جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "gis" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Crashes in Iran annually lead to devastating consequences, resulting in loss of life and significant property damage. To mitigate these impacts, the deployment of fixed and mobile speed control cameras has been adopted as a strategy to regulate traffic and improve road safety. The aim of this study was to examine the behavior of drivers when approaching speed control cameras and their influence on crash occurrence. Fatal crash data from three consecutive years (2020-2022) were collected and analyzed using the Geographic Information System (GIS) in Tabriz City. Approximately 27 speed cameras located in crash-spots were investigated within 100-meter sections, both preceding and following the cameras. The results showed a significant reduction in fatal crashes within a 500-meter radius before the speed control cameras. However, crashes were more frequent within distances ranging from 500 to 1000 meters before the cameras, primarily occurring during the night. After passing the cameras, daily crashes increased, with incidents primarily involving pedestrians due to driver inattention occurring within the 500-meter range after the camera's location. The present study not only emphasizes the potential of speed control cameras in promoting safer driving behaviors, but also stresses the importance of conducting further investigations on drivers’ behaviors after passing the speed control cameras to enhance road safety measures.

Kerman Province is one of the endemic foci of scorpionism in southeastern Iran. Totally 17 species are reported for Kerman Province fauna. The current study seeks to determine the fauna of medically important scorpions in northern parts of this province.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to March 2021. The specimens were captured from different areas, by rock-rolling during day and using Ultraviolet light at night. The specimens were pre-served in ethanol (80%) and then identified using reliable identification keys for scorpions.

Totally, 499 specimens were captured from eight cities in northern Kerman. In total, 11 species belonging to three families were identified. Buthacus sp. is reported for the first time from Kerman Province. Buthacus sp., Hotten-totta cf. juliae, and Hottentotta cf. schach, were the lowest in frequency of occurrence, against Mesobuthus navidpouri as the highest frequency.

The results of this study are useful for the preparation of regional or monovalent antivenom for the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. Additionally, the obtained data are useful for the effective planning of scorpion control programs in the northern parts of Kerman Province, Iran.

Landfill site selection is a complex decision-making process which requires the evaluation of various environmental, social, and economic criteria. The present research aims to propose a GIS-based Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method for landfill site selection in the east of Lorestan province, Iran. The study used 11 criteria including land use, distance from protected areas, slope, elevation, distance from the water resource, distance from the road, geology, distance from the fault, soil texture, distance from the city, and distance from the village. The results show that the proposed method can be used as a reliable tool for landfill site selection. The method provides decision-makers with a systematic approach to evaluate and rank potential sites based on their suitability. The study found that distance from water resources and soil texture were the most important criteria for landfill site selection in the study area. The proposed method can help decision-makers to identify suitable sites for landfill development considering potential environmental impacts. The study highlights the importance of using the GIS-based SWARA technique for landfill site selection, as it provides a comprehensive and efficient approach to decision-making. The proposed GIS-based SWARA method can be used as a valuable tool for landfill site selection in other regions and can help in achieving sustainable development goals.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) have always been considered as the vector/s of viral and parasitic diseases. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive survey on the species composition, spatial distribution, and biodiversity indices of mosquitoes in Kurdistan Province, western Iran.

This study was carried out in 10 counties of Kurdistan Province. The immature stages of mosquitoes were collected monthly from June to September. ArcGIS software was used to spatial analysis and create maps. Alpha diversity indices were calculated using the related formula.

Totally, 5831 larvae belonging to the family Culicidae were collected. Twelve species were identified including: Anopheles claviger, An. maculipennis s.l, An. superpictus s.l, Culiseta. longiareolata, Cs. subochrea, Culex hortensis, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. modestus and Cx. territans. Based on this analysis, the high-risk areas of the province are determined as Anopheles in the west, Culex in the north, and the Culiseta in the south of the province. Analyzing the Alpha biodiversity indices showed Baneh and Sarabad had the maximum and Bijar had the minimum mosquito biodiversity.

The western counties of the province are regarded as the hotspots for anopheline mosquitos. Moreover, reporting of malaria cases in the past, bordering with Iraq and the high traffic of travelers have made these areas as potential foci for malaria transmission. So that, routine entomological inspections are proposed to detect any suspicious vector or case entrance.

Primary healthcare facilities are essential to provide healthcare to individuals and the society closer to home. Fast, timely, and affordable access to these centers is important in each society. This is especially crucial to prevent and control the epidemics of non-communicable diseases that are highly affecting populations in urban settings. This study aimed to assess spatial accessibility to primary healthcare facilities in Yazd city (Iran), using a Geographic Information System (GIS).

