جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « extra pulmonary » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily an infectious disease of the respiratory system. COVID-19 might have unusual extra pulmonary clinical manifestations as initial symptoms. This systematic review included case reports published from January 2020 to June 2022 in English language that met the following criteria: unusual clinical manifestations as a sole or first initial manifestation of COVID-19, Confirmed positive Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR) and real time RTPCR COVID-19 patients, no history of pre-existing co morbidities or any family, past, personal history and complete details of patients with their management. All the case reports were identified in PubMed and Sciencedirect database. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A total of 14537 studies were screened and 46 case reports were included in this review. In 46 case reports, there were 49 patients (three case reports had two patients) in which 32 were males and 17 were females. Majority of the patients experienced neurological manifestations followed by gastrointestinal manifestations, haematological manifestations and ocular manifestations. Health care professionals should be aware and alert about unusual extra pulmonary clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients; this would help in making timely diagnosis and accurate treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging outbreak which has involved almost all of the countries of the world now. While the main symptoms of the disease are known to be respiratory symptoms like coughing and shortness of breath, extrapulmonary symptoms have also been reported in many cases of COVID-19. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations including diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and liver injury are amongst the most common extrapulmonary symptoms in COVID-19 patients.

We used Scopus, PubMed, and Google scholar databases for this review. The last search was run on November 21, 2020

Liver injury is mostly accompanied by an elevation in AST and ALT levels and a slight increase in serum billirubin levels that is observed in approximately 14.8-53.1% of COVID-19 patients.1-29% of COVID-19 patients present nausea and vomiting and 2 to 10% develop diarrhea. Abdominal pain is seen in about 2.2-6% of COVID-19 patients and most frequently seen in severely ill patients.

Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting and liver injury are the most common GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients while abdominal pain is not pretty common. There are no medications of proven efficacy to treat COVID-19 or its GI manifestations so far.

Tuberculosis kills more than 1 million people every year, most of them in low-income and middle-income countries. An understanding of the trends in tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality s crucial to track the success of tuberculosis control programs. Microbiological diagnosis of diseases caused by Mycobacteria should be fast and effective to prevent contagions and optimize the management of infections.

A total of 1412 clinical pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens were studied from January 2017 to December 2017 at Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. All specimens were processed according to standard operating procedures. All the specimens were subjected to microscopy, culture, GeneXpert.

Among 1412 samples received 813 were males (57.6%) and 599 females (42.4%). Among these 818 (57.9%) were pulmonary samples and 594 extra pulmonary samples. Mycobacterium prevalence was (21.6%) out of which Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 18.3% and Non tuberculous Mycobacteria (3.25%). The contamination rate was 2.6% (37 out of 1412). Among the positives, the most common affected age group was 21-30 yrs (22.2%). About 64 (4.53%) were smear positive. A total of 200 isolates (14.16%) were recovered by at least one culture LJ medium or BacT Alert 3D system. MTB was recovered in 216 (15.29%) by GeneXpert. MDRTB was detected in 8 (3.7%) by GeneXpert.

M. tuberculosis complex is responsible for immense worldwide morbidity and mortality. Delays in diagnosis may postpone administration of appropriate treatment and be detrimental to patient outcomes. Since traditional culture methods are slow, newer molecular techniques allow more rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a globally significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Few data on tuberculosis in children and adolescents are available in Iran.
The current study aimed to describe the case characteristics and clinical-epidemiological aspects of children and adolescents with TB.
A retrospective review was undertaken on 203 patients aged less than 19 years admitted to a referral TB hospital from 2006 to 2011.
Out of the 203 children and adolescents diagnosed with TB, 57.6% of cases were female. Median age was 15 years and 51% were 10 -18 years old; 83% had pure pulmonary TB. The common type of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) was pleuritis (64%) and 80% of the EPTB cases were observed in adolescents aged 15 - 18 years. Female adolescents aged 15-18 years were more likely to have positive smear (88%), cultural growth (63.6%) and drug resistant TB infection (71%).
In this referral hospital setting, more pediatric patients with TB were found among adolescent cases especially females. Early detection of adolescents at risk to developing infection is the essential constituent of TB control.

Background and Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that is commonly caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. As Kurdistan province is close to Iraq (risky due to political instability in recent years), the Bane city had high interaction with Iraq, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tuberculosis in Bane (Kurdistan) between 2003 and 2010. This descriptive longitudinal study was done from 2003 to 2010. The number of people with TB was 94 cases taken from the registry. The data included age, sex, type of disease, age and place of registration. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods through SPSS 20 software. Among the 94 cases recorded in this analysis, the women had higher percentage than men (41.49 percent and 58.51 for men and women, respectively) and the incidence rates were found to be 7.93 in men and 11.64 in women 100000 persons; therefore, there were significant differences between men and women (a p-value <0.01) in all patients in this study. Fifty five percent were from the urban and some others the rural areas and 98.9 percent of them were from Iran. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in females is higher than males. In addition, the average delay time of symptoms to diagnosis was 191 days, so this time, it is relatively high because TB is an infectious disease.