جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « farmers » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Kidney damage from paraquat is influenced by several factors, including the duration of work, the span of exposure from the pesticide spraying, and the nutritional status of the farmers. This damage can be indicated by the high levels of paraquat and changes of the biochemical status in the urine. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between the length of work, duration of spraying, and the nutritional status obtained from the measurement of body mass index (BMI) values, with the paraquat levels and biochemical status of the farmer’s urine samples.

This study was a cross‑sectional study and was conducted in September 2022 in North Landasan Ulin Village, Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The length of work and spraying duration were obtained from the direct interviews, while the BMI values were calculated by dividing the body weight(kg) by the body’s height(m). Analysis of the paraquat levels in the urine was measured using a spectrophotometer, while the urine’s biochemical status was obtained using the dipstick colorimetric method. Statistical analysis used: the relationship between each variable is analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test.

Results from the study show that the length of work, duration of spraying, and BMI were moderately associated with an increase in the urinary paraquat levels(correlation coefficient [Rs] 0.26–0.50) (P < 0.05); although the previous factors did not appear to correlate with any changes in the urine’s biochemical status.

In summary, prolonged exposure to the spray in combination with the farmers’ long work hours, and also factoring in the abnormal BMI values, resulted in an increase of paraquat levels in the urine.

Falling is a significant cause of occupational injuries and fatalities among farmers, and falling from trees is one of the most common causes of injury resulting in a high number of visits to health centers. Despite this, there is limited evidence on the factors associated with falling from walnut trees. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to falling from walnut trees from the perspective of farmers and farmworkers. This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 farmers and farmworkers who had experienced falling from walnut trees as recorded in the National Accidents Record Program from September to October 2017 in Tuyserkan county, Iran. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Moreover, data rigor was ensured through participant and external checks. All interviews were recorded and analyzed using content analysis methods. Data analysis led to the extraction of six themes, including psychological factors, physical factors, behavioral and habitual factors, economic factors, factors related to walnut trees, and atmospheric agents, along with 18 subthemes for behavioral, human, and environmental factors. The findings of this study suggest that with appropriate interventions and training, farmers and farmworkers can be guided and assisted so as to prevent the occurrence of falling from walnut trees. In addition to educational interventions, health promotion measures such as providing safety equipment and insurance coverage can be essential in reducing injuries.

According to the estimates of the World Health Organization (WHO), more than three million poisonings with organophosphorus derivatives occur every year, and in the meantime, more than 250 000 deaths will occur in the future. Globally, 30% of suicide cases occur with the use of organophosphorus derivatives. Organophosphorus toxins are widely used due to their stability and low cumulative effects on the ecosystem. Diazinon, as one of the organophosphates, is widely utilized in agriculture and veterinary medicine. This poison is highly toxic to humans and animals. As stated by various studies, stores of unauthorized supply of poisons and lack of proper monitoring of the permissible limit of poisons, as well as the sale of poisons without a prescription, farmers’ ignorance, and indiscriminate planting of crops that are not based on traditional agriculture, can be caused by various factors related to improper use. In addition, the excessive use of pesticides and agricultural poisons can cause short- and long-term effects on health. Enhancing the antioxidant capacity is an effective solution to weaken the toxic effects of diazinon. Garlic and garlic supplements are used in many countries for their blood lipid-lowering, anti-platelet effects, and beneficial blood circulation. Some garlic products seem to have liver-protective, immune-systemenhancing, and anticancer, chemical-preventive, and antioxidant activities. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of garlic oil have been shown in different tissues. In today’s world, an effective solution/ decision-making for such problems based on evidence is recommended by compiling a policy brief. Therefore, to demonstrate evidence-based policy options, taking into account the existing obstacles and opportunities, it seems necessary to use intervention strategies and planning to reduce the consumption of pesticides and increase the level of protection for farmers.

We aimed to study the relationship between the use of pesticides and the health risks faced by Chinese water chestnut farmers in this country.

