جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « crime » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The issue of the possible relationship between criminal acts and seizures, which are symptoms of epilepsy, is of vital importance. If there is such a relationship, the seizure may be considered an exculpatory or mitigating factor in the judicial trial. There are many case reports of patients with epilepsy who have been called to court for criminal acts and acquitted. But other studies show that seizures are rarely the cause of criminal acts. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to review the literature and reports related to the relationship between seizures and the occurrence of criminal acts and how to distinguish a guilty person with epilepsy from an innocent person. The results of this research show that violence leading to crime occurs too rarely in the ictal period, and in the interictal period, factors other than the seizure itself, such as low intelligence, the economic and social status of the patient, or other comorbidity diseases, play a very important role in the occurrence of crime. Therefore forensic experts should follow the existing instructions to investigate the claim of the defendants regarding the role of seizures in the occurrence of criminal acts.

 Arash is a type of blood money that is not predetermined in the law. According to this definition, if commit a crime causes pain in the victim's organs and limbs, is it possible to determine Arsh for the pain? The legislator of the Islamic Republic of Iran has not taken an explicit position in this regard. While in most quarrels, regardless of any damage, the victim's limbs are usually injured. Legislature’s silence and lack of research resources in this field on the one hand, and a lot of members suffering in the society, on the other hand, make it necessary to write an independent research about the feasibility of determining the Arsh for pain.

 This descriptive-analytical research was done in a library method by using original jurisprudential and legal sources.

 After explaining the various forms of causing pain following the crime, it has been proven that if the pain is in such a form that can be considered as a non-discontinuous complication, it causes Arsh based on Article (708) of the Islamic Penal Code. But if the pain is intermittent and very transitory that it cannot be considered as a disease or complication, although some religious texts can confirm to determine Arsh for it, but adhering to determine Arash in such an assumption, especially considering the capacity of current laws, faces serious challenges such as the executive challenge of evaluation and dispensation.

The psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles (PICTS) plays a significant role in the diagnosis and evaluation of criminal thinking styles. It emphasizes the importance of cognition, particularly in the commission and perpetuation of crimes in the field of psychology.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the persian version of the PICTS in prisoners.

The current research was a descriptive-applied study of the psychometric type. The statistical population consisted of prisoners in Shiraz city in 2022. The statistical sample included 519 prisoners from Adel Abad prison in Shiraz who were selected through purposive sampling. They completed the PICTS. Data analysis was conducted using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS and AMOS version 22 software.

 The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the eight criminal thinking styles model and the criminal thinking hierarchy model of the PICTS, and the fit indices were favorable. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for overall criminal thinking was 0.91, and for proactive and reactive thinking styles, it was 0.89 and 0.79, respectively. Additionally, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the eight criminal thinking styles ranged between 0.61 and 0.81, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was between 0.63 and 0.86.

The reliability and validity of the persian version of the PICTS has been confirmed. It is recommended that social workers and professionals in the field of criminal psychology use this questionnaire to predict the commission and perpetuation of crimes.

Sexual violence is one of the forms of violation of human rights and one of the most common examples of crimes against women, which is considered as one of the major cultural, social, economic and political problems of societies. The purpose of this article is to examine sexual violence against women in Islamic jurisprudence and the verses of the Holy Quran.

In this article, a descriptive analytical method with a documentary approach was used to collect and analyze data.

By reflecting more closely on the conditions and aspects of the prescription of beating a nasheze woman in the mentioned verse, it was found that this prescription is not about sexual violence against women, but about the legal punishment that the husband does not as a husband, but as a law enforcer. If there are special conditions, it will be applied, and Neshuz will solve the wife's problem at the lowest cost, but in the absence of any of the conditions, the husband's action in this regard is considered haram and a crime, or it may even result in legal prosecution. .

The Holy Quran has not approved sexual violence against women in any case, but in many cases, it has blamed and condemned it in a harsh tone. The only case that at first sight can be considered as a proof of the confirmation of violence is the verse of Nashuz, which is discussed in the second axis.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder with a long history. Various variables are associated with this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and type of crime with psychopathic personality disorder in male prisoners in Mahabad.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive correlational type. From the community of male prisoners in Mahabad which were 391 people, simple of prisoners were selected through number whole sampling, and finally 384 people were examined as the final sample. Psychopathy was assessed using the Levinson Psychopathy Questionnaire and demographic characteristics and type of crime through a profile checklist. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey post hoc test, Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS23.

