جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « computer users » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the cumulative injuries that result from working in dangerous conditions and poor postures over several years. One of the major problems for computer users is musculoskeletal disorders. The present study investigated the effect of teaching ergonomics to computer users on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on the administrative staff of Imam Reza (AS) hospital in Mashhad, Iran. In this study, 77 administrative and support staff were selected using the simple random sampling method. After the initial assessment of their physical condition during work, an ergonomic educational intervention program was given to the users to reduce their musculoskeletal injury factors during a three-month period. Their physical condition was assessed before and after the training using the rapid office strain assessment method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20).

The mean age of participants was 36.4±6.62 years old and their mean work experience was 13/8%±6.12 years. The prevalence of discomfort and pain was mainly reported in the lumbar region (57.2%) and neck (43.8%). Moreover, the highest frequency of rapid office strain assessment method score was 5 before training (42.3%), which reached 9.6% after the intervention and training of staff. The scores of 6, 3, 4, and 2 were 18.3%, 15.7%, 14.6%, and 7.1%, respectively.

The results showed the importance of teaching the principles of ergonomics for using computer systems in reducing musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, it was found that the level of musculoskeletal disorders in this group of occupations can be minimized with proper training.

 In office tasks, pinch gripping of tools such as pen, paper, mouse, and keys are required during most working hours. This study aimed to determine the effect of demographic factors and working with a computer on office workers' hand grip and pinch strength.

 In this cross-sectional analytical study, after recording the demographic characteristics, the hand grip and pinch strength of 174 employees of 20 offices of Birjand city with at least 3 hours of daily computer work was measured using a Jamar hand dynamometer and Saehan pinch gauge. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 16. In addition to descriptive statistics, ANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.

 The mean and standard deviation related to the age of the subjects were 37.5 ± 7.15 and 13 ± 7.35 years. The relationship between the hand grip and pinch strength with the variables of sex, height, weight, and Handedness (except the tip of the males) was significant (P<0.05), but with the variables of BMI, work experience, and age (except palmar of the dominant hand) was not significant. Computer work duration significantly affected the dominant hand's grip strength and both hands' palmar and tip pinch (P<0.05).

 The results of this study show the effect of computer work duration on reducing office workers' hand grip and pinch strength. Therefore, it is recommended to apply ergonomic principles to maintain hand grip and pinch strength of computer users.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the most important causes of absenteeism, increased costs and human injuries, which are very common in computer users. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of corrective exercise on reducing the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in computer users working in a gas company.

This cross-analytical study was conducted on 101 computer users working in a Gas Company in Qazvin city in 2019. Fourteen people participated in 8 weeks correction training intervention program (16 sessions in 1 hour and 2 times a week). Nordic questionnaire and body map were used in order to investigate the prevalence and severity of MSDs. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramer V, McNamar, Paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon tests in SPSS version 23 software.

The most common disorders were shoulder (64.3%), waist (42.9%) and neck (35.7%) regions among computer users during the last week before intervention. The prevalence of MSDsby strength and flexion exercises in neck and shoulder regions with 95% and 99% confidence showed a significant decrease before and after intervention. The incidence of discomfort in the waist region decreased by 35.8% after intervention and in other regions decreased by at least 7.1%.

The results of this study showed that implementation of corrective training intervention program by exercise specialists can increase muscle stretch and consequently decrease the prevalence of MSDs7.1%- 64.3%.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common injuries among computer users, which probably affect the quality of life (QOL) and efficiency.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 150 Nordic questionnaires were distributed among computer users in Hamedan province and a total of 110 questionnaires were collected. Later, 60 participants (female: n=20 and male: n=40) were evaluated based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace ergonomic principles were considered as independent variables and quality of life dimensions were investigated as the dependent variables. Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) was applied to evaluate workplace ergonomic, Nordic questionnaire was administered to evaluated musculoskeletal disorders, and SF-36 was used to assess QOL. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were also run to analyze the data.

According to the findings, 3% of users were in the safe zone, 16% in the alert zone, and 78% in the danger zone. The findings also showed that the most common pain segments were neck pain (85%) and back pain (75%) in women, but neck pain (52%) and back pain (55%) in men. Additionally, the results showed that ergonomics of the workplace has a negative and significant relationship with the physical dimension of QOL (R=-0/26, P=0/042). Musculoskeletal disorders have a negative and significant relationship with the general health dimension (R=-0/29, P=0/022) and with the pain dimension of the QOL (R=0/29, P=0/022). Moreover, a negative and significant relationship was observed between QOL and BMI (R=-0/49, P=0/001).

