جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cultural diversity" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The concept of common morality is fundamental in medical ethics, and lack of universal content and characteristics of common morality is a product of its multifaceted nature. This study aimed to identify the ideas and experiences of academic faculties regarding common morality in a pluralistic setting to promote conceptual knowledge and strengthen moral reasoning and ethical decision-making. The study was conducted using a qualitative method, employing semi-structured in-depth interviews with thirteen faculty members who were selected purposively. In order to assess their ideas and experiences, the transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using the content analysis method through directed and conventional approaches. The interviews were coded manually. Two themes were reflected in the interviews: ontology and epistemology of common morality. The study indicates that the debate about the subjective or objective dependence of common morality questions the coherence of Beauchamp and Childress' common morality (CM) theory, as common morality is the result of various individual and social factor that influence moral and decision -making in pluralistic environments. Additional studies are needed in order to investigate the effect of cultural, social, theoretical, ideological and individual factors on promoting clinical ethical reasoning and decision-making skills.

Smoking behaviors seem to vary widely across ethnicity and peer groups. The reason may include dominant culture and its transfer to other social groups. However, to date, few of the research literature has focused on the role of cultural diversity on the smoking behavior-related traits. We sought to identify individual and contextual factors of adolescent smoking initiation by friends and their consumption habits. This case study was conducted in 2021 and involved 319 school-going adolescents in Varamin County, Tehran, Iran, who completed a self-administered anonymous questionnaire on tobacco product use, designed based on the Likert scale. The data were analyzed using frequency percentage, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kendall’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and the chi-square test (less than 0.01). In the present study, smoking among Arab, Fars, and Lur ethnicities, with mean scores of 4, 3.6, and 3.41, respectively, is higher than smoking among Turk, other ethnicities, and Kurd groups, with mean scores of 2.86, 2.36, and 2. In addition, the results of the chi-squared test showed that the rates of average and high smoking in the friendly gatherings were 47.6% and 27.9%, respectively, and, in terms of responses to influences on their consumption, average and high smokers had the highest frequency with 101 and 49, respectively. Targeting susceptible adolescents with consideration of cultural diversity and friends' groups in tailored prevention efforts may prevent or delay adolescents’ transition to tobacco use.

As Fotaki (2019) argues, the current political climate in Europe is threatening principles of humanitarianism, particularly among refugees and asylum seekers. This commentary builds on that argument, with a spotlight on mental health and culturally relevant service design. By addressing some of the barriers faced by refugees and asylum seekers in accessing mental healthcare, we can address inequalities and develop compassionate societies.

One of the essential aspects of the provision of care is cultural issues. Cultural sensitivity is the key for cultural care. The aim of this study was to explore culturally sensitive care in pediatric nursing care in Iran.
This study was a conventional content analysis. Participants were consisted of 25 nurses and 9 parents selected through purposive sampling from three pediatric referral centers in Tabriz and Tehran, Iran. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and field notes and were concurrently analyzed by using Graneheim and Lundman (2004) method. Data was transcribed verbatim, words, sentences, and phrases were considered meaning units, abstracted, labeled and compared for developing categories.
Culturally sensitive care of a sick child was consisted of three themes: ‘cultural exposure’, ‘intercultural communication’ and ‘the reconciliation of cultural conflict in families/care’. During the ‘cultural exposure’ nurses were informed of the cultural manifestations, strived to identify and understand patients/families with cultural diversities and respect their cultural beliefs. The nurse used the native language in ‘intercultural communication’ or a combination of verbal and nonverbal communication methods to reach a common understanding. Finally, a nurse in the conflict between the culture of child/family and care took actions for making decisions to develop a compliance between care and the family culture and amended parents’ harmful desires through negotiation and appropriate care.
Understanding the concept of culturally sensitive care, can help with resolving the problems of cultural exchanges in Pediatric wards. Providing cultural facilities and interpreters to communicate with patients/family increase their satisfaction.