جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "gamma-aminobutyric acid" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

This study aimed to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, from Lactobacillus brevis IBRC 10818 using microbial biosynthesis and ultrasonic shock. Microbial biosynthesis is one of the best production methods compared to chemical synthesis. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and model the GABA production under the influence of four shock factors: ultrasonic intensity, ultrasonic time, incubation period, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) concentration. The shock was applied during the lag phase. The optimal conditions for maximum GABA production were predicted to be 2.98 % MSG, 70.8 h incubation time, 6.30 min shock time, and 33 kHz frequency. Under these conditions, the GABA production was 266.19 mg/L, which was close to the predicted value of 212.2 mg/L. The model prediction was suitable with a high coefficient of determination (R2=0.96).

Along with industrial development and the increasing social complexity of societies, anxiety is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders. Medicinal plants are considered as an enrichment source of ingredients with biological activity. 

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of Anethum Graveolens seed (AGS) and the possible involvement of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-ergic system in the AGS effect.

In the present experimental study, 64 female Wistar rats were divided into eight groups and received various concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of AGS. To measure the level of anxiety, an elevated plus maze was used in a way that the animal’s head turned to an open arm. Prior to the injections of AGS extract, the GABA receptor antagonist was used. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using IBM SPSS v. 16.

Dose-response experiments showed that the AGS extract significantly decreased the anxiety indices compared to the control group (P<0.05). To analyze locomotor activity, our data showed that AGS extract at 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg could significantly increase locomotor activity compared to the control group (P<0.001). Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ (+extract significantly decreased the anxiolytic effect of AGS extract (P<0.01). 

Considering the anti-anxiety effects of AGS extract and a reduction in this effect caused by PTZ, part of the anti-anxiety effect of extract might be assumed via its interaction with GABA-ergic receptors. Further experimental trials; however, are required for the establishment of the anti-anxiety impact of AGS.

Boswellia serrata has been known for many decades and mentioned in the ancient Ayurvedic texts. Many previous studies have demonstrated its role in depression and anxiety in animal models.

The present study is carried out to evaluate the effect of Boswellia serrata on neurotransmitter levels of Swiss albino mice by spectrophotometer.

Eighteen (n=18) Swiss albino male mice were procured for this study. All mice were divided into three groups of six mice in each. The first group of mice (control) received normal saline (10 mg/kg); the second group (standard) received imipramine (10 mg/kg), and the third group (test) received Boswellia serrata (100 mg/kg) orally for 21 days. On the 22nd day, all mice were sacrificed as per CPCSEA (Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals) guidelines. The mice brains were dissected, and their brain tissue was collected and stored in a preservative. The mice brain tissue was centrifuged, and samples were used for the estimation of serotonin (5-HT), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), dopamine, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), and glutamate levels by spectrophotometry. 

The levels of neurotransmitters are expressed in Mean±SE. Analysis of results was done by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey Kramer tests. The statistical tests revealed that imipramine-treated mice have significantly increased the levels of AChE, GABA, and glutamate when compared to control (P<0.05). However, imipramine treated group showed statistically significant lower levels of 5-HT and dopamine levels when compared to the control (P<0.05). Similarly, the test drug Boswellia serrata-treated group had significantly higher levels of 5-HT, AChE, GABA, and glutamate when compared to the control group (P<0.05) and lower levels of dopamine when compared to the control (P<0.05).

The present study establishes the role of Boswellia serrata in various psychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety in animal models by modulating multiple neurotransmitters in the brain.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid produced by lactic acid bacteria. Among GABA-producing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria have received more attention due to their probiotic nature and properties such as inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, strengthening the immune system, and so on.

Investigation on the effect of three independent variables including pH (4.7, 4.9 and 5.1), glutamic acid (1, 2 and 3 mgg-1) and salt (2, 2.5 and 3%) on GABA production in low fat cheese by probiotic bacteria.

