calcium. They also contained one or more non-permissible levels of pH, hardness, total dissolved solids, and chloride. The heavy metal analysis revealed non-permissible levels of lead and nickel in all of the water samples, while other heavy metals were within the permissible limits. Total bacteria and coliforms were above the permissible limits in all of the water samples, while fungi were undetected in some samples. The ADI and HQ of the heavy metals were within the threshold limit. The results suggest that groundwater in the areas is unsuitable for consumption. Consumers should treat groundwater and seek experts’ advice before sinking groundwater.

Membrane clogging is one of the most important problem for desalination plant operators in Iran, therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the main causes of this problem using field analysis.

In this study, six continuous membranes in a reverse osmosis (RO) pressure vessel under the 33-month service period (April 2017 to November 2019) were selected. The membranes were analyzed through visual evaluation of the outer and inner membrane surface, analyzing the damages and physical harms, oxidative stress tests, iron spot test, fouling chemical analysis using loss on ignition (LOI) tests, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

Particle size distribution in raw seawater (EC = 55 000 µs/cm, turbidity = 11 NTU) was 66.4% smaller than 1 µ and 28.3% between 1 to 1.9 µm. Physical damages were not seen on the membranes but telescopic damages were observed which was due to membrane fouling. Removal efficiencies of turbidity and silt density index (SDI) were 84% and 18%, respectively. Membrane oxidation was also seen. Most of the sediments compositions on the membranes were SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, and Fe2O3. Biological fouling was detected on the membranes surface.

Inaccurate use of chlorine neutralizer caused the residual chlorine to be present in the membrane entering water, which damaged the membrane. Accumulation of clogging agents on membrane surface showed malfunction of pretreatment function, therefore, revision of design and operation of units is necessary. Biological fouling is due to non-effective pre-chlorination of drinking water. Metallic compounds sedimentation on the membrane is due to improper use of anti-fouling chemicals. High SDI in the influent shows the need to change the cartridge filters.

Backgrounds and Aims: Stroke incidence rate has increased during the past 2 decades. The question of whether calcium, chloride, potassium, sodium levels are associated with stroke has remained controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride within stroke patients.
The study participants consisted of 53 cconsecutive stroke patients as well as 53 healthy subjects.The stroke was defined by focal neurological signs. After collection of blood samples, serum levels of calcium, chloride, potassium and sodium concentration were measured by standard laboratory method.
Serum calcium level in the patient group was significantly increased as compared to the control group [11.0±1.3) vs. 9.4±0.7, mg/dl], whereas serum potassium level in the patient group was decreased as compared to the control group [3.5±0.6 vs. 3.9±0.4, mmol/L]. Serum sodium level in the patient group was slightly low as compared to the control group [136.3 ±0.6 vs. 136.7 ±5.5, mmol/L]. Moreover, serum chloride level in the patient group was slightly high as compared to the control group [102.4±7.9 vs. 100.7±6.2, mmol/L].
The study results demonstrated that a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between serum electrolytes or ionic levels and stroke status. Changes in calcium, chloride, potassium and sodium levels during stroke may be a good biochemical marker of diagnosis for this disease. Therefore, these biochemical factors could play a useful role in the stroke. However, further studies are demanded to confirm the validity of study.