In this descriptive-analytical study, which was conducted cross-sectionally in 2022, locational information related to primary healthcare centers, population distribution, and urban zoning of Yazd city were collected and recorded in Excel format. Then, distribution maps of each of the studied uses were determined. Then, the existing indicators and standards regarding the uses were determined through documentary studies, and a geographic database was formed through the GIS software collection. Data were analyzed using indicators and models such as hot spot analysis, Thiessen's polygons algorithm, access model based on the two-step floating catchment area, and the average distance model of the nearest neighbor.

The results indicated that the comprehensive health centers in Yazd city are located next to each other with a scattered distribution pattern, and are away from each other by an average distance of 1131 meters. Also, the distance of urban health posts from each other is 1045 meters on average, and are randomly located next to each other. The main concentration of the distribution of primary health care facilities is observed in the central and traditional regions of the city, which, according to the hot spot analysis, are among the cold and low population density spots. In addition, the access score of the regions indicates that the distribution of these facilities is not according to the population density, and the highest functional pressure of comprehensive health centers as well as urbun health posts is observed in the regions where there is the least access to these facilities.

There is a disparity between the distribution of primary healthcare facilities and population density in Yazd city, Iran. This study provides significant evidence to local health policymakers and urban planners to design more efficient actions related to equal development of health infrastructure by using the GIS.

Cancer is one of the most important causes of death and disability worldwide. In most cases, cancer is not caused by inherent biology, but by the environment where a person lives. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of the common cancers by gender using GIS system in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.

In this cohort study, all the cancer reports, based on gender, in Razavi Khorasan Province were collected annually from 2011 to 2014. The study variables included the number of people diagnosed with cancer, type of cancer, and gender. The GIS software was employed to draw a geographic map for the prevalence of cancer separately by gender in Razavi Khorasan Province. A geographical map was drawn for breast cancer in women and colon cancer in men in 20 cities of the above-mentioned province.

The results showed that the prevalence of breast cancer in women and stomach cancer in men was higher than other cancers. Also, breast cancer in women and stomach cancer in men was the highest in the capital of the province (Mashhad), which was equal to 4,623 and 2,770 cases, respectively, during the years 2011-2014.

Considering the high prevalence of three types of breast cancer in women and colon cancer in men in Razavi Khorasan Province, especially Mashhad city, it is highly recommended to take necessary measures to prevent these diseases. Drawing a geographic map for breast (women) and intestine (men) cancers for 20 cities of Razavi Khorasan province could be useful for future planners.

Natural disasters are known as one of the most important factors in the destruction of human settlements. One of the key concerns for urban planners is examining how natural disasters affect human settlements, particularly cities. Earthquake is one of these natural disasters that has always threatened human settlements and can cause a lot of damage and casualties in a short period. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the vulnerability of settlements in District 2 of Tabriz, Iran, against earthquakes.

This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The primary data of existing documents and maps were collected from related organizations. The analytical hierarchy process model and geographic information system software were used for data analysis.

To determine the vulnerability of the texture of District 2 of Tabriz, such indicators as the distance from the fault, slope percentage, groundwater levels, building age, building materials, building quality, building density, number of floors, plot area, and land use were employed.

According to the results, 35% of the region was in the high-risk and 25% in the very high-risk areas. In general, it can be said that most of the region (i.e. 60%) was in the area with a high risk of earthquake, and the area with very high risk was mostly in the northern parts of the region, while the southeastern parts of the region were located in low-risk areas.

 Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent cancer in females worldwide. In recent years, the incidence rates of BC have been increasing among Iranian women. This study aimed to examine the incidence of BC among females in Kermanshah province, west of Iran, based on the data taken from the Kermanshah Population-based Cancer Registry (KPCR) during 2014-2017.   

 In this registry study, data were obtained from the KPCR, a high-quality cancer registry that collects data on various cancers using standard protocols all over Kermanshah province. The crude incidence rates (CRs) and age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of BC were determined per 105 person-years. Further, temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression analysis to describe the average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% CIs. ArcGIS software was used to map the geographic distribution of BC incidence.   

 During 2014-2017, 1,177 new cases of BC were detected in Kermanshah province. Most of the females diagnosed with BC (cases/100,000, percentage) lived in Kermanshah county (900, 76%) compared to the other counties (277, 23%). The overall ASR of BC increased by 38.7 cases per 100,000 females-year (AAPC: 2.2; 95%CI 5.1–10.1; p=0.3). The lowest and highest ASRs were observed in 2015 (36.7/100,000) and 2017 (40.7/100,000), respectively. The maximum incidence of BC among females was reported in the age group 45-49 years.   