There was a positive and significant relationship between age and number of children with factor 2 psychopathy (P <0.05). The rate of psychopathy was higher in prisoners with a history of drug and alcohol addiction, inmates with the crime of robbery (factor 2), inmates with a bachelor's degree, inmates with a second history of arrest (P <0.01) and inmates with a prison sentence of 4-5 years (Factor 1 and total score) (P <0.01). The rate of psychopathy varied according to the level of income (P <0.01). There was no significant relationship between other variables and psychopathy.

Understanding psychopathy based on demographic characteristics enhances our knowledge of this personality disorder and can be invaluable to those who deal with it in prisons.

The purpose of compiling this research is to examinethe use of imprisonment in accordance with Islamic Sharia. InIslamic Sharia, prison is not considered the main punishment,but it is used only in exceptional cases to prevent possiblelosses caused by crime to the society.

Due to the importance of this issue,this research was done in a descriptive-analytical way.

The findings indicate that punishments in IslamicSharia never exceed the amount of necessity and need toensure the welfare of the society. The function ofimprisonment as a means of keeping the danger away for somepeople is quite evident in the Islamic jurisprudence system,although the reformative approach to criminals is moresymbolic in it. According to the majority of jurists,imprisonment can be used only in four cases. First, the personwho held a person and the other person killed him, secondly,the person who stole for the third time and was charged twice,thirdly, the person who ordered the murder of another personand killed his agent, and fourthly. An apostate woman if shedoes not repent of her apostasy. The similarity of thesepunishments is their eternal imprisonment.

The purpose of imprisonment in Islamic law is toreform people, prevent them from committing sins and crimes,and motivate them to obey God and obey the law.

Emotional and behavioral problems such as crime cause serious damage the adolescents and relatives’ normal process. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the life quality in the criminal and normal adolescent in the city of Lordegan.

The present study was conducted through quantitative method in causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the present study was the criminal adolescents (12-to-18-year-old age group) in the town of Lordegan in juvenile detention center in 2020. The research sample included 60 criminal and 60 non-criminal adolescents homogenous in age and gender who were selected through available method (total number of 120 adolescents). The applied questionnaire included life quality questionnaire (Weir and Sherbon, 1992) which were filled out individually by the members of the two groups.

According to the results, there is a significant difference (p<0.05) between life quality and its aspects including the role disorder due to emotional health, emotional wellbeing, social function and general health in the criminal and normal adolescents in a way that the criminal adolescents have higher role disorder and weaker emotional wellbeing, social function, and general health than the normal adolescents.

According to the low level of life quality in the emergence of adolescents’ crime, and taking the increasing inflation in recent years and the decrease of economic aspect of the adolescents’ life quality, it is better to hold interventions with the purpose of increasing the adolescents’ life quality at schools in order to avoid the emergence of crime.

Dog-walking, in its different forms, presents a major social-legal challenge in society. The Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and the existing case law did not explicitly ban or permit dog-walking, a situation which has led to arbitrary enforcement of law. Due to the non liquet situation (also known as legal lacuna), dog-walkers in public spaces or residential areas and some supporters of such actions often rely on the absence of established legislation and cite the principle of legality of offense and punishment to argue not only that dog-walking does not represent a crime but also any ban or enforcement of punishment under the order and security framework constitute a denial of citizenship rights. Therefore, it is essential to explore the issue within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence in an attempt to fill this legal lacuna through establishing a principled view on criminalization of dog-walking.

The present study takes a descriptive-analytic approach together with a desk research methodology used to write this paper.

The principles of originality, integrity and honesty have been adhered to while throughout the process of writing this paper.

Based on a number of general provisions and applications of relevant jurisprudential arguments as well as the provisions of Article 618, Discretionary Punishment Acts (Tazīr) and Articles 522 and 523, Islamic Penal Code, it can be argued that that first, dog-walking in public spaces has not been authorized by the rules of sharia and second, given the health risk attached, it can be prosecuted and punished as the case may be under applicable laws.

Given the health risks potentially caused by dog-walking, the l egal lacuna in this respect and the fact that Islamic traditions (hadiths) disapproves of dog-walking, it is recommended in this paper that dog-walking should be criminalized. The paper also provides a number of suggestions for legislations to ban dog-walking in public spaces.Please cite this article as:Alishahi Ghalehjoughi A, Jokar SM, Raees Al-Sadati Z.Criminalizing Dog-Walking in Public Spaces: From Islamic Jurisprudence Analysis to Legal Lacuna (Mapping an Approach to Health Risks). Medical Law Journal. 2022; 16(57): e34.

