جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "face mask" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Protective behavior is recommended to prevent COVID-19. However, the existing gap is no reliable evidence of protective behavior in southern urban areas in Iran. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of face mask usage and shield use among pedestrians in the Abadan, Khoramshahr, and Shadegan southern cities of Iran. 

This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2021 in the southwestern urban population of Iran. In this study, 7 425 pedestrians were selected from 85 neighborhoods. Sampling was conducted using a multi-stage method. The data were collected by observation passers on the street with a checklist and analyzed by SPSS software, version 26 statistical and WINPEPI software. The acceptable significance level was P<0.05.

A total of 55.4% of the subjects were men. The prevalence of face mask usage was 3990(53.8%) (95% CI, 52.7%-55%). The correct use of the face mask and shield were (38.5% and 0.4%), respectively. The use of a face mask was higher in men than women (54.3 vs 53%). Pedestrians under 10 years (39.2%) and over 70 years (44.7%) had the lowest use of the mask. The use of face mask was more in the evening and night (58.1% vs 54.3%), and a significant relationship was observed between the use of the face mask and age (P<0.05).

 The prevalence of the use of face mask is relatively low. Therefore, the possibility of controlling the infection may be difficult. Promoting media literacy, emphasizing the perceived benefits of preventative behavior, and setting rules may improve mask use.

To assess the added risk of acute endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections associated with the widespread use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In this retrospective, single-center study, records of patients with acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections during the pre-COVID era—that is, March 1st , 2013 to October 31st, 2019 —and the COVID-19 era—that is, March 1st, 2020 to April 1st, 2021 —were reviewed and compared.

A total of 28,085 IVB injections were performed during the pre-COVID era; nine eyes of nine patients developed acute post-IVB endophthalmitis in this era, giving an overall incidence of 0.032% (3.2 in 10,000 injections). In the COVID era, 10,717 IVB injections were performed; four eyes of four patients developed acute post-IVB endophthalmitis in this era, giving an overall incidence of 0.037% (3.7 in 10,000 injections). The incidences of post-IVB endophthalmitis during these two eras were not statistically significantly different (P = 0.779).

Face masking protocols seem unlikely to impose any additional risk of post-IVB endophthalmitis.

Some recommendations and health protocols were presented to control COVID-19 after the outbreak, such as the use of face masks, observing social distancing, closure of schools, etc. Despite these protocols, we witnessed different peaks and variants of COVID-19 for more than two years. This study investigated some risky behaviors, such as not wearing face masks, violating social distancing, and attendance at crowded places.

We used a checklist containing some demographic, caring behaviors, and survey questions. Data were collected from four universities in Iran. Patients with positive PCR results for COVID-19 were included in the study. The minimum sample size required for this study was estimated to be 407, which were selected from the universities by proportional allocation.

The use of face mask proportion was different between the upper and lower age groups of 50 years (P=0.005). Also, this proportion was different in the subgroups of educational level, job status, income, and living area.

The space of most crowded places was confined and many patients did not use face masks and did not observe social distancing in these places. Hence, social distancing and face mask use can be considered the most important caring behaviors to deal with COVID-19.

Recently published researches show that 59% of all transmission came from asymptomatic transmission and at the time of diagnosis health‑care workers (HCWs) tend to present without respiratory symptoms. These evidences have raised questions on whether an essential policy for use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is the best approach in HCW and other people or not. Therefore, this study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using face masks and PPE in reducing the spread of COVID‑19 in health‑care and non‑health‑care settings. This systematic review and meta‑analysis study was prepared according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‑analysis statement and guided by meta‑analysis of observational studies recommendations. Searches in databases were conducted from December 2019 to July 2021. Random‑effects meta‑analysis was performed to investigate the effect of using face masks and PPE on spread of COVID‑19. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and the I2 metrics. In total, 9920 individuals from 14 studies were included in this study. In all settings, application of PPE or any type of masks was associated with reduction in risk of COVID‑19 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.29, 0.65]; I 2 = 85.21%). In the HCW subgroup, the protective effect had a combined OR of 0.33 (95% CI: (0.15,0.73), I2 = 82.61%). Six studies were found protective effects of wearing mask in non‑HCWs (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: (0.31, 1.06), I2 = 85.63%). Results suggest that there is association between face mask/PPE use and reduction of COVID‑19.

Because of some difficulties during face mask ventilation in unconscious patients, such as upper airway obstruction patients, we conducted this study to compare nasal and face mask ventilation during general anesthesia induction.

In this clinical trial study, 70 patients between 3 and 12 years old undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery with general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. After administration of induction agents, one group was ventilated with the face mask and 100% oxygenation in three minutes and the other with the nasal mask. The mean expiratory volume, airway pressure, end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and hemodynamic factors were recorded and compared in the baseline, two minutes after mask ventilation, and five minutes after intubation.

The mean EtCO2 in the second minute after ventilation was significantly higher in the nasal mask group than in the face mask group (P = 0.04). However, in the fifth minute after intubation, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.31). Other factors related to ventilation did not significantly differ between the two groups.

