جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « hematological indices » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Heavy physical activity increases oxidative and metabolic stress, and factors affecting body recovery and its speed to a normal state are of particular importance [3]. Improper recovery after one training session can lead to an unfavorable performance in the next session. Long-term and repeated inappropriate recoveries can also eventually lead to overtraining by causing fatigue [4]. Active recovery increases blood flow and thus accelerates the athlete’s recovery [6]. Also, the use of massage as a therapeutic and relaxing method is widespread in sports races for preparation before the race, between two races, and return to the original state after the race [9]. One of the main benefits of sports massage is its positive effect on sports performance, which leads to reducing the time of returning to the original state after physical activity, reducing muscle tension, restoring energy reserves through increasing blood flow, and as a result, improving performance in the next race [8, 9, 10]. Therefore, the recovery method can affect the success of athletes by reducing cell or muscle damage indicators [8, 9, 10]. Because intense and long-term training can disrupt an athlete’s performance by increasing oxidative stress and its effects on hematology indicators and antioxidant defense [19, 20], using different methods of recovery after an acute training session can be useful. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to compare the effects of active recovery methods and massage on recovery speed in female runners.

In this quasi-experimental research, 30 semi-endurance semi-professional female runner volunteers were selected by the simple random method as the research sample, and in a crossover design, they were divided into three groups of ten cases: 1) running active recovery, 2) sports massage, and 3) passive recovery groups. In order to homogenize the training plan of all runners, a training protocol with the following details of two weeks, three training sessions per week, and each training session about 2 hours of athletic training was created, and after each session, a cooling exercise was performed for 10-15 minutes, including light aerobic exercises and stretching exercises. After a week of rest, pre-test measurements and blood sampling were performed on an empty stomach. Two hours after the test, subjects had breakfast (including 70% carbohydrates, 15% protein, and 15% fat), and a 1500-meter running race was performed. After receiving recovery results based on grouping, blood sampling was done again. Active recovery consisted of 15 minutes of light running and then 5 minutes of static stretching movements. In the sports massage group, the sports massage therapist performed massage on the lower limbs. In the passive recovery group, runners sat for 30 minutes after doing the activity. Immediately after completion of the 1500-meter running race and subsequently various recovery methods, blood sampling was done. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, version 22 and the significance level was considered at P<0.05.

Results :

In this study, the age range of female runners was 18-24 years old (mean: 21.34±2.32 years). The height range was 161 to 175 cm (mean: 169.126±4.112 cm), and the weight range of runners was 54-68 kg (mean: 62.113±4.217 kg). After a 1500-meters run, there was no significant difference in subjects regarding hematocrit (P=0.25, F=1.44), iron (P=0.23, F=1.52), red blood cells (P=0.41, F=0.92), hemoglobin (P=0.39, F=0.97), aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.80, F=0.21), total antioxidant capacity (P=0.43, F=0.87) and malondialdehyde levels (P=0.036), F=0.21). But there was a significant difference in the number of white blood cells (P=0.03, F=3.75). Also, a significant difference was observed between the effects of three recovery methods on changes in hematocrit (P=0.02, F=4.10), white blood cells (P=0.04, F=3.70), and hemoglobin (P=0.02, F=4.52) of semi-professional female runners. The results of the LSD post hoc test revealed that there was a significant difference in hematocrit (P=0.009), white blood cells (P=0.01), and hemoglobin (P=0.01) between the three groups. However, no significant difference was observed between the three recovery methods in changes in iron, red blood cells, and aspartate aminotransferase (P>0.05). Also, regarding the effects of recovery methods on total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels, there was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity between the three recovery methods (P=0.12, F=1.83). However, a significant difference was observed in malondialdehyde levels (P=0.036, F=1.14). In further investigations, the results of the LSD post hoc test showed that a reduction in malondialdehyde levels in the active recovery group was higher than in the massage and passive groups (P=0.031 and P=0.038, respectively)

In general, a 1500-meter half-endurance running race increases oxidative stress and affects some hematological factors in female runners. Many body organs and systems, including the liver, cardio-respiratory system, muscle system - active muscles - nervous system, hormonal system, muscle glycogen, and triglyceride, and energy systems are under pressure during a race or a training session [28, 29, 30]. Fatiguing running exercises generate excessive free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which leads to damage caused by muscle oxidative stress and impaired contractility, and can affect an athlete’s sports performance or health. Also after different recovery methods, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels was observed compared to the massage and passive groups. It can be said that in the active recovery group, considering that light aerobic activities bring more blood flow to the muscles, as a result, it can improve mitochondrial respiration and improve recovery and reduce oxidative stress in muscles after exercises. However, in the passive and massage groups, the blood flow does not reach the muscles properly. Using active recovery can increase the supply of oxygen and nutrients with improved blood flow to the muscles, and improve the removal of metabolites caused by an aerobic activity, thus reducing oxidative stress, which can prevent muscle injuries in runners.

Zinc is one of the heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems. Currently, nanotechnology has made significant progress in various industries, in the present study, the toxicity of nano-zinc oxide on the blood indices of Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Capoeta) was investigated.

This research was conducted with concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 100 and 400 mg/L of nano-zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO) for 14 days on 70 Capoeta with a mean weight of 20±5 grams. After the experiment, blood samples were taken from the Capoeta and various blood indices were measured including leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC.  

All blood erythrocyte indices in Capoeta showed significant changes, but leukocyte indices did not change. Also, with the increase of nano-zinc oxide in different treatments, the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased and the number of white blood cells increased in Capoeta.  

With rising the concentration of nano-zinc oxide, the level of hematological adverse effects increased and the concentration of 100 mg/l has the most adverse effects in Capoeta. Nano-zinc oxide causes anemia and disrupts Capoeta's immune system, which may be due to its destructive effects on hematopoietic organs such as the liver and kidney.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of some hematologic indices to 6-week high-intensity interval training along with intake of omega-3 supplements in sedentary male students.

In this semi-experimental study, 32 non-athlete male students from Sistan and Baluchestan University, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 8 people each, control, supplement, training, and training+supplement. The omega-3 group received a dose of 2 grams of omega-3 per day. The training group was subjected to high-intensity interval training. Training+omega-3 group has also undergone the same training program with a combination of omega-3 supplementation. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method at a significant level of p≤0.05.

The findings of this study showed that after 6 weeks, some of the hematological indices including red blood cells and hemoglobin in training + omega-3, training, and omega-3 groups increased significantly as compared to pre-test values (p≤0.05). In addition, hematocrit percentage and white blood cells showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in training + omega-3, and training and omega-3 groups compared to the pre test group. While plasma volume changes were constant, there was no significant difference for between groups’ comparisons in all biochemical indices (p≥0.05).

Regarding the findings of the present study, high-intensity interval training combined with omega-3 supplementation causes more significant changes compared to the training or supplement alone on hematologic parameters in sedentary male students