جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « gsh » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

One of the most common causes of acute liver failure is acetaminophen overdose. The antidote N-acetylcysteine acts by scavenging the reactive metabolite, but its therapeutic limitation necessitates the development of additional therapeutic approaches that can benefit late-presenting patients. Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular nonprotein thiol that has an important role in the regulation of many cellular physiologic functions such as redox-homeostatic buffering. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of GSH supplementation in the recovery of deteriorated liver functions in induced acute acetaminophen toxicity rats; in addition to determining its value in the preservation of DNA integrity in such toxicity. This experimental study was done on 36 albino rats which were divided into three groups (n=12 rats / group) as follows, group1: Control group, group 2: Acetaminophen (APAP) treated group, group 3: APAP and glutathione treated group. Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups (n=6) and they were sacrificed at 12 hours and 24 hours sequentially. The extent of hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage was evaluated using histopathological study, and comet analysis, and biochemical markers (ALT, GSH, and MDA). GSH supplementation (APAP and glutathione treated group) significantly improved liver functions resulting in; a statistically significant decrease in ALT levels, reducing Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and preserving DNA integrity. GSH is a highly effective alternative in the treatment of APAP hepatotoxicity.

Synthetic drug-induced liver injury is the main concern of many pharmaceutical companies to obtain drugs with high safety level through continuous development in the international clinical treatment industry. Carbamazepine is one of the safest drugs for its users, but it has been found that some of these patients may develop cases of acute hepatitis. This study aimed to investigate the side effects of carbamazepine in liver injury and to elucidate the mechanism of liver toxicity caused by carbamazepine in mice.

Twenty-four mature male Balb-C mice (Mus musculus) were divided into three groups, each group containing 8 animals: The control group was given 1 ml of normal saline for 30 days, Group II received 2.85 mg/kg/day of Carbamazepine for 30 days, and Group III received 5.7 mg/kg/day of Carbamazepine during 30 days. Then, histological and enzymatic changes were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD test.

Histological evaluation showed severe liver damage and acute inflammation of the liver tissue in mice that received oral carbamazepine. The serum level of liver enzymes and coenzymes showed a significant increase compared to the control group (p≤0.05).

Biomarkers can be used as a warning about the pre-sensitivity of some patients to carbamazepine. Also, carbamazepine treatment may change the capacity of the liver to detoxify many toxic compounds.

Low immunity causes the body to become more easily infected, resulting in inflammation. If the immune system is functioning properly, this inflammation will end in healing. The immune system has a protective role in the body, and its anti-inflammatory role is vital. During trauma, the initial immune response is marked by inflammation. The use of date-seed extract, although not steeped date seeds, has been studied as an anti-inflammatory agent. This study is aimed at demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effect of steeped date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in rats with CCl4-induced inflammation. This experiment included a pre- and post-test with control group design. Male Wistar rats (approximately 2–3 months of age, ranging in weight from 150 to 200 g) were assigned to the following groups: negative control (NC), positive control (PC), T1 treatment dose 1 g/kg, T3 treatment dose 3 g/kg, T5 treatment dose 5 g/kg, and healthy control (HC). Groups 1–5 were subjected to CCl4 induction at a single dose of 2 mL/kg before treatment. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), glutathione (GSH), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were compared in groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test for comparisons between means. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), GSH, and IFN-γ were significantly different among the HC and treatment groups after CCl4 induction. After 14 days of steeped date-seed treatment, TNF-α decreased, but GSH and IFN-γ levels increased significantly (P = 0.001). Administration of steeped date seeds at a dose of 5 g/kg can increase GSH and IFN-γ, and decrease TNF-α, the strongest inflammatory marker in CCl4-induced rats. The findings of this study indicate that date-seed supplementation can support body immunity by regulating pro-inflammatory mediators.

In this study, we elucidated the ameliorative effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Mumiju against acetic acid-induced experimental colitis in male rats.
The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n=7) including I: control group, II: vehicle group (injected with 2 ml acetic acid (4%) intra rectally), III and IV: treatment groups which received Mumiju (250 mg/kg) orally or intraperitoneally for 4 consecutive days after ulcer induction. Ulcer index, severity of inflammation, colonic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and histological changes were recorded after the treatment regimen of 4 days.
The ulcer index, severity of inflammation and colonic MDA levels were increased following intrarectal instillation of acetic acid. Also, acetic acid significantly decreased the SOD and GSH levels. Treatment with Mumiju for 4 days exhibited significantly lowered oxidative stress, while elevated of SOD and GSH levels. Regenerative-healing patterns also was seen by histopathological findings after treatment with Mumiju.
The present investigation demonstrates that Mumiju could be regarded as a herb with potent therapeutic value in the amelioration of experimental colitis in laboratory animals by modulation of oxidant- antioxidant system.

