جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "disaster" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Terrorism is the illegal use of power and violence against individuals or society to intimidate or force governments. The occurrence of such incidents is not far from expected, as these incidents have been increasing in recent decades in Iran. On Sunday, August 13, 2023, at 19:30, a terrorist attack was carried out by two terrorists in Shahcheragh shrine (one of the holy and religious places in Shiraz city) in Iran. The main terrorist entered the courtyard from one of the main doors and started shooting with a gun. During this incident, 2 people were killed and 7 people were injured. A few minutes later, the armed person was arrested by the police and the second person ran away. The terrorist group of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) took responsibility for this terrorist attack by declaring a statement. This review was written with the aim of investigating why lessons were not learned from previous incidents, especially the Shahcheragh terrorist incident that happened in 2022, and this incident was repeated again.

Ensuring access to nutritious and sanitary food is essential for maintaining health, particularly during disasters. This study aimed to assess awareness and attitudes towards food safety during disasters among Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences students.  This study was conducted in 2022 using a cross-sectional descriptive design. The sample consisted of 350 students from the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The research tools comprised a demographic survey and a researcher-made questionnaire assessing students' knowledge and attitudes concerning food hygiene practices during disaster scenarios. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and independent t-test.  The average age of the participants was 21.25 ± 3.17. The average knowledge and attitude scores of the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences students regarding food hygiene during disasters were 80.80 ± 5.22 and 22.00 ± 10.51, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the knowledge level and the educational level of the participants. Television and radio were identified as the primary sources of information on food hygiene during disasters, while friends and family were the least utilized sources.  Based on the study findings, enhancing public education on food hygiene during disasters is recommended as a core curriculum in medical science universities. Public education should be widely implemented across various departments and faculties to reach a broader audience. Mass media, particularly radio, and television, should be prioritized for effective dissemination of information.

Earthquake is a natural disaster that threaten large parts of Iran. In addition to the preparedness of relief organizations, people should know how to protect themselves from possible damages. Tehran, the capital of Iran, is prone to earthquakes and citizens’ preparedness for possible earthquakes should be improved. This study aims to measure the safe emergency evacuation knowledge of citizens in Tehran, in case of an earthquake. 

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 602 residents of Tehran (all 22 districts) aged ≥15 years in 2022. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability to measure the knowledge of safe placement and safe evacuation.

The mean knowledge score of citizens was 8.8 out of 20. The knowledge score was significantly higher in women than in men, in people under the age of 64, in those with higher level of education, in students/housekeepers and employed people, in people who had received relevant information from the educational programs prepared by the municipality and educational textbooks, and in those living in privileged urban areas. Nearly 25% of people had not received any education related to earthquake. Radio/TV programs and educational textbooks were the most common sources of information. 

There is a need to improve the knowledge of safe emergency evacuation during an earthquake among the residents of Tehran. In addition to formal education in schools/universities, citizens need appropriate training courses in other centers with the help of social media. Planning in this area should be attractive to motivate citizens to acquire more disaster knowledge.

To meet the health needs of the community, health care systems should involve various crucial resources, including humans, finance, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, information, and physical space. These resources are needed to balance the healthcare system, providing people with a continuum of services for health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment, disease management, rehabilitation, and palliative care services based on people’s living conditions. Also, appropriate management and leadership are other vital resources to provide quality, safe, and equal healthcare services. It is clear that strategic planning is one of the most crucial elements of healthcare management, and the importance of this subject becomes more considerable in crisis conditions, which involve the organization or even the whole society. Therefore, it is better for societies to design scenario-based crisis management programs, which would be extremely beneficial for them to overcome the crisis faster with the lowest losses. This scenario-based planning should be given much more importance in countries where the population density and poverty rate are higher and they may not be sufficient in terms of the provision of quality and timely healthcare services. It seems that designing crisis management programs based on three scenarios, which are explained below, can be highly advantageous in paving the way for handling the crisis situation.

Health information systems are critically important in disaster management. It supports disaster management activities and the information needed for decision-making support. We aimed to evaluate comprehensively published literature on disaster health information systems designed to identify and extract the required framework and components.