Based on the results, workplace ergonomics has an effect on the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders and ultimately the QOL of computer users in non-office environments and computer services

Due to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among computer users, this study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and awareness about the principles of ergonomics among computer users.

In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Nordic questionnaire, and self-constructed questionnaires. Chi-square, independent t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analyses were used to analyze the data statistically.

The most prevalent signs of musculoskeletal disorders were in the waist, neck, shoulder, back, wrists, and knees. The level of awareness about the appropriate height of monitor and the proper distance between eyes of the operator and monitor was low. Although musculoskeletal disorders were lower in people with high levels of awareness about computer ergonomics, no significant relationship was found between the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and awareness about computer ergonomics.

The most prevalent signs of musculoskeletal disorders were in the waist, neck, shoulder, back, wrists, and knees. The level of awareness about the appropriate height of monitor and the proper distance between eyes of the operator and monitor was low. Although musculoskeletal disorders were lower in people with high levels of awareness about computer ergonomics, no significant relationship was found between the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and awareness about computer ergonomics.

Nowadays, using the computer in doing everything is necessary and there are fewer jobs that do not use the computer to perform tasks. Working with a computer for a long time under static conditions and inappropriate postures can lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDS). Computer users report a high incidence of WRMSDS, depending on the nature of their work. One of the administrative control strategies to reduce or eliminate the risk factors for WRMSDS in computer users is applying education or training program. Also, providing the devices of office workstations such as chairs and tables adjustable. The results of various studies have been shown that ergonomic training, ergonomic design of workstations and office buildings can be useful in preventing and reducing WRMSDS and its associated symptoms in office settings. Since training is one of the main pillars of health care in our country, it is necessary to pay more attention to designing and planning educational programs based on educational models and theories of behavior and social sciences for various diseases and health issues. In this study, the PRECEDE-PROCEED educational model was used to plan for promoting preventive behaviors of WRMSDS among computer users. This model is introduced as a diagnostic framework for health education planning and health promotion. Model implementation stages include: social diagnosis, epidemiological diagnosis, behavioral and environmental diagnosis, educational diagnosis (identifying predisposing factors, enabling and enhancing health behaviors) and ecological, managerial and policy diagnosis, implementation, process evaluation, evaluation of immediate results and evaluation of long term results. The reason for using this model in this study is that the comprehensive nature of this model makes it applicable to different subjects and populations. This model has an ecological perspective and states that one should not only consider the behavior to change, but also the environment around the individual and the factors that influence behavior change, take into account also. Therefore, in order to obtain useful and effective results, education must be designed based on theories and patterns of behavior change. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of applying PRECEDE-PROCEED model in promoting preventive behaviors of WRMSDS among computer users. 

In this randomized controlled trial study, 110 computer users were selected. The risk factors of the workstations have been determined using the Rapid Administrative Stress Assessment (ROSA) method. Computer users who had a high risk of developing WRMSDS and their workstations needed corrective and interventional measures were included in the study. Data were collected using standard Nordic questionnaire, ROSA checklist, and researcher-made questionnaire based on PRECEDE-PROCEED educational model constructs. The validity and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire were assessed in a pilot study. Individuals were also agreed to enter the study. Data collection tools were completed in three stages. In the first stage, Nordic musculoskeletal standard questionnaire was used to evaluate the prevalence of WRMSDS. To achieve better results, the questionnaire was completed through direct interviews with the participants under study, and the prevalence of WRMSDS was recorded over the past year. In the second stage, the risk factors for WRMSDS and determination of risk levels were determined by ROSA method. This method is proposed to identify the risk factors of computer users and to prioritize the optimal fit between users and workstation devices. In the third stage, the self-made questionnaire consisted of different parts of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model constructs such as individual questions, predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors has been applied. Content validity method was used for scientific validation of self-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was given to 12 professors related to this topic and their corrective comments were applied. Test-retest method was used to calculate the reliability of these questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 20 computer users and then completed in two weeks. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha for questionnaire was estimated 0.75. Finally, based on the results of the initial questionnaires, an appropriate educational intervention including training manuals and instructional videos on stretching and corrective movements, training and correct sitting exercises while working with the computer was designed and implemented in the experimental group. The control group received no training. After the implementation of the training program in the evaluation phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, the process of intervention, design and implementation of the program was evaluated. Immediately after the training sessions and two months after the intervention, the impact of the training program on promoting preventive behaviors of WRMSDs of computer users was measured. Data were analyzed before and after the intervention using SPSS.24 software. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare quantitative values ​​between the two groups before and after the intervention and chi-square test was used to compare qualitative values ​​between the two groups.