The change in human lifestyle in recent decades has been accompanied by the neglect of the natural environment in the human living space and ultimately led to the growth of sick societies in terms of physical, mental and spiritual and has increased violence and vandalism in society. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between the presence of the sky in architecture and human mental health and crime reduction.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, which was conducted in the first half of 1400 in Pardisan residential complexes in Qom, Iran. A sample of 110 households was randomly selected from the Basij neighborhoods and the staff union, which is part of the neighborhoods of Pardisan area with a large number of residential complexes, due to the presence of local residents, to answer the researcher-made questionnaire on human physical, mental and spiritual health in terms of the presence of the sky in the living space. The face and content validity of the questionnaire used was checked and confirmed. The questionnaire also had good reliability in three dimensions of physical, mental and spiritual with Cronbach's alpha 0.922, 0.813 and 0.775, respectively. Due to limited traffic and communication in Corona, the questionnaires were completed in absentia and online. Data were analyzed using dual regression analysis test in SPSS 26 software.

The results of 97 households living in Pardisan residential complexes in Qom, Iran were studied, of which 46 (47.4%) were women and 51 (52.6%) were men, 59 (60.8%) were in the young Sunni valley and 38 (39.2%) were in the middle age group. The results of regression analysis showed that the presence of the sky in the architectural space among the components of physical, mental and spiritual health, had a significant effect on all human areas. Determination of intensity and 62% was related to factors related to mental health and by comparing the constant regression value of 18.442 and the physical field coefficient of 0.217 and the spiritual field coefficient of 0.582, the greater effect of the spiritual field on human mental peace was explained.

The results of this study show that the presence of the sky in the living space of human beings, in addition to physical comfort, also causes psychological and spiritual comfort, and the presence of the sky in the space of architecture and man-made, more than anything, promotes human mental health and unwillingness. It turns into crime and violence.

In recent years, drug therapies have played an increasing role in management of drug-related crimes due to decrease in efficacy of other anti-crime methods. This study investigated the relationship between methadone maintenance therapy and frequency of drug-related crimes.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 420 patients attending private addiction treatment centers who received agonist therapy in Kurdkuy and Gorgan in Golestan province, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and items on history of drug abuse, history of crimes, domestic violence and conflicts, divorce and remarriage, and work and employment. The questionnaires were completed at admission time and six months after initiation of methadone treatment through face to face interviews. Data analysis was done in SPSS V23.

The majority of patients were married (88%), had low educational levels (75%) and were Persian (88%). The most commonly used narcotic drug was opium used oral or inhaled. There was a significant inverse relationship between methadone maintenance treatment and cases of crime and domestic violence and a significant direct relationship between the treatment and cases of divorce or remarriage, and work and employment before and after treatment (P<0.05).

Methadone maintenance treatment showed a significant effect on reducing social crime and domestic violence. Further researches are suggested to study other associated factors in larger number of patients while considering other variables such as improvement of behavioral disorders and related diseases in long-time follow-up investigations.

Interaction and dependence of research with computer and its increasing dependence on cyberspace and the impact of emerging technologies and new needs in the field of business and greater productivity of the workforce and promotion of business performance by acquiring the latest fully automated technologies in cyberspace, Puts ongoing activities in the biosyber sector at the beginning of a new phase of innovation and progress.

This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Sooner or later, scientific advances will impose themselves on all societies with the aim of increasing welfare and providing services. The point to consider is that this situation, like other human achievements, will be accompanied by very worrying threats that special measures must be taken to deal with them. Recent innovations in the biological sciences can be used to take advantage of cyberspace as a broad platform for illegal activities against social order and security.

Ethical considerations: 

In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Recent scientific developments in the field of genetics, especially in the field of DNA studies, as well as the implantation of microchips in the bodies of humans and other living things, indicate the fact that a new window on cyber users, especially opportunists, for material and personal gain, which Can be potential perpetrators, is open. Super-professional perpetrators who do not even plead guilty; As a result, controlling the occurrence and spread of biological crimes based on cyberspace is not only considered as a component of national security in any country, but can be doubly important.

One of the most fundamental problems of societies is the phenomenon of crimes and offenses that arises as a result of social problems such as poverty, unemployment, economic and social crises, changes in laws and social patterns, weakening of religious beliefs and in general imbalance in the social order. Committing drug crimes is also affected by social factors, so it is very important to investigate such factors and provide ways to prevent them. The purpose of this research is the criminological explanation of drug-related crimes and social factors affecting crime in Isfahan province.