By increasing the amount of glutamic acid and decreasing the pH from 5.1 to 4.7, the amount of GABA production in ultra-filtration cheese significantly increased on the 15th and 30th days of production (p≤0.05), while by increasing the amount of salt the production GABA decreased on the 15th and 30th days. Simultaneous optimal conditions to achieve maximum GABA production in cheese on the 15th and 30th production day was respectively 167.7917 mg/kg-1 and 220.125 mg/kg-1 using 3 mg/g glutamic acid, 2% salt at pH 4.7.

The results showed that by identifying probiotic bacteria with the highest potential for GABA production and optimizing the culture medium, more GABA can be produced in food products and a positive step can be taken to produce pragmatic products and promote consumer health.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein four-carbon amino acid that has many physiological properties, including reducing blood pressure, accelerating protein synthesis in the brain, and treatment of insomnia and depression. This amino acid is produced by a number of lactic acid bacteria, fungi and yeasts. The objective of the present study was to identify probiotic bacteria with the maximum ability to generate GABA and optimize the bacterial culture conditions having the highest potential for GABA production.

The potential of GABA production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis in the culture medium of MRS broth was assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In order to increase the rate of GABA produced by the bacteria having the highest potential for GABA production, the conditions of the culture medium including pH (3.5 to 6.5) "temperature (25 to 45°C), time (12 to 96 h) and glutamic acid (GA) concentration (25 to 650 mmol) were optimized by the Box-Behnken’s Response Surface Method (RSM).

Lactobacillus brevis had the highest potential of GABA production (5960.8 mg/l). The effect of time and GA concentration was significant on the amount of GABA production. The best conditions of culture medium to achieve the highest amount of GABA production by Lactobacillus brevis (19960 mg/l) were temperature 34.09°C, pH 4.65, GA concentration 650 mmol and time 96 h.

The results showed that by optimization of the culture medium conditions of probiotic bacteria we can produce more GABA in culture medium.

Neuropathic pain due to damage to the peripheral nerve has influenced millions of people living all over the world. It has been shown that paroxetine can relieve neuropathic pain. Recently, the role of some proteins like BDNF, GABAA receptor, and KCC2 transporter in the occurrence of neuropathic pain has been documented. In the current study, the expression of these proteins affected by paroxetine was evaluated.

Male Wistar rats were allocated into two main groups ofpre- and post-injury. Rats in each main group received paroxetine before nerve injury and at day seven after nerve damage till day 14, respectively. The lumbar spinal cord of animals was extracted to assess the expression of target genes and proteins.

In the preventive study, paroxetine decreased BDNF and increased KCC2 and GABAA gene and protein expression, while in the post-injury paradigm, it decreased BDNF and increased KCC2 genes and protein expression. In this regard, an increase in the protein expression of GABAA was observed.

It seems that paroxetine with a change in the expression of three significant proteins involved in neuropathic pain could attenuate this type of chronic pain.

Diabetes mellitus can change the risk of developing cancer. Cisplatin (CP) is a common antineoplastic drug. The major side effect of CP is nephrotoxicity. Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) is an antioxidant agent that may have a protective role against CP-induced nephrotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of GABA in CP-induced nephrotoxicity in hyperglycemic male and female rats.

Sixty male and female Wistar diabetic rats were used in ten experimental groups. GABA alone groups received GABA (50 μmol/kg/d i.p.) for 12 days. CP alone groups received CP (2.5 mg/kg/d i.p.) for 6 days. Other groups received GABA in the form of therapy (T) + CP, prophylaxis (P) + CP, and prophylaxis-treatment (PT) + CP. Finally, blood samples were obtained, and animals were killed for kidney tissue investigation.

In female rats, the serum levels of creatinine (Cr) did not change by GABA rather than CP and also there were no signifi cant changes in blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr). In male rats, plasma Cr level increased by GABA (P) and (T). Body weight loss was signifi cantly different among groups (P < 0.05). BUN/Cr ratio signifi cantly increased in CP and GABA (PT) + CP groups. In two genders, plasma Cr level signifi cantly decreased in CP groups (P < 0.05). The kidney levels of malondialdehyde enhanced signifi cantly in CP groups.

Hyperglycemia has protective effect against CP-induced nephrotoxicity. GABA did not change this effect in female, but in male in the form of PT, GABA maintained it.