جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "game theory" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Game theory describes the interactions between two players and the pay-off from winning, losing, or compromising. In the present study, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)–host interactions were used as an example for the application of game theory to describe and predict the different outcomes of Mtb-infection and introducing target molecules for use in protection or therapy. The gene expression for eight main markers (CCR1, CCR2, IDO, Tbet, TGFβ, iNOS, MMP3, MMP9) of host response and three Mtb virulence factors (Ag85B, CFP-10, ESAT-6) were assessed in broncho-alveolar lavage of TB+ and TB- patients. The players’ strategies in the “Nash equilibrium”, showed that Ag85B is the main virulence factor for Mtb in active phase, and also the most immunogenic factor, if the host can respond by high expression of T-bet and iNOS toward a Th1 response. In this situation, Mtb can express high levels of ESAT-6 and CFP10 and change the game to the latency, in which host responses by medium expression of T-bet and iNOS and medium level of TGF-β and IDO. Consistently, the IDO expression was 134-times higher in TB+s than the TB-s,and the T-bet expression,~200-times higher in the TB-s than the TB+s. Furthermore, Mtb-Ag85B had a strong positive association with CCR2, T-bet and iNOS, but had a negative correlation with IDO. Ag85B and maybe ESAT6 (without its suppressive C-terminal) should be considered for making subunit vaccines. And, preventing IDO formation in dendritic cells might be a novel target for immunotherapy of tuberculosis, to reduce the pressure of immune-suppression on Th1 responses.

Health monitoring and control of food preparation, supply and distribution centers are the responsibility of environmental health officers. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explain the interaction between environmental health officers and providers of food preparation based on the game theory model.
This research is a descriptive-analytical study in which after the determination of effective factors on the interaction between officers and directors, the so-called 22 games were designed and for each game four behavioral strategies determined and strategies identified as a two-choice I agree, I disagree questionnaire provided to environmental health officers and directors of food preparation, centers to select their desired strategy.. In the quantitative phase, SPSS 22 was used to analyze the data collected by questionnaires in order to determine the percentage of response frequency to each question. Gambit software was used to analyze for determination Nash equilibrium of any Games.
In the present study, the factors affecting the interaction between environmental health officers and directors were categorized to 24 subcategories assigned to six categories, and in the quantitative phase, finally, 22 dominant behavior strategies were identified and the final benefit percentage of each actor was determined.
Investigating selected strategies by directors suggests that there is a good fit between the rules and health behaviors among the directors. The emphasis on health inspection based on education and counseling and lack of acceptance of the activities of health self-reported companies by the directors and officers are the most important outcomes of this study.

In order to achieve the highest level of effective interaction between the insurance organizations and the health system, efforts should be made to identify existing communication challenges for policymakers and decision makers. The present study was conducted to identify interactive behaviors aimed at designing an insurance mechanism based on game theory to cover the existing gaps. This study consisted of two phases of qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, data were collected and classified by a semi-structured interview with a number of insurance professionals in insurance organizations and the health system. In the quantitative phase of the study, interactive behaviors between the two organizations were studied. Finally, with the help of Gambit software, the insurance mechanism was designed. In the qualitative phase, the data were collected in three main categories: behavioral and communicative, structural and financial and deductibles and 11 sub-categories. In the quantitative phase, 35 optimal interactive behavioral strategies were delineated. The best behavioral strategy for interaction between insurance organizations and health system, to fill gaps in insurance system and to improve the interaction between the two organizations, was introduced in the form of 35 strategies to provide an insurance mechanism.

The rate of caesarean section (C-section) in Iran is too high, so having a plan to control it is crucial. Since one of the most important reasons for inclination of providers to do C-section is financial issues, the purpose of this study was offering financial solutions for increasing normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and decreasing non-indicated C-section. This analytical-descriptive research, used game theory for offering financial mechanisms. The game was a dynamic one in which the backward induction was used to obtain a Nash equilibrium. Financial structure and the mean number of NVD and C-section in a certain period of time in comparison with standards were as the main influential factors on financial dimensions and were included in the model. The effect of financial structure was shown through a specified insurance for childbirth, existence of a monitoring department and tariffs. The main solution for controlling C-section in designed game was taxes and fines for physician or hospital in non- indicated cases and giving reward otherwise.