This research was conducted as a survey research and its statistical population is among the prisoners of Isfahan province, 135 prisoners, both men and women, were available to fill the questionnaire. Specifically, 85 questionnaires were distributed to Isfahan Central Prison (Dastgerd) for men and 50 questionnaires were also delivered to women's prison. In order to clarify the subject of the research, after completing the questionnaires among the statistical population, information was entered and then the data was analyzed through the software, and the results of the questionnaires and hypotheses were analyzed using statistical tests of correlation and analysis of variance.

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

The results showed that the majority of drug offenders in Isfahan province grew up in poor families with moderate to low economic and social status. Also, the majority of criminals had friends with a history of drug crimes, and so the majority of them lived on the outskirts of cities and villages, and their access to drugs was high.

Social factors such as poor family, bad friends and living on the outskirts of the city and easy access to drugs play an important role in the tendency of people to commit drug crimes. It is necessary with the efforts of the government (to support vulnerable families), and special attention to parents (educating them to socialize their children and proper control over their children's association with others) and the cooperation of educational and cultural officials and the mass media to prevent the occurrence of such crimes in the society.

Jaefe is a title of an injury for which one - third of a full blood money has been assigned. In this crim e the criminal drags a dagger on the back of the victim, wounds his/her ear, injures his/her eyes, tears his/her lips and at last leads the dagger into his/her heart and penetrates it into the depth of his/her chest. Assuming that all mentioned crimes occu r at once and with a single strike in a few seconds, the legislator in article 547 of the Islamic Penal Code has prescribed the blood money as follows: "whenever a deep injury like Jaefe is occurred at once, only the blood money for same deep injury will b e paid". The present study has been conducted to investigate the degree of compliance of the mentioned article with the relevant jurisprudential principles.

This study is theoretical and based on a descriptive - analytical method by co llecting information in a library manner that tries to correct article 547 of IPC after examining the jurisprudential and legal sources related to the blood money of crimes and their interference and non - interference.

Although in the issue of int erference of blood money of Jaefe with non - Jaefe, in case of committing multiple crimes with a single strike, the legislator has considered the interference of blood money and condemned the victim to pay deep blood money. But according to jurisprudential p rinciples and also by citing materials of the penal code, contrary to the legislator's view, the theory of multiple blood money is preferred as long as the victim is alive.

Physical environment has an important role in altering the behavior of human beings. In each built environment, the mental decision to offend is significantly influenced by perceived risk of being caught. Appropriate environmental design can prevent criminal behavior. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an architectural method for built environment design, which is effective in deterring criminal behavior and improving social security. CPTED strategies enhance the mental perceived risk of apprehension by appropriately designing the built environment. Guardianship, access control, territorial reinforcement, environmental health, and development of pedestrian and bicycle paths are the most important CPTED strategies.However, it is not a panacea for preventing criminal behavior, but can be a neuropsychiatric and cognitive tool in deterring them, and increasing social security.

The purpose of this article is to examine the reversal of evidence in the crime of money laundering. Money laundering means considering the origin of dirty money as legitimate, among the new crimes that have been approved by the legislator with greater sensitivity due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some legal foundations and documents. At first glance, it does not seem that it has a conflict with some jurisprudential documents. One of these examples is the burden of proof process. Usually, in criminal lawsuits, the burden of proof is on the prosecutor, and accordingly, he is obliged to prove the constituent elements of the alleged crime. But this trend is reversed in the crime of money laundering and the burden of proving the legitimacy of the obtained money is placed on the accused. This issue makes it important and necessary to investigate this issue to determine the verdict of the case. Accordingly, the main question of the research is, what are the basics of reversing the burden of proof in the crime of money laundering?

The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical, which has been used to collect information through the study of documentary and library sources.

The findings of the research show that, in proving money laundering, contrary to certain principles governing the process of criminal proceedings such as the principle of innocence, the principle of authenticity, and the principle of evidence, exceptionally and due to the importance of the crime of money laundering inside and outside the country, from the basics The aforementioned has been reversed, and in case of suspicion and doubt regarding the property and transactions, it is the possessor who must prove the absence of money laundering before the judicial system, which is known as reversing proof of proof.

In principle, in proving crimes, the principle is based on innocence, and the principle of authenticity or evidence and possession is respected, and these matters are among the certain principles of criminal law and proceedings arising from it.

The aim of this study was to investigate retaliation based on signatures based on verses and hadiths.

The research method was descriptive-analytical.

The Holy Shari'a has legislated the punishment of retribution in order to protect social life and states that achieving criminal justice depends on respecting the rights of the offender, the victim and society. The rights of the offender are secured if the psychological element of the crime is established along with other elements; Therefore, "intent to commit a typically lethal act" can not be considered as one of the criteria for premeditated murder; Because according to the fundamental laws, intention does not mean cause in the absolute sense; Accordingly, in order to diagnose premeditated murder, it is necessary to examine all aspects, including the circumstances of the crime, the circumstances of the offender and the victim.