In this study, 86 (78%) of the participants were men and 24 (22%) were women. The results of chi-square test showed that the distribution ratio of people with different gender was similar between the two groups and there was no significant difference between them (p> 0.05). Findings showed that the mean age of users was 39.7 years and there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age. Chi-square test results showed that there was no significant difference between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the two groups (P> 0.05). The results showed that the highest prevalence of disorders in the experimental group was in the low back, neck and shoulder respectively, and in the control group was in the low back, neck and shoulder, respectively. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean of ROSA final scores, variables of PRECEDE-PROCEED model such as predisposing factors, reinforcing factors and enabling factors in the two groups. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of ROSA final score and its components (p = 0.0001) as well as the mean scores of predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude), reinforcing factors, and enabling factors of PRECEDE-PROCEED model (p = 0.0001). Before the intervention, the Mann-Whitney test results showed no significant difference in the mean scores of the predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude) and PRECEDE-PROCEED model reinforcement factors between the two groups (p> 0.05). There was a significant difference in the mean of the enabling factors in the two study groups before the intervention (p <0.05). The findings of the study showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude), enabling factors and reinforcing factors of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model between the experimental and control groups.

In the present study, in accordance with the educational process of PRECEDE-PROCEED model, the enabling and reinforcing factors have been take into account. The mean of enabling factors had a significant increase in the experimental group after the intervention compared to before the intervention and in the control group there was no significant increase. Prior to training, 36% of the study participants had a background in television, health care, magazines, and newspapers. In the intervention program, 100% of the experimental group received an educational booklet called principles of ergonomics at the computer workstation also instructional videos (including stretching and correcting movements) which caused a significant difference in enabling factors. In this study, encouragement and support of family, coworkers, and verbal encouragement of the educator were considered as reinforcing factors. Results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of these factors after the intervention in the experimental group compared to the control group. Finally, it was concluded that design and implementation of ergonomic training programs based on PRECEDE-PROCEED model with changes in predisposing factors (knowledge and attitude), reinforcing factors and enabling factors also considering the components of ROSA method is an effective method to promote preventive behaviors of WRMSDs and it can be used as a framework for designing of educational interventions among computer users.

The rise of computer use in office workplace has increased the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among computer users. The MSDs cause to reduce productivity, increasing the intention to leave and costs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and evaluate the effective risk factors using ROSA and RULA methods. This cross sectional study was conduct on Shahroud University of Medical Sciences' office workers (n = 153) who work more than 2 hours per day with computer. The employers according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The data collection were used by Nordic standardized questionnaire, RULA and ROSA methods and analyzed by independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression. In both of RULA and ROSA, the highest risk level was in level 2, 1 and 3 respectively. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders from the Nordic questionnaire was for the lower back (52.6%). According to independent t-test was found a significant correlation between the scores of different parts of RULA and ROSA with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in some areas of the body. The correlation coefficient (Pearson) between the final scores of RULA and ROSA methods was 0. 764. The results of the logistic regression model showed that the lower back had a significant relationship with gender, work history, BMI & final score of RULA and ROSA. Based on the results of both RULA and ROSA methods, it is necessary to further assessment required as soon as possible. The prevalence of low back pain is higher than other parts of the body. As for the relationship between the low back pain prevalence and the ROSA score in the chair and monitor, it is necessary to focus on improving these equipment, also these methods can be used as predictors of the MSDs Incidence Probability.

Work- related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the most common occupational injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine musculoskeletal disorders among computer operators in one of the governmental organizations in Kerman city.
In this cross- sectional study, all 77 individuals working in a governmental organization were studied. Rapid upper limb assessment method (RULA) and Nordic questionnaire were used respectively for risk evaluation and determining WMSDs prevalence rate. The work station of the selected individuals was examined by designing a checklist adopted from valid references. Data were analyzed by using t-test and one-way analysis of variance in SPSS16.
The operators mostly complained about pain in low back area, neck, shoulder and wrist. When using RULA method to analyze posture, 55.8% of individuals got 3, 27.3% got 4 and the rest of them obtained 5 and 6. There was no significant relationship between the achieved scores and operator's right handedness or left handedness. There was a significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and low back and RULA preventive measures priority level. 68.5% of the examined stations had an improper condition.
Improper work stations of computer operators in offices have caused undesired postures and musculoskeletal disorders. The necessity of training and performing interventions in this regard is felt.

