depression
در نشریات گروه پزشکی-
Background
Anemia in pregnancy is associated with psychiatric symptoms and poor psychiatric symptoms, this study investigates the 6-month trends of anxiety and birth outcomes. Considering the controversies surrounding the impact of anemia on psychiatric symptoms, this study investigates the 6-month trends of anxiety and depression in anemic pregnant women with threatened abortion (TA).
MethodsA case-control retrospective cohort study conducted among 282 participants who enrolled in a registry of pregnant women with TA in Babol city from December 2022 to October 2023. Fifty individuals with anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) who were matched with 50 without anemia based on age, pregnancies, education, and gestational age, were included. The BSI-18 (Brief Symptom Inventory) was used to assess depression, anxiety, and psychological distress at the beginning, three and six-month follow-ups.
ResultsThe prevalence of anemia among women diagnosed with TA was found to be 17.7%. At the beginning, compared to normal individuals, anemic women had higher rates of depression (32% vs. 14%), anxiety (34% vs. 22%), and psychological distress (66% vs. 48%). Moreover, at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, the frequency of psychiatric symptoms in anemic women was significantly higher. The Generalized Estimating Equations model showed that although both groups had a decreasing trend of frequency anemic women experience a slower rate of decrease in psychiatric symptoms compared to non-anemic women.
ConclusionAnemia in women with TA is associated with high rates of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, as well as a slow recovery rate.
Keywords: Anemia, Threatened Abortion, Depression, Anxiety, Psychological Distress -
Background
Anxiety and depression are significant factors that can increase the likelihood of concurrent substance use in patients undergoing treatment.
ObjectivesThis study aims to address the gap in knowledge regarding the treatment of anxiety and depression resulting from substance withdrawal by evaluating the effectiveness of ginseng on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients at addiction treatment clinics in Ahvaz.
MethodsThis research is categorized as applied research and falls under experimental designs for data collection. It was a randomized clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design involving two groups. The statistical population included all patients visiting addiction treatment clinics in Ahvaz during 2023 - 2024. A total of 68 participants meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups: One receiving ginseng and the other a placebo (34 participants each). One group received 100 mg capsules of ginseng, while the other received a placebo for four weeks. All participants were assessed at the beginning of the study and after the intervention using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance, utilizing SPSS-26 software.
ResultsThe study involved 68 individuals aged 28 to 59 years, with a mean age of 43.22 ± 8.89. The mean ± standard deviation of depression and anxiety in the pre-test of the intervention group was 29.85 ± 6.19 and 25.00 ± 6.06, respectively, and in the placebo group was 27.79 ± 7.21 and 23.91 ± 4.82, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of depression and anxiety in the post-test of the intervention group was 15.44 ± 11.37 and 12.26 ± 10.40, respectively, and in the placebo group was 11.91 ± 10.83 and 13.32 ± 10.10, respectively. The results indicate no significant difference between post-test and pre-test scores in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (P > 0.05).
ConclusionsThe results indicate that there was no significant difference in post-test means compared to pre-test means in the intervention group relative to the placebo group. However, further randomized trials with larger sample sizes are necessary for confirmation. Findings should be interpreted with caution.
Keywords: Randomized Controlled Trial, Depression, Anxiety, Ginseng, Effectiveness -
Background
Hormone therapy is commonly used to treat breast cancer but can cause mood disorders and sleep disturbances, negatively impacting patients' well-being.
ObjectivesThis trial aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on sleep problems and mood changes in breast cancer patients undergoing hormone therapy.
MethodsThe study was conducted at Omid Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. Participants were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and were randomly assigned to receive either 6 mg of melatonin or a placebo daily for 4 weeks. Sleep quality, depression levels, and mood states were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaires at the beginning and end of the 4-week follow-ups.
ResultsSixty participants (34 in the melatonin group and 26 in the placebo group) completed the study. Melatonin administration significantly improved sleep quality, latency, duration, and reduced the use of sleep-promoting medication, according to the PSQI scores. However, there were no significant improvements in depression severity or mood disorders, as assessed by the CES-D and POMS questionnaires, in either group following the 4-week melatonin supplementation period.
ConclusionsMelatonin supplementation effectively alleviated sleep disturbances caused by hormone therapy in breast cancer patients. However, the study did not find substantial evidence supporting the use of melatonin for improving mood disorders or depression in this specific context.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, Hormone Therapy, Melatonin, Psycho-Oncology, Dyssomnias, Depression, Mood Disorder -
Background
Extensive evidence demonstrates that neuronal autophagic and cytoskeletal elements play critical roles in neuroplasticity. Dysregulation of neuroplasticity has been implicated in the pathology of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Transcription factor EB (TFEB) and stathmin are key regulators of autophagy and microtubule formation, respectively.