This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 425 farmers in Sriprachan district, Suphanburi Province, Thailand in 2021. Samples were recruited using the cluster sampling method, and data collection took place through questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts, 76 items, namely personal information of farmers (12 items checklist), the use of pesticides by chemical risk assessment was a 5-point rating scale (40 items), and health risk assessment exposure to pesticides was a 5-point rating scale (24 items). The content validity index for scale (S-CVI) was 0.963 and the reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.904. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, relative risk, and 95% CI.

The overall pesticide use among farmers was at a moderate level (Mean=3.26, SD=0.60). Farmers’ signs and symptoms of exposure were compared to their use of pesticides. The pesticide use increased health risks by 15.57 (95% CI: 12.33 to 18.14). Hazard identification was 10.79 higher (95% CI: 8.19 to 13.40). Dose-response assessment was -16.23 higher (95% CI: -17.63 to -14.82). Exposure assessment was 11.49 higher (95% CI: 9.87 to 13.10) and the risk characteristic was -7.46 (95% CI: -8.49 to -6.44). It was statistically significant at <.001.

Careless and incorrect use of pesticides by Chinese water chestnut farmers can lead to health risks from exposure to toxic substances.

 Due to their jobs, farmers are exposed to a high risk of pesticide and organophosphate exposure, which can lead to chronic diseases. However, such a problem could be overcome by implementing a healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the community-based program on promoting a healthy lifestyle (CP2HL) among farmers in Indonesia.

 A randomized controlled trial was performed among 135 (intervention=68 and control=67) farmers in Indonesia. The CP2HL using transtheoretical model-lead (TTM) lasted for 24 weeks and included education, training, and follow-up sessions for the intervention group. Meanwhile, those in the control group attended a regular program at the local public health center to get their health measured. The modified healthy lifestyle among farmers was measured using six structured questionnaires. The inter- and intra-group differences were evaluated using paired t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess the effect of intervention.  

 There was a significant difference in the modified healthy lifestyle after CP2HL (p<0.05), including in the areas of organophosphate pesticide exposure, farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, nutrition knowledge, musculoskeletal symptoms, upper respiratory infection symptoms, and farmer burnout. During the follow-up period, the intervention group showed a healthier lifestyle than the control group.

 CP2HL can significantly promote a healthy lifestyle among farmers after the intervention.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of unintentional acute poisoning cases is between 3.5 and 5 million cases worldwide. Among these, 3 million cases were severe, leading to the death of 20000 people per year. In addition, 7.4 million years of life had lost every year due to diseases caused by agricultural toxins (1). Based on the previous evidence, the development of unauthorized supply stores and lack of proper monitoring of the permissible limit of poisons, as well as the sale of poisons without a prescription, the ignorance of farmers, the indiscriminate planting of products not resembling traditional agriculture, can be due to various factors related to the improper and indiscriminate use of pests. Pesticides and agricultural poisons have short- and long-term health effects. Globally, it is recommended that a policy brief be compiled for decision-making cases based on evidence. Therefore, to demonstrate evidence-based policy options, taking into account the existing obstacles and opportunities, it seems necessary to use strategies and intervention plans to reduce the consumption of pesticides while increasing the level of protection of farmers.

Job satisfaction is one of the most important issues related to human resources in the organization which can reduce organizational productivity. In this regard, occupational health is an important science related to the health of the workforce in any organization, paying attention to it will help health promotion. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the status of occupational health management and job satisfaction among farmers with a health promotion approach.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted in 2020. The number of 209 farmers from all villages of Zabol was included by census method. Data were collected using a researcher‑made questionnaire that consisting of three sections of demographic information, occupational safety and health status, and standard job satisfaction questionnaire. At first, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated. In addition, 5–10 staff working in Agricultural Jihad Organization were asked about the content, clarity, and simplicity of the questionnaire terms. Content validity index and content validity ratio indexes were calculated as 0.68 and 0.83 for occupational health management and 0.69 and 0.83 for job satisfaction questionnaires, respectively. Instrument reliability was also assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which was 0.872. Finally, after verifying the validity and reliability of the instrument, a questionnaire was used to collect the research data. Shapiro–Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Spearman correlation tests were used to analyze the findings. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. Armonk; NY, USA: IBM Corp.