A systematic review approach was used to systematically seek, screen, and synthesize data extracted from papers on using health information systems in disasters from the electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and SAGE) with no limit up to Jan 2022 following the PRISMA declaration for reporting. The inclusion criteria consisted of full-text journal articles, publications in English, and studies focusing on disaster health information systems, critically evaluated articles using the Joanna Brigg Institute (JBI). Content analysis was used to analyze extracted data.

Of 998 identified references, 18 articles were finally included and analyzed in this study and they are good quality according to appraisal results using JBI. Most reports described research of development or working prototypes and working framework; only two referred to early research or proposed design or framework. Of 18 articles; identified into 3 themes; 4 DHISs in pre-disaster, thirteen DHISs used during the disaster, and one DHIS in post-disaster were identified.

All the systems have a design or framework starting from strategies and plans, information flow, disaster management, and operation engagement, and involve all stakeholders, including the community. Its systems are supported by the latest technology and methods and the principles of integration and interoperability to obtain a DHIS that can assist decision-making processes.

A hospital’s ability that is exposed to risk is important for maintaining its basic structure and functions by relying on increasing various capacities recovering from the effects of risks at the right time and reaching a higher level of readiness. Accordingly, the present study investigates the components of organizational resilience of hospitals during emergencies and disasters.

This comprehensive review was conducted in 2022. Data was collected by searching keywords in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Magiran, Irandoc, and SID databases from 2012 to 2022. The quality of the articles was evaluated using the strengthening of the reporting of observational studies in the epidemiology checklist by two researchers. The results of the studies were categorized in the form of dimensions and components.

A total of 20 studies with various methods were summarized after quality assessment. Subsequently, the identified components were categorized into 5 dimensions as follows: the vulnerability of the hospital (18 components), preparedness (31 components), management and support (33 components), responsiveness and adaptability (35 components), and recovery after crisis (8 components).

A review of the studies showed the importance of each component in the field of hospital organizational resilience. In this regard, policymakers at the decision-making level and managers at the executive level should pay attention to the components that affect the organizational resilience of the hospital regarding the structure, process, and expected consequences, and then make the necessary decisions regarding the implementation of policies and solutions.

Disasters increase the incidence of infectious and contagious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and trauma. This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of man-made disasters on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

This is a systematic review conducted following the PRISMA protocol. The population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) framework utilized for this research is as follows: P: people with CVDs; I: various manmade disasters; C: no intervention is being compared; O: prevalence, treatment, and management of the disease. In the present study, English-language articles published until November 9, 2022 that investigated CVDs in human-made disasters were included. We conducted an extensive search in Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and SCOPUS.

The primary search of the databases resulted in 1878 articles, from which 1219 non-duplicate records. Finally, 18 articles were included; 13 studies were in the area of nuclear and atomic accidents, four studies were related to the sulfur mustard gas, and one was related tomethyl chloride.

CVDs increased in prevalence after man-made disasters, particularly among high-risk individuals. The likelihood of developing CVDs is higher with increasing dose, intensity, and duration of exposure.

There is a close relationship between mental health and psychosocial problems in disaster settings, as well as overlap in the support provided for these problems. Therefore, public health officials need to understand the burden of behavioral health conditions among survivors and the needs of the affected community. This study aimed to develop a mental health minimum data set for an electronic disaster registry system to provide timely, essential, and accurate information to personnel on the ground and policymakers to design a disaster response and develop an action plan rapidly.

The present study is a mixed‑method (sequential exploratory) study. In the qualitative phase, a literature review and semi‑structured interviews with experts were conducted to generate an item pool for the mental health response in disasters. In the quantitative phase the quantitative content validity, content validity ratio and content validity index were used.

proposed data elements, 85 data elements were confirmed according to the opinion of experts and categorized into two main parts, pre-disaster part with three sections; including region profile, mental health local background, regional mental health committee affairs, and post-disaster parts with five sections including disaster information, information of mental health teams, mental health status, mental health interventions, and mental health need assessment.

Collecting this minimum data set is critical for helping policymakers and healthcare providers prevent, control, and manage the mental health impacts of disasters during the response phase. Besides facilitating and promoting disaster prevention and response programs and measures.

Different religions have tackled the issue of natural disasters, considering them the result of people’s sins, holy action, and tools used by God to punish people. These beliefs will keep people reluctant to do anything to respond well to disasters since they believe that nothing could or should be done. Of course, the Holy Quran advises believers to stay cautious about disaster risks and try to lessen them. Thus, this research aims to investigate the verses of the Holy Quran about disaster risk management to correct religious beliefs about this topic.