 The BC trend for females increased from 2014 to 2017 in Kermanshah province across all age groups, especially in the age group 45-49 years. Thus, it is essential to take a series of effective health measures to prevent and control this cancer.

According to the heavy traffic in Tehran, a high amount of 1, 3-Butadiene (BD) in this city is highly expected. This study has been estimated the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) attributable to BD people exposure in Tehran municipality's 9th district and simulation the way of its releasing. This research is an applied study that has been done in the form of field research. Cancer risk assessment were carried out based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency method. BD concentration measurements were performed at 30 points which specified in the area and daily at three different time in four seasons since autumn of 2019 till summer of 2020. LCR then was calculated for four different groups of residents, employees, first and second classes of the pedestrian. Finally, the way of releasing BD in the 9th district was evaluated by GIS software. The results showed that the highest and lowest BD concentrations were 2819 and 424 ppb, respectively, in autumn and spring and were measured in the north and west side of the 9th district which much higher than inhalation reference concentration, in addition the LCR estimation of population due to exposure with high level of BD are exceeded the USEPA benchmark of 1 × 10-6 in the 4 specified groups. So that the amount of LCR in the residents is 790 times more than the USEPA benchmark. According to the results, the necessity for traffic control by urban management and producing green vehicles to prevent pollutants emission is essential.

Noise pollution is a concerning factor that is increasing day by day in Sylhet City Corporation located in Sylhet division in Bangladesh. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the noise pollution level in Sylhet city by comparing it with the standard noise level. Also, the outcomes from this study are compared with other studies from different countries. For measuring the noise level in decibel, BSWA 308 device was used in this study. Total 38 samples were taken from different geographical locations in Sylhet City Corporation. 38 samples provide 96 to 99% accuracy with a 95% confidence level (equal to or more than 36). The decibels value ranges from approximately 72 dB to 86 dB. From the observed data we calculated L10, L50, L90, Noise Climate NC = 12.7 dB, Equivalent Continuous Noise Level Leq= 77.18 dB, Noise pollution Level Lnp= 89.88 dB. Using Arc GIS software version 10.5 a contour map of the area was made, where every line in the contour map defines a specific decibel value. And the map was made with 2 dB intervals between the two corresponding contour lines. More than 30% of the study area is vulnerable to high levels of noise (>82dBA), and about 30% of the study area is the lower level of noise (<77dBA). After comparing the outcomes of noise level from this study it is observed that the noise level of this area has crossed the acceptable limit in all parameters.

The present study aimed to assess and optimize the spatial model of access to family physician centers in Shiraz using the Geographic Information System (GIS Software).

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed in four stages in all family physician centers and clinics in Shiraz. In the first stage, a review study was performed to determine site selection criteria, and in the second stage, the criteria were prioritized and weighted using the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the third stage, the data were recorded in GIS Software, and finally, in the last stage, the spatial data were assigned to databases.

Based on the results, the field of geography with a weight of 0.549 was the most important area, and the criterion of population age structure with a weight of 0.451 assumed the most critical importance in the selection of appropriate sites for the establishment of family physician centers. According to Moran’s index (MI = 0.055), family physicians are randomly distributed in Shiraz, and about 20% of the population do not have standard access to family physician centers.

As evidenced by the results of the current study, people living in the suburbs of Shiraz had far less access to family physician centers, as compared to those residing in central parts. Moreover, the spatial distribution of family physicians in Shiraz does not follow a specific pattern. It is necessary to plan and take effective measures to establish new centers or redistribute existing centers in accordance with the priorities obtained from the results of this study in an attempt to increase healthcare access in suburban areas using GIS and other related techniques.

Phlebotomus papatasi is known as the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of geographical and bioclimatic factors on the Ph. papatasi distribution.

A total of 34 villages were selected, and sampling was performed three times using 120 sticky traps in each selected village. All the collected species were mounted and identified. The densities of Ph. papatasi were measured in all the villages and entered ArcMap as a point layer. The required bioclimatic and environmental variables were extracted from the global climate database and The normalized difference vegetation index was obtained from the MODIS satellite imagery, also, all variables entered into ArcMap as raster layers, so The numerical value of each independent variable in the cell where the selected village is located in this, was extracted using spatial analyst tools and the value to point submenu. All the data were finally entered IBM SPSS, and the relationship was examined between the number of collected Ph. papatasi and the independent variables using Spearman’s correlation test.

A total of 1773 specimens of Ph. papatasi were collected. The findings of this study showed that max temperature of the warmest month, temperature annual range, temperature seasonality, mean diurnal range, precipitation seasonality, mean temperature of the driest and warmest quarter were positively associated with the density of Ph. papatasi.

