جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "freund's adjuvant" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

 N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors that are expressed by T-cells modulate T-cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and cell migration toward chemokines. Several studies have shown an anti-inflammatory effect of NMDA receptor antagonists. This study compares the effect of the noncompetitive low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist N-(2-adamantyl)-hexamethyleneimine hydrochloride (hemantane) in a topical formulation (gel) with the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor diclofenac in a topical formulation (gel) in rats with arthritis induced by Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA).

 On day 14 after an FCA injection into the left hind paw, rats with contralateral hind paw edema were selected for further investigation (29/65). They were treated with 5% hemantane gel or 1% diclofenac gel applied locally to hind paws daily for 2 weeks starting 14 days after the FCA injection. Rats with arthritis were examined hind paw edema, hyperalgesia, and motor deficits; their body weight and hematological parameters were recorded. The rats were euthanized on day 28, followed by histological examination of the ankle joint (HE stain).

 Rats with arthritis exhibited hind paw inflammation and hyperalgesia, motor deficits, changes of hematological parameters, reduced weight gain and spleen hypertrophy. Histological examination of the ankle joint revealed degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the cartilaginous tissue, proliferative inflammation of the synovium, edema and lymphocytic/macrophage infiltration of periarticular tissues. Hemantane gel reduced hind paw edema, pain, motor deficits and histological signs of inflammation; its effect was comparable to diclofenac gel.

 Hemantane gel alleviates FCA-induced arthritis in rats, and its effect is comparable to diclofenac gel.

Cancer immunotherapy combined with other common treatments can be an effective way to overcome cancerous cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Freund Adjuvant on breast cancer in the BALB/c model of mice.

Twenty female inbred 6–7-week-old- BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups of Test and Control, each containing 10 mice. Breast cancer was induced by injecting106 4T1 cells into the right flank region of mice. After the tumors were palpable; animals were immunized three times by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of Freund adjuvant in the test group and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in the control group at same condition. During the study; tumor growth, body weight, and survival percentages in mice were measured by using the caliper method, and mortalities were recorded. Results were tabulated using Excel, and Graphpad Prism Version 8. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and T-test and the significance level for statistical tests was considered p≤0.05.

The results showed that tumor mice given Freund Adjuvant had a significant reduction in tumor size compared to the control group (P=0.01) and no significant weight difference was observed between the two groups (P=0.4). Furthermore, Kaplan Meier showed that the survival of the mice in the Freund Adjuvant group was significantly increased compared to the control group (P=0.009).

This study showed that Freund Adjuvant may play an important role in improving the function of the immune system for cancer immunotherapy.

Currently available disease modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs have limitations like dose-dependent toxicity and tolerance.Dimethyl fumarate has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in various animal models. Thus, thepresent study aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanism of DMF in a murine model of adjuvant-induced arthritis.A total of 84 rats were divided into early treatment groups (n=48) and late treatment groups (n=36). There were 8 subgroupsand 6 subgroups (n=6 in each group) in the early and late treatment groups, respectively. Experimental rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was induced in Wistar rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intradermally at the base of the tail. Antirheumatic effects were evaluated by arthritis and histopathological scoring of ankle joints. To evaluate anti-oxidant properties,GSH, catalase, SOD, and lipid peroxidation were measured. ESR, WBC count, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were measured to evaluatethe immunomodulatory properties of DMF. DMF demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing arthritis andhistopathological scores compared to the CFA control group, though the difference was not statistically significant. DMFexhibited immunomodulatory properties as decreases in TLC count, serum TNF-α, and plasma IL-6 levels were observed. In allthe above-mentioned parameters, the best response was achieved with the early combination therapy of DMF 30 mg/kg andmethotrexate [Mtx] 0.1 mg/kg. In the present study, DMF demonstrated antirheumatoid effects in a rat model of CFA-inducedarthritis. The best antirheumatoid effect was achieved with the early combination of DMF and Mtx.

Outer membrane protein D (PD) is a highly conserved and stable protein in the outer membrane of both encapsulated (typeable) and non-capsulated (non-typeable) strains of Haemophilus influenzae. As an immunogen, PD is a potential candidate vaccine against non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) strains.
The aim of this study was to determine the cytokine pattern and the opsonic antibody response in a BALB/c mouse model versus PD from NTHi as a vaccine candidate.
Protein D was formulated with Freund’s and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) adjuvants and injected into experimental mice. Sera from all groups were collected. The bioactivity of the anti-PD antibody was determined by opsonophagocytic killing test. To evaluate the cytokine responses, the spleens were assembled, suspension of splenocytes was recalled with antigen, and culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ cytokines.
Anti-PD antibodies promoted phagocytosis of NTHi in both immunized mice groups (those administered PD Freund’s and those administered PD OMV adjuvants, 92.8% and 83.5%, respectively, compared to the control group). In addition, the concentrations of three cytokines were increased markedly in immunized mice.
We conclude that immunization with PD protects mice against NTHi. It is associated with improvements in both cellular and humoral immune responses and opsonic antibody activity.