جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "hospital acquired pneumonia" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

One of the most dangerous respiratory diseases is pneumonia, one of the ten leading causes of death globally. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a common infection in hospitals, which is the second most common nosocomial infection and causes inflammation parenchyma. In Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we have various risk factors, including age and gender, and also some specific risk factors. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the deadliest nosocomial infections. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, VAP is pneumonia that develops about 48 hours of an artificial airway. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and other microorganisms can cause these diseases. This review article discusses microbial agents associated with pneumonia. Our goal is to gather information about HAP, CAP, and VAP to give people specific information. In this study, these three issues have been examined together, but in similar studies, each of them has been examined separately, and our type of study will be more helpful in diagnosis and treatment.

 Moxifloxacin is recommended for empirical antibiotic treatment of patients with cirrhosis. However, due to a lack of clinical safety data on moxifloxacin in Child-Pugh C patients, it is unknown how to use moxifloxacin in clinical practice.

 A 76-year-old female with decompensated cirrhosis developed pneumonia during hospitalization. She had an initial failure to respond to imipenem/cilastatin + linezolid therapy. After three-day therapy with imipenem/cilastatin + moxisaxin, her infection symptoms rapidly improved. At this time, she presented a poor response with suspected hepatic encephalopathy. Given the worsening clinical symptoms caused by drug hepatotoxicity, moxisaxin was discontinued. Then, her body temperature rapidly raised.

 Moxisaxin may be a potentially useful antibiotic for hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, but further studies are needed to validate its hepatotoxicity.

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) prevalence is related to patients’ population and diagnostic methods. HAP incidence is reported in different studies from 9% to 46%. The current study aimed at evaluating the etiology of HAP in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).
The patients admitted to ICU of Imam Reza hospital (a tertiary care and teaching hospital in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran) were evaluated for HAP based on the following criteria: fever, leukocytosis, purulent discharge, new radiologic findings, changes in O2 saturation, and ventilator setting. Blood and endotracheal aspirates cultures were performed for all patients. Demographic characteristics were recorded in a checklist.
Among the 88 adult patients enrolled in the current study, the most frequent radiologic finding was patchy infiltration in chest X-ray (71.6%). Mean age of the patients was 58 ± 20.1 years; mean hospital stay was 63 ± 40.8 days; mean interval between hospitalization and pneumonia development was 20.9 ± 16.8 days; and 41 patients (46.6%) died. Acinetobacter spp. were the most frequent microorganisms in purulent discharge and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were the main bacteria isolated from blood culture.
Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy can decrease HAP mortality and morbidity. The current study findings revealed that Acinetobacter app. were the most frequent cause of HAP in ICU patients in the studied center, which should be considered at the time of diagnosis and empirical antibiotics administration. Appropriate infection control and preventive measures should also be taken in ICUs to prevent HAP, especially against those caused by Acinetobacter spp.

Nosocomial infections due to high mortality and economic cost are one of the most important challenges that hospitals face with it. Reports show that hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection in some countries such as the United States.
The aim was to study the frequency and resistance pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates against imipenem.
This cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 years on patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by A. baumannii in 2 major university hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. After detection and identification, data regarding mortality, length of hospital stay, and treatment were collected. Furthermore, the pattern of antibiotic resistance was investigated in A. baumannii against imipenem.
In this study, among 700 patients with nosocomial pneumonia, 364 and 336 of those were male and female, respectively. All of these received imipenem. Of the total patients, 317 cases (45%) were resistant to imipenem. 84% of these patients were cured and the remaining 16% expired (P value = 0.001). A. baumannii resistance to the imipenem in both hospitals had an increasing rate. The resistance rate in the Ghaem hospital increased 96.6% at the end of the period compared to beginning of study (P value = 0.004). Also, a similar increase (94.7%) was observed in the Imam Reza hospital (P value = 0.003).
According to our results, excessive use of imipenem has been caused by antibiotic resistance, for this, the appropriate selective choice of antibiotics should be considered. At first, other antibiotics such as new generations of cephalosporins should be chosen for empirical treatment of A. baumannii.