The results of the study indicate that occupational health management was at a moderate to a high level (3.701) and job satisfaction (3.381) was at a moderate to a high level. The standard regression coefficient between occupational health management and job satisfaction was obtained as 0.571. With a confidence of 95%, it can be stated that occupational health management in Zabol city under the supervision of jihad‑e‑agriculture organization has a significant impact on farmers’ job satisfaction. In addition, the research findings confirmed a positive and significant relationship between occupational health management and job satisfaction of employed farmers and showed that the implementation of occupational safety and health programs in the jihad‑e‑agriculture organization can affect the job satisfaction of farmers.

According to the evaluation of research findings, job satisfaction and occupational health management in the Agricultural Jihad Organization are relatively favorable among farmers in Zabol city. It was argued that there is a relationship between occupational health management and job satisfaction, that the implementation of programs related to occupational safety and health management system such as Health and Safety Executive will promote health.

Farmers are one of the high-risk occupational groups in terms of Work- related MusculoSkeletal Disorders (WMSDs). Many factors such as ddemographic and physical characteristics and lifestyle are effective in incidence of these disorders in farmers. The aim of this study is to investigating the prevalence of WMSDs and related factors among this target group.

Method and Materials:

 The data of this study was extracted from The Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study that was performed on 10,000 people aged 35 to 65 years in Ravansar, Iran. Version 23 of SPSS software was used for data analysis.

The prevalence of back pain in farmers was 31. 3%, back stiffness was 17.7%, joint pain was 37.3%, joint stiffness was 12.3% and spinal disorder was 22% included lordosis (15%) and kyphosis (7.3%). There was a significant relationship between gender, age and all disorders. There was no significant relationship between marital status, sleep status, alcohol consumption, Body Mass Index (BMI), weight and height, and any of the disorders. There was no significant relationship between education level, the type of residence, smoking and drug use, type of home ownership, internet use and some of disorders but there was a significant relationship between these factors and the other disorders. 

Considering the significant prevalence of WMSDs in farmers, it is necessary to perform ergonomic interventions in the form of occupational health training programs, in order to raising farmers’ awareness and skills to prevent the disorders.

Fall is one of the main reasons for serious injuries in workplaces. Protective measures are not frequently used by farmers and farm workers. In Iran, there are no adequate data in recognizing the various effective factors of falls from height in the agricultural sector. Thus, we used the PRECEDE model to recognize causes and factors which can affect the acceptance of the protective measures for the prevention of fall from the walnut tree.

From July until November 2018, a cross‑sectional research was conducted in Tuyserkan County in the west of Iran among 222 farm workers and farmers from 12 villages. A questionnaire was developed to measure demographic features, history of injuries, and constructs recommended in the PRECEDE model. Data were gathered by face‑to‑face interviews.

Predisposing factors (β =0.348, t = 5.116), enabling factors (β =0.131, t = 3.672), and reinforcing factors (β =0.164, t = 2.128) had a positive impact on protective measures, with an explained variance of 35.3%. In this study, the goodness‑of‑fit value was obtained as 0.455, indicating an excellent overall fit of the model to the data.

The results of this research recognized the causes of protective measures among farmers and farm workers. Our findings suggest that the PRECEDE model could help as a guide for developing a more effective intervention for the prevention of fall from the walnut tree.