ObjectivesThe current study aimed to compare the levels of hippocampal TFEB and stathmin proteins in PTSD and depressed animal models of rats.
MethodsThree groups of male rat pups (n = 8) were used. The first group, designated as the depressed group, was exposed to maternal separation stress and related stressors. The second group, representing the PTSD model, was exposed to single-prolonged stress. The third group served as the control. Anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors were evaluated using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST). Hippocampal TFEB and stathmin protein levels were measured using western blotting. Data were analyzed using Prism software. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were performed to evaluate statistical differences between groups in behavioral tasks. Independent t -tests were used to assess differences in protein levels between groups.
ResultsThe TFEB protein levels were increased in both PTSD and depressed rats, while stathmin levels were decreased. The effect of depression on TFEB expression was significantly higher than in PTSD. Conversely, stathmin reduction was more pronounced in PTSD compared to depressed rats.
ConclusionsThese results suggest that changes in stathmin and TFEB protein levels may be associated with anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.
Keywords: PTSD, Depression, Hippocampus, TFEB, Stathmine -
زمینه و هدف
یکی از فرضیه های پاتوفیزیولوژی افسردگی بروز تغییرات عملکردی در شبکه های عصبی مغز از جمله شبکه حالت پیش فرض است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی تغییرات الکتروفیزولوژیک قشر پره فرونتال میانی و ناحیه اینسولا از این شبکه-های عصبی در مدل حیوانی افسردگی است.
روش ها28 سر موش صحرایی به 4 گروه کنترل، مدل استرس ملایم مزمن (CMS)، مدل تحت درمان با فلوکستین (CMS + FLX) و موش های سالم دریافت کننده فلوکستین (FLX) تقسیم شدند. با استفاده از جراحی استرئوتاکسی در نواحی پره فرونتال و اینسولا آنها الکترودگذاری شدند. سپس موش های مدل افسردگی به مدت سه هفته، در معرض عوامل استرس زا قرار گرفتند. گروه فلوکستین به مدت دو هفته روزانه یک تزریق داخل صفاقی فلوکستین دریافت کردند. سپس موش ها با آزمون های شنای اجباری، فضای باز و ترجیح سوکروز ارزیابی شدند. نهایتا پتانسیل های میدانی در شرایط استراحت و استرس شنیداری ثبت شد.
یافته هاموش های CMS در مقایسه به گروه شاهد تمایل کمتری به مصرف سوکروز داشتند (0/001 ≥p). گروه CMS زمان بی حرکتی طولانی تری در مقایسه با موش های سالم و تیمار شده با FLX داشتند (0/05 ≥p). پتانسیل های میدانی در وضعیت استرس یا در معرض استرس شنیداری تفاوت معنی داری نداشت. در هر دو ناحیه اینسولا و قشر پیش پیشانی توان باند تتا در گروه CMS نسبت به گروه کنترل و گروه CMS + FLX بطور معنی داری کمتر بود (0/05 ≥p).
نتیجه گیریاسترس ملایم مزمن توانست باند فرکانسی تتا را در نواحی اینسولا و قشر پره فرونتال کاهش دهد و فلوکستین از بروز این تغییرات جلوگیری کرد.
کلید واژگان: استرس ملایم مزمن، افسردگی، اینسولا، پتانسیل های میدانی، قشر پیش پیشانیBackground and AimOne of the hypotheses of the pathophysiology of depression is the occurrence of functional alterations in the neural networks, including the default mode network and the salient network. This study aims to investigate the electrophysiological changes of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the insula region of these neural networks in an animal model of depression.
MethodsTwenty-eight male rats were divided into 4 control groups; chronic mild stress model (CMS), fluoxetine treated model (CMS + FLX), and fluoxetine recipient (FLX). Electrodes were placed in the mPFC and insula regions. Then, model rats were exposed to stressors every day for three weeks. The FLX group received one intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine daily for two weeks. Finally, rats were evaluated with forced swimming, open field, and sucrose preference tests. Then the field potentials of the mentioned areas were recorded.
ResultsCMS rats had a lower tendency to consume sucrose (p ≤ 0.001). The CMS group had longer immobility time compared to healthy and FLX-treated mice (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the field potentials in the stress condition or under auditory stress. In both insula and mPFC regions, theta band power in the CMS group was significantly lower than the control and CMS + FLX group (p ≤ 0.05).
ConclusionChronic mild stress was able to reduce the theta frequency band in the insula and mPFC regions, and fluoxetine reversed these changes. This study confirms the occurrence of plastic changes in brain neural networks during depression.
