جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « frozen embryo transfer » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Frozen embryo transfer (FET) has become a widely used technique in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. Various protocols have been developed to optimize outcomes, including hormone replacement therapy followed by frozen embryo transfer (HRT FET) cycles and non-stimulated FET (NC-FET) protocols. Additionally, the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) in combination with FET has been explored. However, comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of these protocols on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates are limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of addition of GnRH-a during luteal support in FET different on clinical pregnancy and live birth.

A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 3,515 data from patients undergoing FET cycles at the reproductive center of the Hospital of Zhengzhou University between February 2018 and December 2,021. Patients were divided into two groups based on the FET protocol utilized: GnRH-a (Triptorelin +existing treatment) group (1,033 patients) and non-GnRH-a group (existing treatment without Triptorelin) (2,458 patients) group. Clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates were compared between these groups using appropriate statistical analyses.

The study revealed significantly enhanced clinical pregnancy rates (58.0% vs. 48.4%; p=0.003) and live birth rates (52.7% vs. 45.6%; p=0.001) specifically for HRT-FET cycles compared to controls. However, no significant differences were observed between NC-FET groups. Similarly, no statistical difference emerged when comparing GnRH-a plus HRT-FET or stimulation-FET cycles to their respective controls regarding both clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates. Notably, within the GnRH-a group, a 47% increase in clinical pregnancy rates and a 33% rise in live birth rates were noted.

Our findings suggest that HRT-FET cycles may be associated with improved clinical pregnancy and live birth rates compared to standard FET protocols. However, further studies are warranted to validate these results and explore the mechanisms underlying the observed differences in outcomes among different FET protocols. Additionally, the potential benefits of GnRH-a use in FET cycles warrant further investigation.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as implantation and development of an embryo outside of the uterinetissue. Women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), particularly frozen embryo transfer (FET), arein high-risk populations for EP. Mucin1 (MUC1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), and Heparin-binding epidermalgrowth factor (HBEGF) genes are involved in the endometrial receptivity pathway, leading to normal eutopic implantation;Although, their relevance in the tubal pregnancy after FET is unknown. We aimed evaluation of Mucin1, FGF2,and HBEGF expression fold as endometrial receptive markers in the EP patients following the FET cycle. A case-control study was conducted on ten patients (five EP patients and five women in thepseudo-pregnancy group, as the control samples). Pseudo-pregnancy group was established in women who were candidatesfor hysterectomy for benign diseases. Fallopian tube biopsies and corresponding endometrial tissues from thesepatients were taken during the hysterectomy. However, the fallopian tube and endometrial tissues of EP patients wereobtained during salpingectomy. The mRNA expressions of MUC1, FGF2, and HBEGF genes in the fallopian tube andendometrial tissues were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. MUC1 mRNA expression level in the endometrium of the case group was higher than in the control group(P=0.04); however, its mRNA expression in the fallopian samples of the case group in comparison with the control groupwas significantly decreased (P=0.001). The HBEGF mRNA expression level was not significantly different between thecase and control endometrium, whereas its expression was significantly increased in the case fallopian samples comparedwith the control ones (P=0.001). The same pattern was observed for FGF2 mRNA expression level in the fallopian samplesof the case group but was significantly reduced in the endometrial samples in comparison with the control samples (P=0.03). MUC1, FGF2, and HBEGF gene mRNA expression changes may explain the embryo rejection from theuterus and the establishment of a receptive phenotype in fallopian cells.

Embryo quality may affect birth weight among neonates born through assisted reproductive technology. There are very limited studies assessing the adverse effect of transferring a poor-quality embryo with a good-quality one on neonatal outcomes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of double embryo transfer (DET) with one good-quality embryo (GQE) plus a poor-quality one on the birth weight of newborns conceived by in vitro fertilization in both fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.

This study was conducted at Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Yazd, Iran. A total of 626 women were classified into three groups according to the embryo quality: single embryo transfer with a GQE (group A); DET using two GQEs (group B); and DET using one good-quality and one poor-quality embryo (group C). The primary outcome was singleton birth weight which was compared between the three groups among fresh and frozen-embryo transfer cycles. A comparative analysis was also performed regarding the effect of vitrification procedures on neonatal birth weight within each of the three embryo quality-based groups.

The mean birth weight and the rate of preterm birth were similar between the three groups (p = 0.45, and 0.32 respectively). There were also no significant differences found in the vitrification comparative analysis between and within the groups with regard to birth weight.

Our results showed that a poor-quality embryo did not have a significant influence on a good-quality one regarding neonatal birth weight when transferred together.

Studies have suggested that embryo-endometrial developmental asynchrony caused by slow-growing embryos can be corrected by freezing the embryo and transferring it back in a subsequent cycle. Therefore, we hypothesized that live birth rates (LBR) would be higher in frozen embryo transfer (FET) compared with fresh embryo transfers.

To compare LBR between fresh and FET cycles.

A cross-sectional analysis of 10,744 single autologous embryo transfer cycles that used a single cleavage stage embryo was performed. Multivariate analysis was performed to compare LBR between FET and fresh cycles, after correcting for various confounding factors. Sub-analysis was also performed in cycles using slow embryos.

Both LBR (19.13% vs 14.13%) and clinical pregnancy (22.48% vs 16.25%) rates (CPR) were higher in the fresh cycle group (p < 0.00). Multivariate analysis for confounding factors also confirmed that women receiving a frozen-thawed embryo had a significantly lower LBR rate compared to those receiving a fresh embryo (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.86, p < 0.00). In the sub-analysis of 1,154 cycles using slow embryos, there was no statistical difference in LBR (6.40% vs 6.26%, p = 0.92) or CPR (8.10% vs 7.22%, p = 0.58) between the two groups.

This study shows a lower LBR in FET cycles when compared to fresh cycles. Our results suggest that any potential gains in LBR due to improved embryo-endometrial synchrony following FET are lost, presumably due to freeze-thaw process-related embryo damage.

Frozen embryo transfer (FET) is one of the most important supplementary procedures in the treatment of infertile couples. While general information concerning the outcome of fresh embryo transfer has been documented, paucity of investigations has addressed the clinical factors influenced on pregnancy rates in FET.

In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of clinical factors that potentially influence the outcome of FET.

We reviewed the data from 372 women who were subjected to FET registered from April 2009-2011 at the Research and clinical center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Baseline data and pregnancy rate were collected. The data were analyzed statistically using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Mann-Whitney tests.

The clinical pregnancy rate was 57.7 and 29.2% in women <35 years old, and women >35 years old, respectively (p<0.0001). Clinical pregnancy rates in women with FSH <10 IU/ml, and FSH >10 IU/ml were 56.3% and 17.5 %, respectively (p<0.0001). Whereas the other clinical parameters consist of reason of fetus freezing, primary IVF protocol, IVF procedure, endometrial thickness, treatment duration to fetal transfer found to be unrelated to FET outcomes (p>0.05).

Female age and basal FSH level are the most important factors influencing the clinical pregnancy rate following FET.