The pervasiveness of antibiotic residues in animal foods undermines the safety and security of consumers. The consequences on human health through the development of antibiotic resistance is a growing disquiet to veterinary, health practitioners and stallholders. This study evaluates the knowledge of farmers in antibiotic usage and the presence of antibiotic residues in chevon (lamb meat) and beef in Sunyani, Ghana. A total of 150 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, 36 samples comprising 18 beef and 18 chevon samples were analyzed for antibiotic residues using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The majority of the farmers kept only goats (30%), practiced the semi-intensive system (96%), had ever experienced infections on their farm (99.3%) and had ever used antibiotics (100%). The farmers used antibiotics mainly for therapeutic purposes (68%), encountered more diarrhea cases (65.3%), and used mostly tetracycline (56.7%) to treat their animals because of its effectiveness (84%). Most of the farmers confirmed they do not have in-depth knowledge of antibiotics (56%), received information about antibiotics mainly from veterinary officers (56%) and bought their antibiotics from veterinary shops/clinics (62.7%). The majority do not observe withdrawal periods (53.3%), were unaware misuse of antibiotics can promote pathogen resistance (76.5%), but knew consumption of antibiotic residues in meat will be harmful to humans (60%). The examination of the beef and chevon samples revealed the presence of amoxicillin, chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and tylosine at varying concentrations. Chloramphenicol and metronidazole were not detected in the meat samples. This study revealed that the farmers had limited knowledge in antibiotic usage and some antibiotic residues were present in chevon and beef sold in Sunyani, Ghana.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is an acute febrile disease. It is one of the most common diseases among humans and animals.

Due to the presence of the disease in Iran, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of farmers about Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF).

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 300 farmers in north and south villages of Khorramabad city selected using stratified sampling. The instrument used in the study was a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of people in contact with the livestock. After completing the questionnaire, the data were analyzed by SPSS using nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney-U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient).

The mean age of the participants was 38.94 ± 14.28 years. The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participants regarding CCHF were 18.46 ± 5.05, 40.7 ± 2.18, and 6.42 ± 3.40, respectively. There was a significant relationship between knowledge (P < 0.001), attitude (P < 0.001), and practice (P < 0.001) scores and the education level and marital status (P < 0.001). The results showed a significant inverse correlation between age and attitude (P < 0.001. r = -0.33), knowledge (P < 0.001. r = -0.42), and practice (P < 0.001. r = -0.39). There was a significant positive relationship between practice and knowledge (P = 0.001. r = -0.39) and attitude (P < 0.001. r = -0.39).

Due to the insufficient performance of farmers concerning disease prevention and health protection behaviors. implementation of an educational program to increase the level of knowledge could promote their prevention behavior CrimeanCongo Hemorrhagic Fever.

Organophosphate compounds (OPCs) are suspected to make changes in reproductive function by oxidant/antioxidant balance disruption in the brain, consequently impairing hypothalamic, pituitary endocrine functions, and gonadal processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occupational exposure to OPCs on the reproductive system of farm workers, in Hamadan, Iran.

A comparative study was conducted in rural farmers and urban men aged 20–40 years. After sampling and analysis of semen quality parameters (such as sperm count, sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, and sperm morphology), serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity (a specific biomarker in OPCs exposure), as well as total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation levels for both semen and serum samples were determined. In addition, serum samples were analyzed for reproductive hormones, including follicle‑stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone.

Our findings showed that the number of sperms (P = 0.04), their motility (P < 0.001), and progressive status (P < 0.001) in rural farmers were significantly lower than the urban population. In addition, a significant decrease was observed in BChE activity (P < 0.001) and LH level (P < 0.001), and also a remarkable increase was found in testosterone level (P = 0.0014) in the serum of rural farmers compared to the urban population. Along with a decrease in semen total antioxidant capacity, a positive significant correlation was found between sperm motility and semen antioxidant capacity (r = 0.45; P < 0.05).

Exposure to OPCs may affect reproductive outcomes through impairing hypothalamic and/or pituitary endocrine dysfunctions and gonadal processes in farmers.

Respiratory disorders are common problems in farmers which have a high mortality rate in Yazd city. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare respiratory parameters as well as the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in three age groups in farmers and non-farmers.

This case-control study was conducted on 300 farmers and 300 non-farmers in Yazd. Questionnaires including cognitive knowledge and symptoms of respiratory diseases were completed for all participants and lung function tests were also performed. Data were analyzed using T-student, Chi square test or Fisher's exact test.

