جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "development instrument" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Measuring the cost of treatment is one of the daily concerns of the developed world, which play a fundamental role in the design and evaluation of health systems. The present study was conducted with the aim of development and psychometrics of "Treatment Cost Management Scale" for children with cancer.

The current research is of a methodological type. In the qualitative part, a wide review of the literature related to the research subject, including library documents and scientific articles from 2003 to 2021, was conducted and by analyzing them in the form of a data extraction form, "Treatment Cost Management Scale" was developed. In the quantitative part, the content validity ratio and the content validity index of the scale were conducted by asking the opinions of 15 people from the medical staff of Shafizadeh Children's Hospital in Babol city with the snowball method. Construct validity was investigated by exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity and divergent validity by distributing the designed scale among 250 available medical staff of Shafizadeh Children's Hospital. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability were calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed in SPSS. 22 and Amos. 24.

In the qualitative part, "Treatment Cost Management Scale" was developed with 24 items. The values of the content validity ratio for all items were 0.49 and the content validity index was 0.80. Exploratory factor analysis showed the construct validity of 6 subscales. Divergent validity was equal to 0.58 and composite reliability was equal to 0.89 and reliability by internal consistency method was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.88.

"Treatment Cost Management Scale" is valid and reliable with 24 items and 6 subscales. It is suggested to use the designed scale in researches related to health and treatment services to manage the costs of children with cancer.

In the last two decades, the competitive education system has been an integral part of the concern of all educational administrators, and it is necessary to measure it. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to development and psychometrics "Competitiveness Scale of open and Distance Education System in Iran".
The method of the present study is mixed. In the qualitative section, the Delphi method was used to develop the "Competitiveness Education Scale of Open and Distance Education System in Iran". Qualitative sampling was performed purposefully by snowball method (until saturation) with 10 faculty members of Payame Noor University of Tehran Province were evaluated. In the quantitative part, content and face validity were measured qualitatively with the opinion of 10 people (both methods with 10 people separately, but with the same samples) from the faculty members of Payame Noor University of Tehran Province. The construct validity was measured by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (both) with a sample of 230 (randomly stratified sampling) faculty members and PhD students of Payame Noor University of Tehran Province. Reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient with the above sample. Data analysis was performed in the qualitative part by coding method and the quantitative part was performed using SPSS. 19 and LISREL. 8.5.
From the qualitative section, the terms "Competitiveness Scale of Open and Distance Education System in Iran" were obtained. The results showed that the content and face validity of the scale were confirmed. The validity of the results of factor analysis showed that the instrument has 100 items with 14 subscales including: macro-international level, national level, educational system level, educational system goals, university teachers, staff and support agents, resource management, student recruitment and retention, content the teaching-learning process, competitive advantage, value creation in society, value creation for stakeholders, value creation at the level of the educational system. Reliability was obtained by internal correlation method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.67 to 0.94.
"Competitiveness Scale of Open and Distance Education System in Iran" with 100 terms and 14 subscales has appropriate validity and reliability. It is suggested that this scale be used to measure the level of competitiveness in the open and distance education system.