Keywords: Chronic Mild Stress, Depression, Insula, Field Potentials, Prefrontal Cortex -
مقدمه
مشکلات روانشناختی در مادران دارای نوزاد نارس یکی از موضوعات مهم و قابل توجه است، لذا اجرای مداخلات روانشناختی در این گروه از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثربخشی "پارادوکس درمانی" بر افسردگی و پاسخ نشخواری در مادران دارای نوزاد نارس بود.
روش کارروش پژوهش نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش آزمون- پس آزمون- پیگیری 1 و 3 ماه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل همه مادران دارای نوزاد نارس مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان افضلی پور کرمان در سال 1402 بودند که از میان آن ها 60 تن به روش در دسترس پس از کسب نمره 5≤ در زیرمقیاس افسردگی از "مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب و تنش" انتخاب و با گمارش تصادفی در گروه مداخله و کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابزار پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه جمعیت شناختی، "مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب و تنش" (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale) و "مقیاس پاسخ نشخواری" (Rumination Response Scale) بود. روایی محتوای ابزارها به روش کیفی و پایایی به روش همسانی درونی با محاسبه ضریب آلفا کرونباخ اندازه گیری شد. پس از اجرای 4 جلسه "پارادوکس درمانی" برای گروه مداخله، داده ها در نرم افزار اس پی اس اس نسخه 22 تحلیل شد.
یافته هابین گروه ها در متغیرهای افسردگی (01/0=P، 59/99=F) و نشخوار (01/0=P، 43/47=F) تفاوت معنادار وجود داشت.
نتیجه گیری"پارادوکس درمانی" در کاهش افسردگی و پاسخ نشخواری مادران دارای نوزاد نارس موثر بود. پیشنهاد می شود که در جهت بهبود افسردگی و پاسخ نشخوار دوره های "پارادوکس درمانی" برای مادران دارای نوزاد نارس برگزار شود.
کلید واژگان: پارادوکس درمانی، افسردگی، نشخوار، نوزاد نارس، مادریIntroductionPsychological problems in mothers with premature babies is one of the important and significant issues, therefore, the implementation of psychological interventions in this group is of great importance. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Paradox Therapy on the symptoms of depression and rumination response in mothers with premature babies.
MethodsThe research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design of 1 and 3 months with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with premature babies referred to Afzalipur Hospital in Kerman in 2023, Among them, 60 people were selected by the convenience method after obtaining a score of 5≤ in the depression subscale of "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale" and were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The research instruments included a demographic questionnaire, "Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-DASS-21" and "Rumination Response Scale". Content validity of instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After conducting 4 sessions of “Paradox Therapy” for the intervention group, the data were analyzed in SPSS .22 software.
ResultsThere was a significant difference between the groups in the variables of depression symptoms (F=99.59, P=0.01) and rumination response (F=47.43, P=0.01).
Conclusions“Paradox Therapy” was effective in reducing depression and rumination response in mothers with premature babies. It is suggested to hold “Paradox Therapy” courses for mothers with premature babies in order to improve depression and rumination response.
Keywords: Paradox Therapy, Depression, Rumination Response, Premature Baby, Maternal -
Objective (s)
The aim of this study is to investigate the possible role of the hippocampal BDNF-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the antidepressant-like activity of ellagic acid (EA) in mice.
Materials and MethodsMale BALB/C mice were divided into 5 groups; vehicle (0.1 ml/day), sertraline (5mg/kg), EA (1 mg/kg), EA+BKM120 (PI3K inhibitor), EA+MK2206 (AKT inhibitor). EA, sertraline and vehicle were injected intraperitoneally for 14 days. Locomotor activity was determined by open field test. The tail suspension test was used to detect the antidepressant-like effect. After behavioral tests, hippocampal tissue was obtained and Western blot analyzes were performed for BDNF and pAKT1.
ResultsSertraline and EA provided a reduction in immobility time in the tail suspension test when compared with the control group. BKM120 and MK2206 administration reversed this effect of EA. No statistical difference was found between groups in terms of locomotor activity. EA treatment caused an increase in hippocampal BDNF and pAKT1 levels in mice. While inhibitory agent administrations did not affect the increase of BDNF induced by EA, MK2206 administration reversed the increase in pAKT1 observed with EA.
ConclusionIt has shown that EA has an antidepressant-like effect in mice without changing locomotor activity, and this effect may be mediated by the BDNF-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
Keywords: Akt, BDNF, Depression, Ellagic Acid, PI3K -
Background
Research into managing depression and fatigue, two typical symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), is constantly expanding. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the modified Mediterranean (MED) diet or the Traditional Persian (TP) diet in terms of fatigue and depression severity in patients with MS.