Amitriptyline, one of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants, caused rare but severe hepatotoxicity in patients who received it continuously. Previous findings showed that the intermediate metabolites of amitriptyline produced by CYP450 are involved in hepatic injury. Melatonin is an antiaging and antioxidant hormone synthesized from pineal gland. The aim of present study was to evaluate the protective role of melatonin in an in vitro model of isolated rat hepatocytes. Markers such as cell viability, reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and hepatocytes glutathione content were evaluated every 60 minutes for 180 minutes. Present results indicated that administration of 1mM of melatonin effectively reduced the cell death, ROS formation and lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and reduced cellular glutathione content caused by amitriptyline. Our results indicated that melatonin is an effective antioxidant in preventing amitriptyline-induced hepatotoxicity. We recommend further in vivo animal and clinical trial studies on the hepatoprotective effects of melatonin in patients receiving amitriptyline.

One of the major complications in cancer chemotherapy is the development of resistance, and cisplatin, as one of the important medicines in treatment regimens of different cancers is not excluded. One of the most described cellular defense mechanisms involved in resistance is glutathione (GSH) and in this study, the effects of cisplatin on the total intracellular GSH level (GSHi) in some sensitive and resistant variants of human cell lines (hepatocarcinoma HepG2, Skin A375, cisplatin sensitive glioblastoma U373MG and cisplatin resistant glioblastoma U373MGCP, cisplatin sensitive ovary A2780S and cisplatin resistant A2780CP cells) was studied. MTT assay was used to measure cytotoxicity of cisplatin (33.3 µM for 1 hour). GSHi (per million cells) was evaluated using a photometrical assay up to 90 minutes following cisplatin exposure. Our results indicate that there are significant differences between GSHi content of A2780CP and U373MGCP cells with other cell lines. Moreover, IC50 of cisplatin in different cells seems to have a relation with mean of GSH level in 90 minutes (GSH (mean)90). As a conclusion, it seems that the acquired resistance to cisplatin in different cell lines is more related with the diverse patterns of GSHi variations following cisplatin than its original level, and/or its cellular increase or decrease. It is also suggested that GSH (mean)90 may be used as a factor for the prediction of cellular resistance to cisplatin.

Corn silk (CS) is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. Feijoa sellowiana (FS), on the other hand, is a non-native plant widespread in the southern part of Iran. The aim of the present study was to examine the renal protective activity of CS and FS against dosage-induced ecstasy (MDMA) by in situ rat renal perfusion (IRRP) system. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of CS and FS (10, 20, 40 and 100 mg/ kg) were studied for their renal protective activities by IRRP system. In this study, the kidneys were perfused with Kerbs-Henseleit buffer, containing different concentrations of hydro-alcoholic (HA) extracts of CS and FS (10, 20, 40, 50, and 100mg/kg) added to the buffer and perfused for two hours. During the perfusion, many factors, including urea, creatinine and GSH levels assessed as indicator of renal viability. Consequently, sections of renal tissue were examined for any histopathological changes.The results showed that histopathological changes in renal tissue related to HA extract of CS AND FS concentrations dose-dependently. Doses of 50, 100 mg/kg caused significant histopathological changes (P<0.05). Glutathione (GSH) levels of samples perfused by HA extract of CS and FS increased compared with the positive control group. Renal protective effects of CS and FS decrease lipid peroxidation, although other mechanisms may also be involved.

Although exercise can increase free radicals by generating oxidative stress, it also can decrease them by increasing the antioxidant enzymes in the body as well. The purpose of this study is to investigate the eccentric activity on some oxidative and anti-oxidative factors pertaining to blood plasma of PE women immediately after the exercise. Sixteen female students have been volunteered in this study randomly divided into two groups including eccentric training group and control group. The blood samples were drawn from the subjects one hour before and immediately after the exercise to measure the reduced Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The data were analyzed by SPSS-13 software using the one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA test, (to determine the differences between groups) at the confidence level of 90% (p<0.05). The results has shown that the TAC, MDA, GSH levels after the eccentric exercise increased significantly compared to pre-exercise (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.033). The GSH and MDA levels also after the eccentric exercise were significantly higher than the pre-exercise compared to control group. It seems that sever eccentric exercise is an important stimulus making significant changes in body’s anti-oxidative system and has the ability to improve the anti-oxidant capacities too.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a sulfur-containing compound commonly found in diet and known to reduce oxidative stress. This trial was conducted to determine whether single dose supplementation with MSM attenuates post-exercise oxidative stress in healthy untrained young men. Sixteen untrained men volunteered for this study. Participants were randomized in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion into 2 groups: Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) (n = 8) and placebo (n = 8). The participants took supplementation or placebo before running on treadmill for 45 min at 75% VO2max. The MSM supplementation was prepared in water as 100 mg/kg body weight. The placebo group received water. Serum Malondealdehyde (MDA), uric acid, bilirubin, protein carbonyl (PC) and plasma vitamin E levels were determined as the markers of oxidative stress. Plasma GSH (reduced Glutathione) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured as markers of plasma antioxidant system. MSM supplementation successfully lowered serum PC 2 and 24 h after exercise. Plasma TAC in MSM group was higher at 24 h after exercise. Serum level of uric acid and bilirubin were significantly low immediately after exercise in MSM supplemented group. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of plasma GSH level. These results complement earlier studies showing anti-oxidant effect of MSM and suggest that single dose oral supplementation with MSM lowers exercise induced oxidative stress in healthy untrained young men, but is not adequate to significantly affect plasma GSH level.