In the present article, by examining ijtihad, jurisprudential and legal evidences, it is concluded that the intention of a typically fatal act is the criterion of intentional murder if the victim was aware of the exposure of his act at the time of the crime; Therefore, emotional murders that are caused by unsteadiness of will, acute malice can not be considered as intentional retribution; In subconscious crimes, if it is not possible to carry out retribution to the extent of the crime, considering the purpose of retribution legislation, retribution should be allowed to a lesser extent than the crime rate.

Developments in medical science and in the dimensions of human life in different decades of social relations, Economic, cultural, artistic, etc. are very complex and full of phenomena Innovative innovations have been made in the field of medicine. These developments have made a significant contribution to the benefit of the opinion of specialist physicians as experts in criminal matters and the establishment of a factor in the crime. Our aim in this study is to examine medical developments and medical advances in the field of assistance to criminal judges as an expert theory in crime.

The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and library method.

The findings indicate that in many specific cases regarding the causal relationship in crime in terms of specific circumstances and nature of the possibility of judicial review requires the opinion of experts and specialized and reliable physicians so that judges can be confident. To issue more just sentences.

 From the beginning to the end of the article, the principle of honesty and trustworthiness has been observed.

The opinion of experts and medical experts in the courts and dispute resolution makes the judicial decisions have more support and can provide the best possible basis for justice, and therefore referring cases to an expert is of special importance and necessity. The authority and validity of the expert opinion in the evidence should be examined.

One of the challenges of legal systems in the field of crime prevention is the lack of attention to health and intellectual education of criminals. Considering that Islamic sources (Shiite jurisprudence), including the Holy Quran and the narrations of the Infallibles, contain basic instructions on the subject of criminology and the prevention of its occurrence; The purpose of writing this article is to explain the pattern of rational education in accordance with religious sources in the field of crime prevention and reform of society's behavioral approach and to examine its role in the process of crime prevention and security.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of method. The data collection tool is library and field through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by experts, taking into account the factor load of questions and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha test. The statistical population of the present study includes all individuals (316 people) who have been convicted through criminal authorities in Shahrekord city during the fourth quarter of 1397, which have been examined by census method. Stepwise regression tests, Pearson correlation test and Friedman test were used to analyze the data. For this purpose, SPSS software was used.

The results of data analysis showed that the educational process, in order of importance, through the components of thinking about criminal action, contemplation and deliberation, consulting and benefiting from the experiences of others and socializing and learning from the wise.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder in childhood. It is characterized by three levels of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and compounding. The most dangerous situation is when so-called "comorbiditychr('39') is associated with one or more other mental disorders. If this involuntary disorder (Lack of control over activity and impulses) is not treated scientifically in childhood, during adolescence and adulthood, within severely diminishing the therapeutic effects of childhood, will adversely affect individual and family functioning and it will be a factor for be evasive person and have personal and social anomalies that lead to deviance and delinquency And, ultimately, these factors lead to the perversion and delinquency of the individual, and the community faces significant challenges in various dimensions. One of the most important gaps and damages in the medical Scientific and practical response in line with some of the pioneering countries is especially the lack of screening and supervision in primary education level. Therefore, according to the analytical-descriptive research method and interviews with some psychiatry professors, Iranchr('39')s criminal policy faces with severe inefficiency in all three legislative, judicial and executive sectors. And taking into account the scientific facts and psychological requirements for those with the disorder, it needs to proceed at the level of medical and social via the set of scientific approaches of Criminal policy with government responses and the participation of psychiatry specialists to deal with such phenomena which is increasing day by day.

Article 51 of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 states that insanity while committing a crime at any stage shall be subject to criminal liability, but this substance has been implicated in insane people and its inclusion in bipolar patients has been controversial and the purpose of the study is to include it. The insanity must reach the trustees of the court. For bipolar patients, it is difficult to identify their condition and therefore cannot be simply dismissed. Therefore, the inclusion of this article is controversial and if it is not proved, there is a judicial adjustment procedure for offenders. One of the sources of this law is the knowledge of the judge. The judge's knowledge of crime is legally valid. Therefore, if the judge, with his knowledge of the evidence and background of the offender, finds out the case, he can determine the inclusion of the provisions of the Islamic Penal Code on the accused. Considering the need to safeguard the social rights of individuals, measures must be taken to prevent the crime of such persons and, at the same time, to take the necessary measures to detect the type of insanity.