MethodsIn this single-center, single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 90 patients were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to either the MED or TP diet intervention and control groups for two months between July 2022 and February 2023, in Shiraz, Iran. The Krupp Questionnaire for Fatigue Severity Scale and the Beck Depression questionnaire were used. The Chi square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, One-way ANOVA, and backward elimination technique were employed. STATA statistical software (version 17) was utilized for data analysis. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
ResultsThe mean age of 90 participants was 35.64±9.12, and 82.2% were women. The analysis revealed a negative correlation between fatigue severity and MED diet intervention (-4.17 [-8.18-0.16]; P=0.04). However, there was no association between fatigue severity and TP diet intervention (-3.82 [-7.96, 0.32]; P=0.07). The analysis showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between lower depression scores and TP diet intervention (-2.89 [-5.59, -0.19]; P=0.03). However, there was no association between depression scores and MED diet intervention (P=0.22). Lower depression score was also associated with older age and higher socioeconomic status (P=0.002 and P=0.006). It was also shown that longer duration of disease (P=0.05) and higher fatigue severity (P=0.001) were associated with higher depression scores.
ConclusionAdhering to the MED diet could reduce fatigue scores in MS patients while having no effect on the depression score. In contrast, adhering to the TP diet recommendation could reduce depression scores without affecting fatigue scores in MS patients.Trial registration number: IRCT20181113041641N1.
Keywords: Fatigue, Depression, Mediterranean Diet, Multiple Sclerosis, Persian Traditional Medicine -
مقدمه
با توجه به اینکه طول مدت خواب، عامل خطر برای بیماری های مختلف شناخته شده است و به دلیل شیوع بالای افسردگی در جامعه و ارتباط آن با اختلال خواب، هدف مطالعه ی حاضر، تحلیل ارتباط بین طول مدت خواب و مصرف داروهای خواب آور با وضعیت دندانی در افراد مبتلا به افسردگی در جمعیت کوهورت آذر می باشد.
روش هامطالعه ی کوهورت آذر از سال 1393 در شهرستان شبستر واقع در استان آذربایجان شرقی بین 15006 بزرگسال 35 الی 70 سال آغاز شد. مطالعه ی مقطعی- تحلیلی حاضر در سال 1402، بر اساس تحلیل داده های جمع آوری شده در مرحله ی پایه ی مطالعه کوهورت آذر در مورد طول مدت خواب و مصرف داروهای خواب آور و میزان پوسیدگی دندان بر اساس شاخص (Decayed, Missing And Filled Teeth) DMFT انجام شد. معیار ورود، داده های افراد دارای افسردگی از جمعیت کوهورت آذر و معیار خروج، افراد دارای بی دندانی کامل و داده های ناقص بود. تحلیل رگرسیون با تعدیل اثر متغیرهای مخدوش کننده انجام شد.
یافته ها1369 نفر وارد آنالیز شدند. دندان های کشیده شده، بیشترین قسمت از DMFT را به خود اختصاص داد. نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که ارتباط معنی داری بین شاخص پوسیدگی DMFT و طول مدت خواب و مصرف داروهای خواب آور در افراد افسرده وجود ندارد.
نتیجه گیریشیوع بالای دندان های کشیده شده در شرکت کنندگان، نشان داد که برنامه های ارتقاء سلامت دهان در بزرگسالان، ضروری می باشد.
کلید واژگان: پوسیدگی دندانی، طول مدت خواب، سلامت دهان، داروهای خواب آور، افسردگیBackgroundConsidering that the duration of sleep is known as a risk factor for various diseases, and due to the high prevalence of depression and its relationship with sleep disorders. The aim is to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and the use of sleeping medications with the dental status of people with depression in the Azar cohort population.
MethodsThe Azar cohort study was started in Shabestar in the East Azerbaijan province between 15006 adults aged 35 to 70 years in 2014. The present cross-sectional-analytical investigation was done in 2022 based on the data collected in the fundamental phase of the Azar cohort study regarding the duration of sleep and the consumption of hypnotics medicine and dental caries based on the DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index. The inclusion criteria were the data of people with depression in the Azar cohort population, and the exclusion criteria were people with complete edentulism and incomplete. Regression analysis was performed by adjusting the confounding variables.
FindingsIn this study of 1,369 individuals with depression, the missing teeth index was identified as the most significant contributor to the DMFT score. The regression results showed that there is no significant relationship between the DMFT index and the duration of sleep and the use of sleeping pills in depressed people.
ConclusionThe high prevalence of missing teeth in participants indicates that the oral health promotion program is necessary for adults.
