جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « germination » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Bambara nut, an underutilized legume is rich in protein and can improve the nutritional quality of snacks. This study evaluates the nutritional and sensory properties of muffins produced from germinated maize and Bambara groundnut flours.

Maize and Bambara groundnut seeds were germinated (72 hours), oven-dried and milled. The composite flours from the germinated flours were combined with soya oil, tiger-nut milk, date and carrot powder to produce four samples of muffins. The samples were chemically analyzed for proximate, mineral, beta-carotene, and anti-nutrient contents. Then, sensory evaluation was carried out among 20 mothers (20-30) using a 5 hedonic scale. ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test were also used to analyze the data.

Protein, fiber and carbohydrate contents of the muffins ranged from 7.63-9.23%, 0.05-0.08% and 70.63-71.55%, respectively. It was found that germination significantly increased protein and iron content of muffins but reduced zinc, calcium, and beta-carotene contents (P<0.001). The muffins contributed above 22% of the RDA regarding energy for children. Muffins produced from the blends provided higher level of protein, calcium, iron and beta-carotene compared to those made from whole wheat flour. There was a significant reduction in anti-nutrient contents of the muffins and germinated flours. The muffin produced from the 80% maize and 20% Bambara nut flour was rated best in terms of nutritional value, taste, and texture.

Bambara nut flours could be used to produce nutritious snacks which would contribute to daily energy and protein needs of children

Soil salinity is an escalating problem that significantly reduces crop yield, particularly in regions with intensive agriculture or poor irrigation practices. This study aimed to assess the impact of salinity on the germination and early growth parameters of four tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars: 'Sakata', 'US Agriseed', 'Rossen B.V.', and 'Supermarmance'.

The experiment was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions with a randomized complete block design. Seeds were exposed to five salinity treatments (0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ds m 1), and growth parameters including germination rate, seedling length, leaf number, and wet and dry weights were measured over a two week period. The results demonstrated that increasing salinity levels had a significant inhibitory effect on all measured growth parameters across all cultivars. Germination rates and seedling vigor decreased with increasing salinity, and a complete inhibition of growth was observed at the highest salinity levels (EC 8 and EC 10). However, variability among cultivars indicated differential salinity tolerance, with 'US Agriseed' displaying relatively better performance under saline conditions. The study provides clear evidence that salinity levels as low as 4 dS m 1 can adversely affect the germination and seedling growth of tomato plants. The findings highlight the critical need for developing salinity management strategies and breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance in tomatoes, which could significantly mitigate the impact of salinity stress on crop productivity.

In constructing a liquid enhancer, 300 mM NaCl was primed for 72 hours on sterile MTi2 seeds., after that, deionized water was used as a control, and SA alone (salicylic acid) (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 mM) and only KCl (Potassium chloride) (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mM) were applied. As previously stated, germination parameters were computed. After that, the appropriate ratio of KCl to SA was combined, and its efficacy as a germination activator on the Salt-stressed MTi2 seeds was examined. The data analysis software used was SPSS Windows version 22. To find the significant difference between treatments, data are first subjected to a two-way ANOVA with p≤0.05 confidence level. For purpose of comparing means, DMRT is next applied at a p≤0.05. According to the results, the best concentrations for boosting the germination and early growth of MTi2 seedlings in comparison to the control treatment were found to be 20–30 mM KCl and 0.5–0.75 mM SA. Furthermore, MTi2 seedling germination and early growth were more than 1x higher when the best concentrations of KCl (20-30 mM) and SA (0.5-0.75 mM) were combined. Salicylic acid (SA) and low levels of KCl applied to salt-stressed MTi2 seeds can help reduce the negative effects of salinity stress and enhance the percentage, rate, vigour, length, and biomass of the seedlings that germinate. Conclusion, Salt-stressed MTi2 seeds can benefit from an enhancer that increases germKeywordsination at low concentrations of KCl and SA.

Leachate, a highly contaminated liquid, is produced by separating wastes and introducing moisture into the waste layers. Biological toxicity evaluation is a method that may be used to analyze the toxicity of leachate to organisms and plants. Sorghum bicolor was employed in this study to evaluate the acute toxicity of raw leachate and landfill leachate.

Leachate was collected from different locations within the refuse that was collected and mixed in a sampling container. The physiochemical characteristics of the leachate were analyzed in both raw leachate and landfill leachate. Germination rate, root weight, and root length were measured 24, 48, and 72 hours after planting for leachate dilutions of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively.

Raw leachate had greater concentrations of metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate, as well as a more acidic pH (< 6), as compared to landfill leachate. The results showed that landfill leachate had a lower potential for toxicity than raw leachate, with seed-germination rates of 0.1 and 0 in the presence of 75% landfill leachate after 48 and 72 hours, respectively, as opposed to 0.3 and 0.1 in the presence of raw leachate.

The findings show that raw leachate can include higher concentrations of metals and organic compounds, which can be one of the causes of Sorghum seed phytotoxicity. Waste leachate management is one of the most important pillars of environmental protection, and it should be taken into consideration by the right authorities.

Plant foods contain almost all of the essential mineral and organic nutrients for human, as well as several unique organic phytochemicals that have been linked to the promotion of good health. This study investigated the influence of traditional food processing systems on the food safety, chemical compositions, and functional properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L) seed flour.