Alzheimer is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which Oxidative stress plays a major role. The present study was designed to investigate Neuroprotective effect of Lornoxicam, Selegiline and co-administration of both drugs in Scopolamine induced cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Scopolamine (1.4mg/kg) was administered intraperitoniallyin male Wistar rats. Rectangular maze performance test was used to assess the memory performance test. Various biochemical parameters such as Catalase, 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazine (DPPH), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), reduced glutathione(GSH) and acetylcholine esterase (AchE) were also assessed. IntraperitonialScopolamine results marked memory impairment and oxidative damage. Sub-acute treatment with Lornoxicam (1.3mg/kg, p.o) and Selegiline (0.49mg/kg, p.o) and co-administration of these two drugs for 8 days significantly attenuated scopolamine induced oxidative damage and neurodegeneration. Besides, Lornoxicam, Selegiline and co-administration of both significantly reversed Scopolamine administered increase in acetylcholine esterase activity. Present study indicates protective effect of Lornoxicam, Selegiline and co-administration of both drugs against Scopolamine induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage. The memory enhancing capacity of the drugs was very significant when compared with disease control (P <0.001).

liver injury induced by viruses, chemicals and drugs can be protected by different medicinal plants. Feijoa sellowiana (Myrtaceae) is an evergreen bush native to southern areas of South America, as well as Iran where the fruits are very popular. Feijoa has shown a potent antimicrobial effect. Morever, the antioxidant activity of total Feijoa extract has also been reported. MDMA or ecstasy is a ring-substituted amphetamine derivative which has been abused as a widespread recreational drug by the young generation. Liver is a target organ for MDMA toxicity. In fact, this sense MDMA is metabolized by cytochromes P4502D, 2B and 3Aand reactive metabolites are readily oxidized to the corresponding o-qiuinones and reactive oxygen species (ROS).This study investigated whether methanilic Feijoa sellowiana fruits can produce biochemical changes using the Isolated Rat Liver Perfusion (IRLP) system. The, the liver was perfused with different concentrations of the extract (10, 20, 40, 50,100 mg/kg), added to the buffer and perfused within 2 h. During the perfusion we tried to find out the antioxidant activity or liver protective effect of Feijoa, by determinining amino-transferases activities (SGOT and SGPT) and glutathione reductase (GSH) level in comparison with the positive and negative controls. Subsequently, sections of liver tissue were examined for any histopathological changes. The results revealed that the activities of SGOT and SGPT were seriously decreased and GSH level was significantly increased by the Feijoa extract. Overall, necrosis in the liver parenchyma was decreased. These findings revealed that Feijoa sellowiana is an effective hepatoprotective plant.

Ionizing radiation interacts with biological systems to induce excessive fluxes of free radicals that attack various cellular components. Melatonin has been shown to be a direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant via its stimulatory actions on the antioxidant system.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant role of melatonin against radiation-induced oxidative injury to the rat liver after whole body irradiation. In this experimental study,thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control group, group 2 only received melatonin (30 mg/kg on the first day and 30 mg/kg on the following days), group 3 only received whole body gamma irradiation of 10 Gy, and group 4 received 30 mg/kg melatonin 30 minutes prior to radiation plus whole body irradiation of 10 Gy plus 30 mg/kg melatonin daily through intraperitoneal (IP) injection for three days after irradiation. Three days after irradiation, all rats were sacrificed and their livers were excised to measure the biochemical parameters malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Each data point represents mean ± standard error on the mean (SEM) of at least eight animals per group. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare different groups, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that whole body irradiation induced liver tissue damage by increasing MDA levels and decreasing GSH levels. Hepatic MDA levels in irradiated rats that were treated with melatonin (30 mg/kg) were significantly decreased, while GSH levels were significantly increased, when compared to either of the control groups or the melatonin only group. The data suggest that administration of melatonin before and after irradiation may reduce liver damage caused by gamma irradiation.