Keywords: Dental Caries, Sleep Duration, Oral Health, Hypnotics Medicine, Depression -
Background and Aim
The Internet has become an integral part of human life. One field that is dramatically expanding is internet gaming, which can be harmful to those who overplay. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between internet gaming disorder, stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder among high school students in Tehran.
Materials and MethodsThis study used a descriptive survey-based data collection method. The research population consisted of all students who studied in Tehran during the research. The sample included 122 students who were selected by the convenient sampling method. The research instruments were the Internet Gaming Disorder Test-10 (IGDT-10), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQ-CV). Descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze data..
ResultsThe results showed a significant correlation between IGD and perceived stress, with a correlation coefficient of 0.645 (P<0.01). In contrast, there was a negative association between IGD and obsessional beliefs, but the correlation was not significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.014 and a significance level of 0.88 (P<0.01). Furthermore, the impact of the predictor variables on the dependent variable is statistically accepted. Based on the R2 coefficient of 0.457, this model can explain more than 47% of the variance in IGD. Additionally, perceived stress has a Beta coefficient of 0.663, which confirms the hypothesis that perceived stress predicts IGD positively (P<0.01). In contrast, obsessional beliefs have a Beta coefficient of 0.123, which means they cannot significantly predict IGD.
ConclusionIt seems IGD is significantly related to perceived stress, and those with higher stress are more prone to IGD symptoms. Meanwhile, there is no correlation with obsessional beliefs. IGD appears to be more characterized by impulsivity than compulsivity. If the hallmark of behavioral addictions is the initial impulsivity followed by compulsivity, IGD may be more akin to an impulse-control disorder than a behavioral addiction.
Keywords: Anxiety, Cyberspace, Depression, Internet Addiction, Medical Students -
Background and Aim
Diagnosing children's cancer can cause significant disruptions in the child and family life, putting parents and children at risk for psychosocial problems, including reduced quality of life through increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which necessitates solutions like emotion-focused therapy (EFT) to reduce complications. This research investigated the effectiveness of EFT in reducing anxiety, stress, and depression in couples with children with cancer.
Materials and MethodsThe research used a semi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design, control and experimental groups, and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included 40 couples with a child with cancer in Ferdous City. The collected data were analyzed utilizing inferential statistics and a step-by-step regression analysis under the normality assumption. Data were analyzed using statistical techniques (descriptive, inferential) and SPSS22. The research hypotheses were investigated utilizing ANCOVA and MANCOVA.
ResultsWith the pretest control of the test significance levels, there was a significant difference between the couples with a child with cancer in the experimental and control groups concerning anxiety, stress, and depression reduction (P<0.001, F-5.299). The respective differences of 19.78, 20.50, and 44.67 for anxiety, stress, and 44.67 for depression highlight the significant effect of EFT on anxiety, stress, and depression of the experimental group at a 95% confidence level and p<0.05.
ConclusionEFT affects and reduces the anxiety, stress, and depression of couples with children with cancer. The emotion-based developed package created a safe space to resolve past wounds and increase awareness, expression, and acceptance of repressed emotions, leading to a new meaning for life and adjusting the disease through a different perspective toward emotions caused by mental turmoil and anxiety.
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Emotion-Focused Therapy, Pediatric Cancer, Stress -
Background and Aim
Rapid technological advances have led to increased use of cyberspace among medical students. Despite the benefits, there are concerns about the unwanted effects of excessive use of cyberspace on mental health. Depression and anxiety, two of the most common mental health disorders worldwide, have been of particular interest in this context. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of depression and anxiety among medical students and explore its association with Cyberspace use.
Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 355 medical students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences using stratified random sampling. Data was collected through the following instruments: Demographic Information Questionnaire, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS software version 26. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) were employed.
ResultsThe results revealed that 27.3% of participants exhibited severe depression, 13% displayed severe anxiety, and 10.7% manifested symptoms of internet addiction. There was a positive association among depression, anxiety, and internet addiction (P<0.0001). Additionally, an inverse notable disparity between internet addiction and educational level was discovered (P<0.05). Also, a significant correlation was shown between depression, anxiety, internet addiction, and marital status (P<0.05).
ConclusionThe study indicated a notable correlation between cyberspace usage and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in medical students. Additional research is necessary to develop productive interventions that target the potential negative impacts of cyberspace usage on the mental well-being of medical students, consequently advancing the community healthcare system.
Keywords: Anxiety, Cyberspace, Depression, Internet Addiction, Medical Students -
Background
One of today's social problems is behavioral abnormalities and aggression and ways to deal with it. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) and cognitive behavioral therapy on the attention and aggression of high school students in Kerman.
