جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "electroshock" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder affecting a broad spectrum of individuals. Recently, there has been increased interest in the role of oxidative stress in epilepsy; adjuvant antiepileptic medicines aimed at reducing oxidative stress may serve as a novel therapeutic approach. In the present study, we investigated the effects of zingerone, a phenolic compound, on maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers in mice.

In the MES model, the first and second groups received saline and phenytoin (25 mg/kg i.p.), respectively. Groups three to five received zingerone (5, 10, and 30 mg/kg). Thirty minutes later, the digital electroconvulsiometer developed seizures. In the PTZ model, the first and second groups received saline, whereas the others received diazepam (3 mg/kg, i.p.) or zingerone (5, 10, and 30 mg/kg). On day five, PTZ (80 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to all groups. After behavioral experiments, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the brain tissue of PTZ model mice were measured.

Our findings suggest that zingerone may have anticonvulsant effects by increasing latency and decreasing the duration of clonic convulsion, tonic hindlimb extension, and mortality rate. Additionally, zingerone administration increased SOD and CAT activities and decreased TBARS levels in the brain tissue of PTZ model mice.

This study suggests that zingerone protects against epileptic seizures and alleviates the oxidative stress associated with epilepsy pathogenesis.

Antibiotics are medicines that fight against bacterial infections and are usually considered safe drugs. However, they can simultaneously cause several adverse reactions. Nitrofurantoin, which is mainly administered for treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections, causes seizure reportedly. Therefore, further research is required to be conducted to simulate the case report situations and examine whether nitrofurantoin is the main factor leading to seizures. To do this, NMRI male mice (20-30 gr) were chosen and classified into different groups in both acute and chronic phases. Each phase contained mice treated with nitrofurantoin, phenytoin and the combination of both drugs as well as untreated control group. An Electroshock device was used to induce seizure in mice and then the effect of nitrofurantoin and phenytoin was examined in acute and chronic phases. Seizure induction in mice was examined 30 minutes and one week after injection in acute and chronic phases, respectively. Results indicated that THE (Tonic Hind-limb Extension) duration was different among the studied groups. Nitrofurantoin-injected mice were revealed to have a higher THE duration in comparison with control group, while phenytoin-injected group showed a lower THE duration. Furthermore, administration of nitrofurantoin and phenytoin combination reduced THE duration in both acute and chronic phases. Our conclusion is that nitrofurantoin can possess convulsive effects and cause seizure as a side effect.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for severe refractory mental diseases. Widespread cognitive complications have affected the acceptance of this treatment. Despite current evidence of short-term cognitive impairment, long-term cognition consequences are less determined.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical approach of psychiatrists, psychiatry residents, and nurses in psychiatric hospitals to the necessity, method, and frequency of cognitive assessment in candidate patients for ECT.

In this descriptive study, 89 professional members of Roozbeh and Razi hospitals, Tehran, Iran, including nurses, residents, and faculty members of psychiatry, were selected using the purposive sampling method. The research questionnaires were sent, and 58 fulfilled questionnaires were sent back. The data were analyzed using central indicators and statistical dispersion. The designed questionnaire included the items related to the specialists’ views on the necessity of post-ECT cognitive evaluations, best batteries, frequency of performing the tests, and other related domains.

After close follow-up, 58 out of 89 participants completed the questionnaires, including 17 psychiatrists (29.3%), 20 nurses (34.5%), and 21 psychiatry residents (36.2%). The results were analyzed and interpreted in detail. The average work experience of respondents in the psychiatry field was 6.89 years (range: 1 - 25 years). Additionally, 97% of the specialists did not have any project in the ECT field and cognitive disorders. More than 80% of the participants believed that cognition evaluation is necessary for ECT-candidate patients; however, only 15% of the specialists referred patients for the assessment. Moreover, 43% of the experts recommended the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; nevertheless, nearly 26% of the experts recommended the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System for the cognitive assessment of these patients. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was recommended by 20% of the experts. Nearly two-thirds of the respondents believed that a proper assessment should be carried out in about 30 minutes. More than 60% of the experts believed that patients should be evaluated before receiving the first session of ECT, and nearly one-third of the experts recommended only a post-ECT evaluation. More than half of the experts believed that ECT should be discontinued in case of severe cognitive impairment after ECT. Alternatively, less than 30% of the experts believed that it is necessary to make changes in the treatment dose and the interval between sessions. Furthermore, 80% of the experts recommended cognitive rehabilitation for patients with significant cognitive impairment after ECT; nonetheless, less than 20% of the experts recommended treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor.

A large percentage of patients do not undergo a comprehensive cognitive assessment before ECT, which is an important challenge in the estimation of post-ECT cognitive decline. There is a need to design inexpensive and sensitive tests for cognitive assessment. The test could measure different cognitive domains and be acceptable in terms of time. Due to the limited number of specialists working in this field, the frequency of assessment and treatment methods after the identification of cognitive disorders are heterogeneous. Therefore, it is required to design a native and practical guideline. These results could help the researchers design future studies to determine the best method of cognitive evaluation after ECT, appropriate batteries, recommended intervals, and treatment decisions after cognitive decline detection.