Air temperature and precipitation were shown as the most significant factors in the distribution of Ph. papatasi.

One of the first cities that announced the outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran was Babol, in the north of Iran. Geographic Information System (GIS) is an important tool in tracking and dealing with the spread of diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the weekly GIS reports on the spread of the disease in controlling COVID-19.

This cross-sectional study was conducted for two months, from the third week of the beginning of the epidemic till the end of the first wave of COVID-19. The geographic address of hospitalized patients was extracted and pinned on the map of Babol. Coding was done in the Python program (python 3.7.6) and the information was placed in an online map that can be enlarged and separated to show the alleys and houses. Moreover, the information was entered into the GIS software and the weekly output was obtained in HTML and PNG formats. The output results of the maps were used as the basis for follow-up in the deputy health department, and after the creation of operational teams, the follow-up of points with high prevalence was done on a weekly basis until the end of the first peak of the COVID-19 epidemics.

The number of hospitalized patients in hospitals of Babol had an upward trend from the beginning of the disease until March 12, 2020. After that, according to the measures taken (including the preparation of patient distribution maps), at first a steady trend and after ten days, a downward trend was observed. A total of 174 pollution points were found in Babol city and Babol county, of which 60 pollution points were related to Babol city.

Based on the results of this study, the preparation of distribution maps of COVID-19 patients in Babol and targeted follow-ups helped to control the first peak of this outbreak within 10 days.

Phlebotomus papatasi is known as the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of geographical and bioclimatic factors on the Ph. papatasi distribution.

A total of 34 villages were selected, and sampling was performed three times using 120 sticky traps in each selected village. All the collected species were mounted and identified their species. The densities of Ph. papatasi were measured in all the villages and entered into ArcMap as a point layer. The required bioclimatic and environmental variables were extracted from the global climate database and The normalized difference vegetation index was obtained from the MODIS satellite imagery, also, all variables entered into ArcMap as raster layers, so The numerical value of each independent variable in the cell where the selected village is located in this, was extracted using spatial analyst tools and the value to point submenu. All the data were finally entered into IBM SPSS, and the relationship was examined between the number of collected Ph. papatasi and the independent variables using Spearman's correlation test.

A total of 1773 specimens of Ph. papatasi were collected. The findings of this study showed that max temperature of warmest month, temperature annual range, temperature seasonality, mean diurnal range, precipitation seasonality, mean temperature of driest and warmest quarter were positively associated with the density of Ph. papatasi.

Air temperature and precipitation were shown as the most significant factors in the distribution of Ph. papatasi.

Ticks are forced vertebrate ectoparasites, including humans, and are vectors of serious diseases such as Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Relapsing Fever, and various forms of encephalitis. Spatial assessment of the prevalence of ticks and detection of high risk areas for tick-borne disease transmission and evaluation of ecological measures are key aims of this research.

Ticks were collected using standard methods from 27 villages in the region of Sarab County in north-eastern Iran during the four seasons of 2018–2019 and identified using valid keys. The calculations of indices for biodiversity were based on the Margalef index, Shannon-Weiner index and Simpson index. R2.15 Statistical software was used for statistical analysis of indices of biodiversity, and ArcMap10.4.1 software, IDW and GeneralG methods were used. Analysis were used to investigate spatial distribution and to determine important tick hotspots.

 A total of 2500 animals surveyed, 35% of them were infected. In total, 1416 ticks were caught, 74.6 %, 23.9% and 1.4 % were adult, nymph and larvae respectively. 94% of the ticks were hard ticks including 6 genera. According to the Margalef diversity index, the highest species biodiversity was related to summer (1.4234), and the lowest was relat ed to winter (0.7379),

Large hotspot area was found in the central part of the study area. The area of study was very prone to tick-borne disease transmission in terms of tick diversity and tick species richness. Tick-borne disease control is an im portant measure.

Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease that is still considered as a health problem in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of anthrax using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This study is descriptive analytical study. Information on anthrax was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.

The highest incidence of anthrax during 2010-2015 was observed in the provinces of Kurdistan, North Khorasan, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, respectively. The trend of the incidence of anthrax in Iran had increased from 2010 to 2013, while its incidence decreased in 2014. Based on the results of modeling in Iran, the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azarbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan, respectively, with 37.16%, 33.83%, 16.78%, and 10.49% of their area (km²) had the highest risk of anthrax disease in the country in the year 2021.

Since the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan are among the high-risk areas in the country in the coming years, the cooperation between the veterinary organization and the health care system and the vaccination of livestock in these areas can significantly help to control and prevent the disease.