A qualitative study was conducted. First, verses of Holy Quran related to disasters were identified through a search in Quran’s text, translation, and interpretation. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

82 of verses were included in the analysis after evaluating their content. The results were divided into two categories: readiness, and prevention and vulnerability reduction.

This research confirms that Islam has paid much attention to disaster readiness and prevention. This issue has been stated in Holy Quran with many examples and suggestions. Precise reflection in these verses can have a notable influence on changing the views and beliefs of society members, and these verses are proof of the policies, actions, and plans that humanity has reached after years of experience against hazards.

Due to their unique circumstances, pregnant women face a heightened risk of experiencing pregnancy complications during and after catastrophic events. This study aims to investigate the consequences of both natural and man-made disasters on pregnancy outcomes.

This study is a systematic review. Searches were performed until May 31, 2024, in the electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus. Outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and pregnancy-related blood pressure complications were studied.

The search conducted in the databases yielded 3307 non-duplicate records. After reading the abstracts, 3204 articles were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full texts of 103 article were obtained. However, upon reading the full texts of articles, 13 of them did not meet the inclusion criteria for the study. Consequently, 90 articles were ultimately included.

Natural and man-made disasters exert significant influence on adverse pregnancy outcomes. While it is impossible to prevent the incidence of natural disasters and often man-made disasters occur abruptly, the negative consequences of disasters, particularly natural ones, can be mitigated by enhancing prenatal care and avoiding detrimental elements such as smoking and alcohol. 

Disasters occur as a result of the interaction between hazards and the societal conditions. These conditions that turn hazards into disasters are referred to as vulnerability. Vulnerability has different dimensions; one of its important dimensions is the social dimension. This study was conducted to explore social factors influencing disaster risk and vulnerability in Islamic Republic of Iran's social context. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts who were purposefully selected. Collected data were analyzed and coded manually using the conventional content analysis technique. The trustworthiness of the study findings was checked by Guba and Lincoln's criteria (credibility, conformability, dependability and transformability). In this study, 16 disaster management experts were interviewed. The coding process of the interviews led to the formation of 243 codes, which were merged and 10 categories of social factors affecting disaster risks and vulnerability were identified: personal characteristics, community risk perception, employment, quality of residence, social capital, disaster/risk governance, religious beliefs, economical condition, communication/social isolation, and the existence of infrastructures. Many social factors cause increased disaster risks and vulnerabilities. These factors are affected by the characteristics of societies and act differently in each society. This study has identified and introduced these factors from the point of view of experts, which can be used by policymakers in this field.

Hospital preparedness for accidents and disasters is vital in maintaining and promoting community health. However, the country’s hospitals are not well prepared for disasters. The hospital safety index (HSI) was 42% in Iranian hospitals in 2014. This study aims to investigate the HSI in Iranian hospitals in 2020 and to provide solutions to improve it.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed for the country’s hospitals. The results recorded in the Farsi version of the hospital safety index (FHSI) software in 2020 were used. Hospital teams used the FHSI checklist (151 options) in three areas of structural, non-structural, and functional safety to assess the hospital and register in the FHSI system. The registered results of the hospitals were collected based on the medical universities of the country. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

A total of 604 hospitals registered safety index information in the system. The mean score of the HSI of the country’s hospitals was 60.84. A total of 130 hospitals (21.5%) had low safety levels, 418 hospitals (69%) had moderate safety levels, and 56 hospitals (9.2%) had high safety levels against disasters. The mean scores were in structural safety (57.20), non-structural (65.24), and functional safety (63.36). Hamedan (76.81) and Kerman (75.61) Provinces had the highest score, and Yazd (53.74), and Lorestan (57.31) Provinces had the lowest score in the country.

The HSI against disasters in 2020 compared to 2014 has reached 6 out of 10 and we have about a 41.5% increase in safety (from 43 to 60.84). However, the HSI is moderate. Strengthening the safety and resilience of hospitals, improving the safety of medical equipment, improving the knowledge and skills of managers in the scientific development of preparedness, response and recovery programs, funding and support of crisis programs, attention to security programs, pollution, and evacuation are among the solutions of development and enhancement of hospital preparedness against disasters.