MethodsWith a control group, this semi-experimental study administered tests before and after the intervention. All 45 male and female students enrolled at Kerman's second-year secondary school were included in the statistical population. Fifteen of them were allocated at random to one of three groups: control, experimental group 1, or group 2. The first group had 18 45-minute NLP sessions, whereas the second group received 6 60-minute CBT sessions. None of the interventions were given to the control group. The data was collected using the DASS-21 scale.
ResultsCompared to the control group, the educational groups that focused on cognitivebehavioral approaches and natural language processing had lower average indices of mental health evaluation. Students' anxiety and stress levels were significantly reduced after receiving instruction in both techniques, according to multivariate variance analysis. Comparing the three groups' matched results from the follow-up test, there was no difference in statistical significance in anxiety reduction between the two methods; however, there was a significant difference in lowering stress and depression, with the NLP method showing greater efficacy.
Conclusioncognitive-behavioral training is an effective method in increasing the mental health of students and this intervention can be used to improve academic performance in clinics and school health.
Keywords: Mentoring, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Depression, Neurolinguisticprogramming, Stress, Psychological, Students -
Background
The goal of this study was to examine how self-criticism and cognitive flexibility relate to depression, taking into account the moderating effect of emotion control in depressed undergraduate females.
MethodsThe present study's statistical population consisted of all female students at Isfahan Azad University in 1402 who exhibited signs of depression. 384 people were chosen using cluster random selection from the study's target population as a sample, using Cochran's formula. The research variables were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory, the Gross & John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Gilbert et al. Self-Criticism Scale, the Dennis & Vander Wal Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and the questionnaire on demographic characteristics. The acquired data were examined using the regression analysis technique and the statistical program SPSS version 27.
ResultsFindings showed that there is a significant relationship between cognitive flexibility and self-criticism with depression, cognitive flexibility and self-criticism with emotion regulation, and also between emotion regulation and depression (p<0.01). Also, the findings indicated that emotion regulation has a moderating role in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and self-criticism with depression (p<0.01).
ConclusionBased on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the relationship between cognitive flexibility and self-criticism with depression is not a simple linear relationship and emotion regulation can affect this relationship.
Keywords: Cognitive Psychology, Depression, Emotional Regulation, Self-Assessment -
Background
Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with adverse effects on both physical and psychological health. Taekwondo is posited to exert a positive influence on depression, yet its efficacy warrants further verification.
MethodsThis study employed meta-analysis to quantify the intervention effect of Taekwondo on depression. Concurrently, based on subgroup analysis results, an optimal intervention program was suggested. Multiple databases were searched, including English (Web of Science, PubMed), Chinese (CNKI, WANFANG DATA), and Korean (RISS, KISS, DBPIA), to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying Taekwondo's impact on depression, published up to Jan 2024. The Cochrane bias risk tool version 2 (RoB 2.0) was utilized for literature bias risk assessment. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software facilitated the meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias evaluation.
ResultsFifteen articles, encompassing 1945 participants, were included in the study. The primary findings indicated a significant reduction in depression risk due to Taekwondo intervention (Effect Size [ES]=-0.635, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed the most substantial intervention effects in elderly individuals (ES=-1.025, P=0.004) and women (ES=-1.114, P=0.009). Taekwondo exercises, when conducted over 12 wk (ES=-0.922, P<0.001), three times per week (ES=-0.729, P<0.001), for 60 min per session (ES=-0.980, P=0.003), and at low intensity (ES= -1.777, P=0.024), yielded the greatest depression mitigation effects.
ConclusionTaekwondo is an effective means to alleviate depression, particularly in older women. The study recommends a low-intensity Taekwondo exercise regimen, consisting of 60-minute sessions, three times weekly for 12 wk, as an optimal exercise prescription for best outcomes.
Keywords: Taekwondo, Depression, Meta-Analysis, Intervention Protocol -
Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research, Volume:32 Issue: 154, Sep-Oct 2024, PP 331 -340Background & Objective
Few studies have compared the concentration of trace elements and antioxidants in the serum of depressed and non-depressed as well as children on dialysis with and without anxiety.
Materials & MethodsA prospective cross-sectional research was conducted. Forty children undergoing dialysis were assessed to define the correlation between mean serum levels of Selenium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, vitamin C, and vitamin E and their deficient levels with mood disorders. The Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) scorings were applied. According to Scorings, patients were divided into no depression and depression and no anxiety and anxiety disorders groups.