Fresh mature pumpkin fruits were procured from the laboratory. The pumpkin seed was divided into three different portions and subjected to traditional sand toasting, germination, and processing into flour. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition, minerals, heavy metals, vitamins, functional properties, and microbial safety.

The result of proximate composition analyses revealed that raw and traditionally processed pumpkin seed flour had 33.75-39.63% protein, 43.65-36.36% fat, 7.38-5.89% moisture, 4.85-6.04% ash, 1.89-2.25% fiber, and 5.94-14.49% carbohydrate. The mineral and heavy metal content were in the range of 7.17-4.13 mg/100 Iron, 117.88-221.55 mg/100 g Potassium, 7.41-9.01 mg/100 g Calcium, 45.67-55.65 mg/100 g Phosphorus, 0.89-4.67 mg/100 g Iodine, and 7.39-6.33 mg/100 g Zinc. The toxic/deleterious elements values for Hg, Pb, As, and Cd were 0.018-0.004 mg/100 g; 0.021–0.062 mg/100 g, 0.013–0.092 mg/100 g, and 0.0011-0.0051 mg/100 g, respectively.  Cyanide, Nitrate, Phytate, and Oxalate contents of the pumpkin seed flour were 0.72-0.32 mg/100 g, 2.77–1.00 mg/100 g, 35.56–14.56 mg/100 g, and 0.073–0.030 mg/100 g, respectively. An appreciable amount of vitamins (Beta-carotene, vitamin C, and thiamine) were recorded with excellent functional properties. The microbial count was within the limit of national and international standards showing the processed pumpkin seed flour to be safe. 

It can be concluded that subjecting pumpkin seeds to traditional processing methods enhanced their nutritional properties and food safety quality. Therefore, adopting this traditional processing approach can be used in rural community nutrition and nutrition in emergency feeding programs in developing countries.

The problem of soil contamination is a major concern of emerging countries. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and mercury cannot be biodegraded, and therefore, persist in the environment for long periods. It has become essential to develop efficient techniques for decontamination of polluted soils. One of these techniques, phytoremediation, is economically viable and compatible with environmental preservation policies. The application of phytoremediation in salty areas requires the use of plants that are able to tolerate heavy metals and high soil salinity. Atriplex halimus is one of the species with a great purification potential, which is a spontaneous halophyte species, and endowed with a fairly important aerial and root biomass. This study aimed to determine the effect of cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) on the germination and growth of A. halimus, and to assess its ability to accumulate cadmium and proline.

This is an experimental study of the tolerance of A. halimus to increasing concentrations of CdSO4 by an in vivo test. This study aimed to assess the degree of tolerance of this perennial species towards different concentrations of CdSO4.

The results show a non-significant effect of CdSO4 on the seed germination rate and growth of the aerial and root parts. However, a significant accumulation of proline was observed especially in the aerial part, whereas the highest cadmium content was recorded at the roots.

According to the results, this species can be used in phytoremediation to decontaminate soils contaminated by heavy metals.

Medicinal plant contain phytochemicals which have inhibitory effects on plant pathogens. Weeds compete with the main crops and reduce the growth, yield, and quality of agricultural products to some extent. One of the most common methods of reducing weed damage is the use of chemical herbicides. Due to the side effects that chemical herbicides on human health and the environment, there is a need to replace biocompatible and low-risk herbicides.

In this study, the allelopathic properties of the Ferula assa-foetida L. essential oil and castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) have been investigated as a botanical herbicide to prevent germination of redroot pigweed seeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L.).

In this regard, an herbal formulation based on Ferula assa-foetida essential oil and castor oil was prepared and its effect on the germination of redroot pigweed seeds was studies in laboratory conditions. The chemical composition of the herbal formulation was analyzed by GC/MS.

The results showed that this herbal formulation in concentration 0.75 % and 1 % inhibits the germination of weed seeds about 70 %. The main constituents of Ferula assa-foetida and Ricinus communis were (E)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (43.9 %) and ricinoleic acid methyl ester (58.1 %), respectively.

It was found that the studied botanical formulation has herbicidal properties. Therefore, more research is needed to achieve promising results in order to replace chemical herbicides with botanical herbicides.

Legumes and pulses have high nutritive values and functional properties that exert positive effects on health and nutrition. This study developed a novel complementary baby food using germinated mung bean and cowpea as sources of extra nutrients supplemented to the infants (aging 6-12 months). The carbohydrate contents of mung bean and cowpea showed 64.3 and 64.0% reduction, respectively, during 48 h of germination. However, phosphorous and zinc contents and antioxidant activities of mung bean and cowpea and the iron content of cowpea increased over the same period of germination. Five baby food formulations were prepared and evaluated according to a standard formula for a commercial baby food which was also used as the control. The finalized formula had higher protein (22.4%), calcium (6,100 mg kg‐1), phosphorus (5,133 mg kg ‐1) and vitamin D (329 IU in 100 g) contents but lower contents of iron (55.5 mg kg ‐1), vitamin C as ascorbic acid (0.1 mg in 100 g) and vitamin B12 (1.2 mg in 100 g) than the control. A finalized formula with good appearance, flavor and taste as well as an overall general acceptance was obtained that can be used to fight mal-nutritional issues in certain developing countries.