It can be concluded that nasal mask ventilation is as effective as facial mask ventilation. The nasal mask can replace the face mask if there is difficult face mask ventilation or airway obstruction.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a devastating pandemic scenario in the world. The mortality rate has increased and new socio-economic challenges are emerging. Millions of gloves, gowns, face masks, and face shields are used daily to prevent airborne transmission and facilitate the treatment of COVID-19. Mismanagement of these wastes can lead to increased concerns due to their contamination potential. A comprehensive plan to improve the management of medical wastes in every country requires awareness of the current status of solid waste. As a result, the study aimed to calculate and estimate the consumption rate of face masks and medical waste generation rate during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Also, the performance of different departments of medical waste management and future challenges are discussed.

The daily consumption of face masks and medical waste generation were calculated based on the population data, the percentage of the urban population, face mask acceptance rate, the number of face masks needed per person per day, total COVID-19 confirmed cases, and medical waste generation rate (kg/bed/day).

The consumption of face masks in Iran is estimated at 46576000 pieces per day. Also, the three provinces of Tehran (9,560,000 pieces), Khorasan Razavi (3,825,600 pieces), and Isfahan (3,523,200 pieces) have the highest consumption rate of masks, respectively. Increasing the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has increased the medical waste generation rate. Until April 3, 2021, more than 1,920,394 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed in Iran, and calculations show that the medical waste generation rate in Iran is about 7,585.56 tons per day.

COVID-19 is a highly infectious and problematic disease. The continuous increase in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has increased face mask consumption rate and medical waste generation rate, and as a result, new challenges have emerged in the field of solid waste management. These emerging challenges in managing solid waste during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitate the development of appropriate waste management policies and strategies.

COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus has made dramatic changes in people's individual, family, and social lifestyle. Most countries have implemented some regulations including wearing face masks, face shields, and gloves and physical, and social distance in public places to reduce the spread of the virus. However, these global recommendations may be associated with significant social, communication, and behavioral challenges for hearing-impaired people. This review explains the problems that hearing-impaired people may experience in the COVID-19 outbreak and also some helpful solutions that can be implemented by audiologists, healthcare professionals, and other members of the society that somehow interact with these people in such conditions that communication barriers increase.

Recent findings indicate that wearing face masks, physical, and social distan cing, e-learning and virtual communications during COVID-19 pandemic have provided some problems for people with hearing loss. This can, in turn, have negative consequences including increased feelings of loneliness, isolation and also some limitations in access to educational materials and rehabilitation training of lockdowns of schools and rehabilitation centers or some challenges of online learning at home.

People with hearing loss may experience problems during COVID-19 pandemic. There are some strategies that can be implemented to partially solve some communicative and social problems in this group. The use of transparent face masks, compensatory strategies, as well as optimization of virtual, and telehealth, telerehabilitation and tele-education services can be helpful for hearing-impaired people during this pandemic era.

Dear Editor, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently become a multidimensional crisis (1). In Iran, the first cases of COVID-19 were documented on 19 February 2020 (2). Although there is no definitive treatment for this newly-developed viral infection, there are multiple non pharmaceutical preventive measures for the respiratory infection control (3). Different communities may have different recommendations on the use of face mask use (4). One of the important strategies to slow down the spread of infection is identifying super spreading events (SSEs). What SSEs are in any community depends on multiple factors. Identifying and interrupting these events are crucial in the infection control (5). Today, people use a face mask to avoid the COVID-19 virus. Wearing a face mask is one of the many tips encouraged by the social media every day. However, due to the limitation of resources for proper face masks, many people have resorted to the use of non-standard masks (better called Respiratory Etiquettes), which are often handmade and inefficient (6). They these non-standard masks while walking confidently on the streets and doing their daily social activities while they are unaware that the masks they use will only protect them against dust and not the virus. Not only can these masks not prevent the virus from entering the respiratory system, but also they provide false confidence, exposing people to infected environments and increasing the chance of infection. In other word, the improper use of face mask could increase the risk of infection as much as the use of improper masks.

Face mask ventilation has a distinct place in anesthesiology. One of the difficulties (obstacles, problems) with a mask, is laryngeal airway obstruction caused by the backward displacement of the tongue and soft tissue which is further exacerbated by obesity (body mass index over 25). Considering the fact that ventilation using a nasal mask appears to cause fewer problems especially in obese patients, we decided to compare the quality of ventilation after the induction of general anesthesia using ventilation through an anatomical face mask and anatomical nasal mask in patients with a body mass index (BMI) over 25 in this study.
The study was a clinical trial, conducted on 70 patients between the ages of 18 and 70 years, with a BMI over 25, who were candidates for elective orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia at the Alzahra Hospital operating room. After evaluation of the inclusion criteria, the subjects were selected. Once placed on the operating table, the patients were administered 100% oxygen using a face mask held at proximity to the face for 3 minutes, after which anesthesia induction medication were administered to all patients. Subsequently, the patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the first group, ventilation was undertaken using the standard mask ventilation with 100 % oxygen for 3 minutes. In the second group, ventilation was performed through an anatomical nasal mask. The mean expiratory volume, mean SpO2, mean end tidal CO2 (Et CO2) and mean airway pressure were measured, recorded and compared in both groups.
From the ventilation parameters, maximum airway pressure during the 2nd minute after initiation of mask ventilation was significantly higher in the face mask group compared to the nasal mask group (4.6 1.6 and 12.5 1.7 respectively, p According to the findings in this study, it can be concluded that ventilation with a nasal mask is more efficient than a face mask in patients with a BMI> 25 and is followed by a reduced amount of risk and complications.