ResultsEighteen hemodialysis and 22 peritoneal dialysis patients were enrolled. The median of age was 11 years. Twenty-two patients (55%) were males. Selenium, copper, and vitamin C deficiencies were found in 32.5%, 15%, and 2.5% of patients, respectively. Anxiety and depression disorders were diagnosed in 82.5% and 67.5% of patients, respectively. No relationship between gender, modality of dialysis, duration from onset of dialysis, serum levels of hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, manganese, and vitamin C with anxiety and depression disorders (p > 0.05 for all). The severity of depression was higher in hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis patients (P < 0.001). The Serum level of Vitamin E significantly was higher in depressed in comparison with non-depressed cases (P=0.02).
ConclusionThere was no relationship between trace elements and vitamin C serum level and depression or anxiety disorders. An unreported finding was significantly higher level of vitamin E in depressed patients in comparison to those without it.
Keywords: Dialysis, Child, Trace Elements, Depression, Anxiety -
Background
The demand for orthodontic treatment to correct malocclusion has increased worldwide. A main cause of applying for orthodontics treatment may arise from mental disorders, such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BDD, the real need for orthodontic treatment based on the ICON index, and inquiry about orthodontics treatment in women.
MethodsIn a case-control study, 414 women from the public outpatient dental clinic of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, completed a demographic questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD (BDD-YBOCS). A specialist also determined the ICON index for each participant.
ResultsAmong 414 subjects, 52 patients (31 in the orthodontics and 21 in the control group) (p=0.182) had a BDD-YBOCS score of 20 or above. The frequency of BDD, based on a definite diagnosis by an interview with a psychiatric specialist, was 6.28% among the orthodontic patients, which was significantly more than that of other dental patients (p<0.05). The mean ICON index score was found to have a significant difference between the orthodontic patients and the controls (p<0.001). No correlation was found between the severity of ICON and BDD-YBOCS scores in all the participants (p=0.804), in the cases (p=0.655), or the controls (p=0.403).
ConclusionThe current study found no correlation between ICON and BDD score. However, a significantly higher rate of BDD subjects receiving orthodontic procedures suggests using the BDD-YBOCS survey in dental clinics to screen patients suspected of having BDD for further psychological management.
Keywords: Anxiety, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Control Groups, Depression, Malocclusion, Outpatients -
مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، سال شصت و هفتم شماره 5 (پیاپی 197، آذر و دی 1403)، صص 1445 -1454مقدمه
هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی روان درمانی پویشی فشرده کوتاه مدت بر سرکوب هیجانی و شدت علائم روده ای بیماران تایپ D سندروم روده تحریک پذیر دارای افسردگی کاموربید بود.
روش کارپژوهش حاضر یک طرح آزمایشی کنترل شده تصادفی است که در آن از تمامی بیماران تایپ D سندروم تحریک پذیر دارای اختلال افسردگی اساسی کاموربید مراجعه کرده به کلینیک های اعصاب و روان شهر قم در تابستان 1402، 30 آزمودنی با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای و بر اساس معیارهای ورودی انتخاب شدند. آنها به طور تصادفی در یکی از گروه های مداخله (ISTDP) یا کنترل قرار گرفتند. از پرسشنامه کنترل هیجانی (ECQ) و مقیاس فراوانی و شدت علائم روده ای (BSS-FS) به منظور اندازه گیری پیش آزمون و پس آزمون سرکوب هیجانی و شدت علائم سرکوب هیجانی استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS-26 و از طریق آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس یک راهه مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته هاآزمون تحلیل کوواریانس برای تغییرات بین گروهی هر دو متغیر سرکوب هیجانی (02/0=P و 24/84=F) و شدت علائم سندروم روده تحریک پذیر (03/0=P و 75/66=F) معنادار بود.
نتیجه گیریمی توان روان درمانی پویشی فشرده کوتاه مدت را درمانی مناسب برای کاهش سرکوب هیجانی و شدت علائم روده ای بیماران تایپ D سندروم روده تحریک پذیر دارای افسردگی کاموربید در نظر گرفت.
کلید واژگان: روان درمانی پویشی، سندروم روده تحریک پذیر، سرکوب هیجانی، افسردگی.IntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) on emotion suppression and severity of intestinal symptoms of IBS-D patients with comorbid Depression.
Methodsthis was a randomized controlled trial and from IBS-D patients with comorbid Depression of neuropsychiatric clinics in Qom during summer 2023, 30 eligible individuals were selected using randomized clustered sampling and were randomly assigned into intervention (ISTDP) and control group. The data from Emotional Control Questionary (ECQ) and Bowel Symptoms Severity and Frequency Scale (BSS-FS) in pretest and posttest were analyzed via SPSS-26 through analyze of covariance (ANCOVA).