It would be inaccurate to state that Yemen’s difficulties began with the current civil war in September of 2014. While the war brought about its own list of insurmountable tribulations, it also exacerbated already present disasters. This article explores the many dynamics that have led to what has been referred to as the world’s worst humanitarian crisis. These include war, internal displacement, economic disaster, healthcare collapse, outbreaks in refugee camps, vaccination concerns, malnutrition, food insecurity, water sparsity, and infectious disease catastrophes. Along with accurate depictions of what is happening on the ground, this article suggests a few potential solutions worth investigating further, ranging from national and international efforts. With an ever-changing climate, this article serves to provide the most up to date impression of the current crisis and disasters.

A disaster, as a serious disruption in the functioning of society, may cause extensive damage. Following a disaster, the demand for healthcare increases, and people rush to healthcare centers. In such situations, health staff and medical services play an important role. As a result, people’s knowledge, attitude, and practice toward disaster preparedness in the workplace play an important role in accident prevention.

This cross-sectional analytical descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital staff to prepare for disasters in 2020. A total number of 350 hospital staff working at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected using the cluster sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data and SPSS software, version 21 was used to analyze the data.

The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding disaster preparedness were 9.44±1.53, 39.26±4.8, and 7.26±3.66, respectively. In addition, 74.5%, 89.5%, and 29.2% of participants showed good knowledge, attitude, and practice, respectively. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (r=254, P<0.001), knowledge and practice (r=205, P<0.001), and attitude and practice (r=161, P=0.004). 

Results revealed a good level of knowledge and attitude and a moderate level of practice in hospital staff in terms of disaster preparedness. It seems necessary to hold both theoretical and practical training programs as well as operational maneuvers with an emphasis on repetition in appropriate intervals.

The long trends of drought have caused much damage to the society. This phenomenon leads to an imbalance between water supply and demand with the abnormal dominance of arid climate over an area. Given the recent widespread climate changes in the world and the importance of conserving water resources, the present study aimed to identify methods to reduce pressure on drinking water resources in drought conditions. This study was conducted by using the narrative method (scope review). The research environment included Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases and the articles were selected and reviewed according to the defined and peerreviewed inclusion criteria. The period searched was 2000-2020. The findings showed that the effective components in reducing the pressure on drinking water resources are the use of new devices such as water desalination equipment, the use of methods to reduce water loss, culture and community education, and policy and adoption of water management strategies to prevent waste and recycling. Given the level of economic growth of each country and the prevailing culture, it is necessary to take managerial measures, educate members of society and use modern equipment to reduce water consumption. The results of this study showed that the recycling of drinking water and the use of gray water is also an important factor that needs special attention.

Hospitals play an important role in protecting the health and survival of people during disasters. Despite the development of risk management programs worldwide in recent years, hospital preparedness in disasters is low and one reason for that is the lack of hospital standards for disaster preparedness. This study aims to develop hospital accreditation standards for hospital disaster risk management based on national and international experiences.

We used a mixed-method explanatory sequential approach. At first, a comparative study was conducted and the disaster risk management (DRM) hospital standards were extracted from 10 selected countries, namely the United States, Canada, Australia, Malaysia, India, Thailand, Egypt, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Denmark. Standards were analyzed according to the DRM life cycle and the most comprehensive framework was chosen. For national experiences, purposeful semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 experts in disastrous events in the country and continued until the saturation stage. In addition, Graneheim and Landman’s contractual content analysis method was used for data analysis. After combining international standards and national experiences, the proposed standards were introduced and the content validity index and content validity ratio were done by 25 experts.

Differences were observed in the quality and quantity of the selected countries’ DRM standards. The national accreditation standards of the United States, Australia, and Canada had comprehensive standards and covered all aspects of the disaster risk management cycle. A total of 27 standards from the International Standards Review and 31 standards from interviews were added (a total of 58 standards). The content validity results of the standards were within acceptable limits. After editing and determining the measurement criteria, the final standards were introduced.

This study introduces comprehensive DRM standards based on international and national documents and experiences that can be useful for policymakers and accreditation organizations in both developed and developing countries for hospital evaluation. This is also useful for hospitals as a roadmap for promoting preparedness in disasters.