Long-term work with computer can lead to damage of vision and musculoskeletal disorder on the computer users. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of ergonomic computer users based on the Trans theoretical model of computer users working in Baqiyatallah hospital (Aj) in Tehran.
Material and This descriptive study - an analysis on 102 computer users with up to 20-hour work per week was done with computer. To collect demographic questions and questions valid and reliable questionnaire was used the Trans theoretical model. The data descriptive and analytical statistics were spss software at a significance level 0/05.
The mean stage of change the samples studied was 2.7. And the Trans theoretical model structures efficacy was good and 50% of the balance in the decision making process change and change process in the moderate and low.
Educational interventions based on the Trans theoretical model structures can improve ergonomic knowledge for computer users.

To study the knowledge and performance related to computer vision syndrome among computer users at Guilan university of Medical sciences. This cross - sectional study was conducted on 280 computer users. The sample was selected using a stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire adopted from the relevant literature. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic, knowledge and performance. For the knowledge section, the score for correct answer was 1 and the score for the items of "incorrect", “I don’tknow” and "no answer" was 0. Accordingly, the Knowledge status was graded weak, medium, good and excellent. Performance status was graded as favorable or unfavorable. Data were coded and analyzed by ttest, ANOVA, and chi-square test using the SPSS software (16 version). The mean participant age was 38.1±8.05 years. The majority of participants were female (66.8%) and had bachelor's degree (54.3%). The mean time of daily working on computer was 4.6 ±2.17 hours with a history of working on computer for 8.74.9 years, on average. Only 3.3% of the users passed an educational course on ergonomic principles of computer. The average score of awareness (knowledge) in users was 41.39±19.38. Additionally, the rate of user’s knowledge about different domains of computer varied from 5.4% to 90%. The level of knowledge was not significantly associated with age and history of computer-working, while it showed a significant association with the level of education (p<0.03). The performance was undesirable in 95%, 87.1%, 68.7% and 62.7% of cases with respect to setting the refreshment rate, setting the eye distance from the top edge of the monitor, setting the contrast and illumination, and receiving regular eye examinations. In this study, the level of user's knowledge related to computer vision syndrome was medium their performance was unacceptable.

The risk of musculoskeletal disorders is high among computer users compared to other occupations. Prevalence of symptoms of musculoskeletal in computer users is 50 percent. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders and predictors of proper posture based on stages of change model among computer users in Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive cross - sectional study conducted on 176 computer users. The subjects were selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection was accomplished through Nordic standardized questionnaire to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders symptoms and a researcher made questionnaire to examine the predictors of compliance with proper posture based on stages of change that its validity and reliability were confirmed by use of content validity test and test –retest. Data analysis was done using the descriptive (such as number, percent, mean and standard deviation) and analytic (Correlation co-efficient test) statistics. 159 subjects (90.3 percent) didn’t observe proper posture in use of computer. The most common symptom of musculoskeletal disorders were in the neck; 59.7 %, shoulders; 42 %, waist; 41.5% and the back; 39.2% respectively. Mean score of the model constructs (stage of change, perceived benefits and barriers, self-efficacy, and process of change) were moderate. Prevalence of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders particularly in the neck, shoulders and waist was high in the samples, and Implementation of intervention programs in the workplace seem necessary.

Nowadays, computers are integral component of all workplaces. Moreover, employees healthstatus is directly associated with their occupational stress level. The aim of the present study was to investigative the effect of ergonomic training and intervention on reduction of occupational stress among computer users in welfare organization in Rasht city. In this semi experimental study, 283 female computer users, who were 30-40 years old with work experience of 5-15 years, were chosen as sample. The participants had at least one year experience of using computer and they had worked 3-4 hours with computer daily. The Osipow occupational stress questionnaire (1987) with Cronbach alpha 87% was applied for estimation of occupational stress. Then, 46 participants with moderate to high level of stress were selected and randomly divided into case ad control groups. Participants in a case group received practical and theoretical ergonomic training and also interventions (including armrest, foot rest, cushion, posture correction, reduction o work time duration, adjustment of the seat height according to individuals height, adjustment of eye-monitor distance). Finally, the obtained data were compared to those of control group, using covariance. According to covariance analysis, ergonomic training and interventions lead to reduction of occupational stress of computer users. Training computer users and informing them of the ergonomic principals and also providing interventions such as correction of posture, reducing duration of work time, using armrest and footrest would have significant implication in reducing occupational stress among computer users.