Resultsthe ANCOVA results showed that the differences between groups in emotional suppression (F=84/24, p=0/02) and severity of intestinal symptoms (F=66/75, p=0/03) were significant.
ConclusionISTDP can be considered as an effective intervention for reducing emotional suppression and intestinal symptoms in depressed IBS-D patients.
Keywords: Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Emotional Suppression, Depression -
هدف
ترس از افتادن یک اختلال عصبی و بسیار شایع در بیماران سکته مغزی است که فرد را در تحرک و فعالیت های روزمره زندگی و درنتیجه تعاملات اجتماعی محدود می کند. بنابراین غربالگری و تشخیص زودهنگام ترس از افتادن، نقش مهمی در مدیریت توانبخشی موثر و کارآمد برای این بیماران دارد. باتوجه به اینکه پرسش نامه هایی که برای ارزیابی ترس از افتادن در بیماران با سکته مغزی وجود دارند، هیچ کدام تک سوالی نیستند، بدین ترتیب مطالعه حاضر به منظور طراحی و اعتبارسنجی یک مقیاس تک سوالی (مقیاس درجه بندی ترس از افتادن) برای غربالگری سریع تر و مرحله به مرحله ترس از زمین خوردن در بیماران سکته مغزی انجام شده است. همچنین با توجه به تاثیر عوامل روانی-اجتماعی مثل اضطراب و افسردگی بر ترس از افتادن در این بیماران، در این مطالعه این عوامل (اضطراب و افسردگی) کنترل شده است.
روش بررسیدر این مطالعه مقطعی، 180 بیمار با علائم پس از سکته مغزی از کلینیک های توانبخشی دولتی و خصوصی تهران شامل بیمارستان رفیده، بیمارستان لقمان، بیمارستان تجریش، کلینیک هستی، کلینیک نظام مافی و کلینیک دانشکده توانبخشی ایران از طریق نمونه گیری در دسترس در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. نمونه گیری در میانه آذرماه سال 1400 الی میانه اسفندماه سال 1400 انجام شد. نقطه برش و شاخص های اعتبار برای مقیاس درجه بندی ترس از افتادن با در نظر گرفتن (مقیاس اثربخشی سقوط -بین المللی)، به عنوان پرسش نامه معیار محاسبه شدند.
یافته هابراساس تجزیه وتحلیل منحنی راک، نقطه برش حاصل برای مقیاس درجه بندی ترس از افتادن برابر با 3 به دست آمد و میزان شاخص ویژگی و حساسیت به ترتیب 30/82 و 61/77 شدند. شاخص پیش بینی مثبت و شاخص پیش بینی منفی به ترتیب 8/32 و 1/97 شدند.
نتیجه گیریمقیاس نک موردی ترس از افتادن دارای سطح موثری از دقت تشخیصی است و می تواند به عنوان یک ابزار سریع برای غربالگری ترس از افتادن استفاده شود. علاوه براین، می توان از آن برای ارزیابی پروتکل های مرحله به مرحله در بیماران سکته مغزی مزمن استفاده کرد.
کلید واژگان: سکته، غربالگری، ترس، توانبخشی، منحنی راک، اضطراب، افسردگیObjectiveFear of falling (FOF) is a critical and highly prevalent neuropsychological disorder in stroke patients, confining the individual in mobility, activities of daily living, and communication. Screening and detecting FOF is crucial in effective and efficient rehabilitation management. Considering that none of the questionnaires that assess the FOF in patients with stroke are single-item, the present study was conducted to design and validate a single-item scale (FOF rating scale [FOF-RS]) for a faster and step-by-step screening of the FOF in stroke patients. Also, considering the impact of psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression on the fear of falling in these patients, they were controlled in this study.
Materials & MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, 180 participants suffering post-stroke symptoms were recruited from public and private rehabilitation clinics, including Rafideh Hospital, Loqman Hospital, Tajrish SHohada Hospital, Nizam Mafi Clinic, Hasti Clinic, and Iran Rehabilitation Faculty Clinic through convenience sampling in Tehran City, Iran. Sampling was conducted within 3 months, between December 2021 and March 2022. The cut-off point and validity indicators were computed for FOF-RS, considering FES-I (falls efficacy scale-international) as a criterion measure.
ResultsBased on receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the resulting cut-off point for the FOF-RS (>3) had a satisfactory level of specificity (82.30) and sensitivity (77.61). Also, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 32.8 and 97.1, respectively.
ConclusionThe FOF-RS has an adequate level of diagnostic accuracy and may well be used as a fast tool for screening FOF. Besides, it could assess step-by-step protocols in chronic stroke patients.
Keywords: Stroke, Mass Screening, Fear, Rehabilitation, ROC Curve, Anxiety, Depression
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