In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of the methanol extract of aerial parts (shoot) from Otostegia persica Boiss (Golder) was investigated against the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in male rats. Liver damage was induced through the oral administration of 50% CCl4 in liquid paraffin (2.5 mL/Kg bw, per os) 60 min after the administration of the methanol extract of O. persica shoot (in 200, 300, 400 mg/Kg bw doses) and assessed using biochemical parameters (plasma and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), transaminase enzyme levels in plasma [aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and liver glutathione (GSH) levels). Results show that the methanol extract of O. persica shoot is active at 300 mg/Kg (per os) and it possess remarkable antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Additionally, histopathological studies verified the effectiveness of this dose of extract in acute liver damage prevention.

Preparation of oocytes is one of the critical factors that determine thedevelopmental competence of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF).

In this study, the effect of cysteamine, type of media and glutathione (GSH)level on blastocysts development after in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes wereinvestigated.

Premature female mice were primed with pregnant marestimulating gonadotrophin (PMSG), and germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes wereobtained 45 hr later. GV oocytes were cultured in presence of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 500μm cysteamine in TCM199 and MEME media. After IVM, MII oocytes were in vitrofertilized (IVF) and in vitro cultured (IVC) in order to observe embryo development. Agroup of In Vivo Ovulated (IVO) oocytes after priming with PMSG and HCG also wereincluded in this study. 5,5-Dithio-bis (2nitrobenzoic acid) DTNB-recycling protocolwas used for GSH assay.

Rate of IVM and IVF were improved in all oocytes treated with cysteamine inthe two medium except 500 μm (81% MII rate in TCM and 64% MII in MEME). Rateof blastocyst in 100 μm cysteamine in TCM1199 and 200 μm in MEME was highercompared to control groups (In TCM 45% and in MEME 35%). In vivo MII and GVoocytes represented the highest and lowest GSH level respectively.

Our results revealed that the media and concentration of cysteamine canaffects on IVM, IVF and rate of blastocysts development on dose dependant manner.

Selenium (Se) is part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH – Px) that plays an important role in the antioxidant defense of the body. Evidence has demonstrated that populations with low intake of selenium in the diet have a 2-3 fold risk of ischemic heart disease. Positive statistically significant correlations have been found between trace element concentrations (Cu, Zn, Se) of heart tissue with physiological parameters (CO: cardiac output, EF: ejection fraction) of the heart. Increased plasma concentration of TNF-α has been found in patients with coronary artery disease. Stressed myocardium activates pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, which produce abnormalities in myocyte contractile function. This study was done to determine the circulating levels of Cu, Zn, Se, IL- 6, TNF - α, and erythrocyte GSH - PX activity in two groups of patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CCAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and normal individuals (IHD-free).
Patients were divided into two groups: 25 with chronic CAD (CCAD) and 25 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The control group was 50 normal individuals that did not have any symptoms for IHD, and was gender and age-matched with the patients. Blood samples were collected during the first hours after the onset of chest pain in the acute MI group. Serum levels of Se, Cu, and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured with ELISA and erythrocyte GSH-PX activity with Paglia and Valentine methods.
In both groups of patients, there was a significant reduction of Se in the serum (82.36±11.31 micg/l in CCAD, 74.08±11.31 in AMI vs. 105±32.52 in control group, P-value=0.03). No Trace Element Levels in Acute and Chronic CAD M. Hassanzadeh MD, et al statistically significant difference was found in Zn and Cu serum levels (0.98±0.22 and 112±18 in CCAD and 0.98±0.4 and 115±20 in AMI vs. 0.96±0.24 and 114±17 in control group). TNF-α titers showed a significant difference in AMI patients compared to CCAD and control groups
(mean TNF-α level 37.44 pg/ml in CCAD, 914.32 pg/ml in AMI and 4.80 pg/ml in control group, P value 0.01). Serum levels of IL-6 in the two groups of CCAD and AMI patients were 3.28±15.55 and 472±207.88 pg/ml, respectively, compared to 1.28 pg/ml in the control group, P= 0.001 ).
These findings confirm the previous studies and demonstrate that patients suffering from AMI exhibit a lower plasma concentration of selenium and TNF-α and IL - 6 significantly increase during the first hours of AMI. Selenium concentration of whole blood was lower in the two patient groups (CCAD, AMI) compared to the control group. GSH - PX activity has a strong inverse association with CAD .