جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cholestyramine" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Ibuprofen, is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that due to its higher efficiency and less side effects (as compared with other NSAIDs), is widely used specially for children, but its short half life (1.8-2 hours) and requiring to multiple dosing makes it a good candidate drug for sustained release dosage forms. In this study, Ion-exchange resin system was used to achieve this aim. Ibuprofen was loaded on cholestyramine (an anionic exchanger resin), using a batch method. The resin-drug complex was encapsulated with different amounts of either ethyl cellulose 10cps or 100cps (as a wall – forming agent), by using a solvent evaporation technique. Fractional coat, drug content and drug release rate were determined. Different amounts of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), by using pretreatment method were added to the microencapsulation formula which had the lowest release rate and the later tests were done. The mean amount of drug loaded on resin was 44.8% ± 0.81%. The In vitro release data showed that ethyl cellulose 100cps (EC 100) could not slow release rate of drug and release from these microcapsules, similar to uncoated complex, occurred via particle diffusion (Bt) model. But ethyl cellulose 10cps (EC10), had a significant inhibitory effect on drug release rate. The lowest release rate was obtained from microcapsules with 30% EC10 (C30). PEG4000 caused an increase in the rate of drug release from EC1 coated complexes. All EC10 coated Formulations (with or without PEG4000) except for (C30) followed a square root of time model, the excepted kinetics for homogeneous and granular matrix systems. The most desirable release profile was obtained from C30 formulation which showed a zero order kinetics. Based on the mentioned results EC10 can produce more uniform film than EC100 which has stronger cohesion force. Because of hydrophilicity of PEG 4000, it acts as a channeling agent. In dissolution medium it dissolves out of the microcapsules and leaves channels in EC10 film, from which drug can be released more rapidly.

Anethum is a herbal drug production and prescription of which, as a lipid lowering drug, has been approved in Iran. Its widespread use and lack of studies done on it emphasizes on the necessity of a controlled clinical trial. Two hundred and one hypercholesterolemic patients (total cholesterol >240 mg/d) diagnosed on basis of two consecutive lab tests, separated by at least two weeks, comprised the study population. Patients were randomized into the following therapy groups after 2 weeks of diet therapy: 1) Cholestyramine 12 g per day, 2) Nicotinic acid 3 g per day, 3) Cholestyramine 12g per day plus Nicotinic acid 3 g per day, 4) Anethum 6 tablets per day, 5) Placebo. One hundred and fourteen patients completed the 2 months follow up. A third lab test at the end of the course revealed a 2.0% reduction of cholesterol level in the anethum group. Triglyceride had %3.1 rise in anethum group (not significant). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was increased by 6.1% in the anethum group (not significant). The most common side effects of anethum were non specific complaints (i.e. malaise and fatigue). One patient discontinued therapy because of abdominal pain. Anethum caused a 2.2 mg/dl rise in blood urea nitrogen (P=0.016) and 0.12 mg/dl rise in creatinine (P=0.019).Based on the results, we conclude that anethum is not significantly different from placebo in its therapeutic effects, moreover there are clinical evidence on its untoward effects by increasing LDL-C. Although this study hasn’t proved untoward effects of anethum statistically but showes lack of any beneficial effects.

The purpose of this clinical trial is a short course study about effectiveness and side effects of Anethum in combined hyperlipidemic patients. Two hundred and ninety eight older than fifteen years old patients with combined hyperlipidemia (serum total cholesterol >240mg/dl and triglyceride >250mg/dl) were included in this controlled, double blind, randomized clinical trial. Two hundred and three patients (68.1%) completed the two months period of trial. After two weeks of therapeutic lifestyle changes (diet and sports), patients were randomized into five following groups 1. Nicotinic Acid 3g daily; 2. Nicotinic Acid 3g daily plus Cholestyramine 12g daily; 3. Clofibrate 2g daily; 4. Anethum 6 tablets daily; and 5. Placebo 3 capsules daily. After two months, there was no significant differences between the changes observed in lipid profile in Anethum and placebo groups. Considering the effect on total cholesterol level, the difference between Anethum group (-5%), the first (-22.1%) and the second group (-17.2%) (P<0.000); the effect on triglyceride level, the difference between Anethum group (-16.3%), the first (-54.8%) and the third group (-38%) (P<0.000); and the effect on HDL-cholesterol level, the difference between Anethum group (+1%) and the first group (+30.8%) (P=0.001) was significant. The least complaints were in Anethum group (16%) and the most in the second group (74%). No changes in other biochemical tests were significantly different between Anethum and placebo groups. According to these results there is no superiority for Anethum in comparison of placebo to improve the lipid profile in combined hyperlipidemic patients for a two-month course. Although the side effects of Anethum are less than other well defined drugs.