جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « electrolyte imbalance » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Despite the self-limiting nature of bronchiolitis, its severe forms require hospitalization. Electrolyte imbalance during bronchiolitis is common, however, the relationship between bronchiolitis severity and serum sodium (Na) levels has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum Na level and bronchiolitis severity.

This cross-sectional study included hospitalized children with bronchiolitis at Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol, Iran, from May 2020 to May 2021. Diarrhea, underlying disease, glucocorticoid intake, and intravenous fluid therapy before admission were considered exclusion criteria. The Bierman-Pierson scale was used to evaluate the severity of the disease, and hyponatremia was divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Variables were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) 26. A value of P<0.05 was considered significant.

Sixty-one children (55.7% male) with a mean age of 5.19 ± 4.36 months were enrolled in the study, with most (50.8%) belonging to the mild form of the disease. The mean serum Na levels based on the severity of bronchiolitis were 136.22 (SD: 2.99), 133.76 (SD: 3.88), and 130.50 (SD: 11.45) in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between serum sodium level and severity of bronchiolitis (P-value = 0.013).

The results showed that higher severity of bronchiolitis was associated with an increased risk of hyponatremia. Therefore, periodic monitoring and correction of hyponatremia in children with bronchiolitis, especially at younger ages, is necessary to improve the outcome of the disease.

 After the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19), pediatric involvement has been seen as case reports with various initial symptoms.

 Here, we report a 2-months old boy with severe dehydration, fever, and electrolyte imbalance with lung involvement compatible with COVID-19 in the Northeast of Iran (North Khorasan).

 Pediatric case reports in COVID-19 are limited, and it seems that the disease has a milder course compared to the adult patients, but the range of the clinical features is wide.
 

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the common gastrointestinal diseases with various side effects. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are widely used for their treatment and long‑term ingestion, which results in an electrolyte imbalance. This study investigates the changes in serum magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium after long‑term use of omeprazole in children.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 2016–2017 on 97 children and adolescents, aged 1–15 years, with GERD, in Isfahan, Iran. Enrolled were patients visiting a referral pediatric gastroenterology clinic (Imam Hossein
and Amin Hospitals) examined by an academic pediatric gastroenterologist. Before and 4 weeks after omeprazole administration, clinical manifestations including lethargy, muscle spasm, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, abnormal heartbeat and deep tendon reflexes, and Chvostek and Trousseau signs were recorded in a data‑gathering form. In addition, fasting serum magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium were measured.

The McNemar test results showed that omeprazole can reduce sodium, calcium, and magnesium levels statistically significantly (P < 0.05), but potassium levels do not have a meaningful reduction (P > 0.05).

Consumption  of omeprazole might cause asymptomatic hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypernatremia in children. Such side effects should be considered in the follow‑up of children under treatment with this medication.

Electrolytes play a significant role in the regulation of various vital functions in the human body. Changes in electrolyte composition can be pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of electrolyte imbalances after a maxillofacial surgery and find possible relationship between imbalances and kind of surgery.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 101 maxillofacial surgery patients admitted to Besat educational hospital were selected by convenience sampling method. Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) of each patient were measured a day before the operation and on the first and the third post-operative days. The demographic and medical information and also details of the surgery of each patient were documented in checklists, which were used when all the needed data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0.

Our results showed that, among electrolyte imbalances, hypocalcemia was the most frequent with 26.3%, followed by hyponatremia with 18.7%, and hypermagnesemia with 16.6%, while potassium demonstrated the least changes (6.3%) after a maxillofacial surgery. There was a significant correlation between the body mass index (BMI) and magnesium (P=0.032) and calcium (P=0.021) imbalances (hypo or hyper). Statistical analyses showed that magnesium abnormalities are more common in patients with jaw trauma on the third post-operative day in comparison with first postoperative day (P=0.037).

Hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, and hypermagnesemia are relatively common after maxillofacial surgeries. The findings showed that some factors such as the BMI and etiology of maxillofacial surgeries could cause electrolyte abnormalities after maxillofacial surgery. Identifying these factors could be useful in planning strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and early treatment of possible complications, which, in turn, may result in an improvement in the quality of care.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence acquisition techniques for iron assessment have revolutionized the study of iron overload in different organs. We hypothesized that MRI can accurately and reliably assess possible iron deposition in the myocardium and liver by measurement of T2* value.
Seventeen patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis were enrolled. An electrocardiography-gated single breath hold fast multiecho T2* sequence was acquired in the short axis at basal and mid-ventricular levels. The same technique was utilized to estimate liver parenchyma iron content.
Iron deposition in the liver was present in 50% of the hemodialysis patients. No iron deposition was found in the myocardium. A strong univariable inverse linear association was detected between serum albumin and T2* in the liver (r = -0.84, P Even though using intravenous iron infusion is a common practice in chronic dialysis patients, it seems the myocardium as opposed to the liver is resistant to or protected against iron deposition. There were no meaningful differences in the relationship between iron overload in the liver and the dialysis time vintage. A more aggressive trend of iron therapy and different formulations of iron infusion could be an explanation of iron deposition in the liver.

Month of Ramadan bring many changes in life style, especially the diet of Muslims all over the world among both fasting and nonfasting individuals. Hemodialysis patients are kept on restricted diet because of fluid and electrolytes imbalance. The aim of this study was to compare changes in the clinical and biochemical parameters in fasting and nonfasting hemodialysis patients during the Ramadan.
In a longitudinal study, we recruited 282 patients who were on maintenance dialysis for more than 3 months. Measurements included body weight, blood pressure, serum potassium, serum albumin, and serum phosphorus at the beginning and during the last week of Ramadan.
There were 252 patients who were not fasted while 34 patients were those who fasted during the Ramadan. In the nonfasting hemodialysis patients, serum albumin significantly increased at the end of Ramadan (P Changes in dietary pattern and content during the Ramadan is safe in terms of electrolyte balance and blood pressure changes for patients on hemodialysis. It is also safe for those patients who want to fast during this month.