Spirometric results showed a significant reduction in respiratory capacity in the farmer group compared to non-farmer. In all three age groups, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in farmers were higher than non-farmer groups and as the age increased, the prevalence of symptoms also increased. In the age group over 55, the risk of cough, phlegm, dyspnea and wheezing were 17,10/ 78,3/58 and 6/61 times more than non-farmers respectively which were statistically significant at 95% confidence interval P value < (0.05). Among the symptoms of respiratory, cough had the highest and shortness of breath had the lowest prevalence.
Discussion and

Regarding the prevention of high prevalence of respiratory disorders in farmers, the mechanization of agricultural practices, the promotion of health awareness of farmers by health professionals, appropriate implementation of training programs by the health department and assistance of Jihad-e-Agriculture are necessary

To eliminate the pests of their crops and gardens, farmers use pesticides, where the unsafe use and lack of knowledge of using them inflict irreparable physical harms to them and those around them. Therefore, this study was done to find out which behaviors are the determinants of the safe use of pesticides among pistachio farmers in Ardakan city based on the Health Belief Model. This cross-sectional study, with a descriptive correlational approach, was conducted in 2014 on 301 farmers selected via proportionate stratified random sampling using a researcher-made questionnaire in Ardakan city. The questionnaire consisted of demographic variables and HBM constructs, such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action, and safety behaviors. The mean score of knowledge was 25.64 ± 7.45 out of 38, and the subjects received 60% of the score. In addition, the mean score of perceived susceptibility was 32.72 ± 7.79 out of 55, the mean score of perceived severity was 33.53 ± 8.44 out of 55, the mean score of perceived benefits was 25.99 ± 5.59 out of 30, and the mean score of perceived barriers was 17.99 ± 4.5 out of 30. Other results are presented in the section ‘results’ of the article. Given the mean scores obtained, there is a need for developing a training program based on the results to reduce damage caused by pesticides, with safe measures to be adopted.

The unsafe use of chemical pesticides, along with the lack of appropriate preventive protocols and equipment may damage the health of users. To determine the knowledge and practice of the safe use of chemical pesticides by farm workers in northern Iran. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 farmers in Mazandaran province, in 2017. The data collection instrument was a two-part questionnaire: The first part was concentrated on demographic and agricultural characteristics of the participants; the second part dealt with the farmers' knowledge and practice of the safe use of pesticides. The mean knowledge and practice scores (out of 100) of the participating farmers in the safe use of pesticides were 84.8 (SD 13.5) and 50.8 (13.2), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.466, p<0.001) between their knowledge and practice. Wearing protective clothes, while applying pesticides, was among safe practices. Although more than 60% of farmers had a sufficient level of knowledge of the safe use of pesticides, they did not implement their knowledge in practice. There was a significant (p<0.001) association between the education level and knowledge of the safe use of pesticides. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and practices of the safe use of pesticides among farmers in northern Iran. There was a clear know-do gap—although the majority of the participants possessed a sufficient level of knowledge of the safe use of pesticides, they did not implement it in practice.

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers and excessive Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the most important environmental risk factor for this cancer. Protective behaviors against sunlight are the most important measures in preventing the disease. The present study aimed to determine the effect of educational program based on the protection motivation theory on preventive behaviors of skin cancer among the farmers in Kashan city. This interventional study was conducted on 120 rural farmers in Kashan in 2018. The participants were selected via simple random sampling and divided into 2 groups such as intervention (n = 60) and control (n = 60). Both of 2 groups completed a questionnaire, which was consisted of items developed based on the protection motivation theory, in before and 2 months after the intervention. Participants in the intervention group were trained through lectures, questions and answers, posters, pamphlets, and booklets. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using independent t-test, chi-square test, and covariance analysis. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean scores of all the variables (P > 0.05) before the training intervention and after implementing the educational program, a significant difference was observed in all the constructs of the protection motivation theory in the intervention group, as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The results of this study confirmed the effectiveness of intervention based on the protection motivation theory in changing perceptions and behaviors related to skin cancer prevention; thus, this theory can be considered as a basis for the educational program.