جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « iron deficiency » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Preoperative anemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates among patients undergoing major surgery. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of preoperative iron deficiency in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery at a cardiovascular medical and research center in Iran.
 
This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center in Iran between October 2018 and September 2019. A total of 165 patients aged 18 years or older who were scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were included. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was determined using several iron parameters: serum iron levels, serum ferritin levels, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, complete blood count, serum blood urea nitrogen levels, serum creatinine levels, and C-reactive protein. Data were collected from patients' medical records.
 
A total of 165 patients were included in the study, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age was 60.6±9.9 years. The prevalence of anemia was 52.1%, higher in women than in men (55.8% vs 44.2%). Iron deficiency anemia was the most common type (75.6%), followed by anemia of chronic disease (15.1%) and other types (9.3%). Iron deficiency anemia was more prevalent in women (60%) than in men (24.7%), whereas anemia of chronic disease was more frequent in men (11.8%) than in women (2.9%).
 
Our study revealed a high prevalence of anemia among cardiac surgery patients, particularly iron deficiency anemia. These findings emphasize the importance of preoperative anemia screening and management in cardiac surgery settings, which has significant implications for patient care. (Iranian Heart Journal 2024; 25(3): 21-26)

We aimed to determine the level of serum vitamin D and serum ferritin in four groups’ children and adolescents.

This descriptive/analytical study was conducted in 2019 on children and adolescents with thalasse-mia aged 7-18 years in Ahvaz, Iran. Overall, 160 patients with the target inclusion and exclusion criteria were assigned into four groups (n=40) of people withthalassemia minor, thalassemia major, iron deficiency anemia and healthy individuals. The level of ferritin and vitamin D was assessed. Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test and Spearman's correlation test were used as well as SPSS Statistics V21.

Themean age of the participants was 13.07 ± 3.82 yr and 100 people (62.5%) were male. In terms of vitamin D deficiency, 16 people (40%) had severe deficiency in iron deficiency group. The highest level of ferri-tin was found in thalassemia major group and thelowest in iron deficiency group. Regarding the level of vita-min D and ferritin in the healthy group, there was a statistically significant difference between mean vitamin D and serum ferritin levels (P=0.027). In iron deficiency group, this level of ferritin was observed with mild defi-ciency (P=0.017). In thalassemia major group, the increase in ferritin was associated with severe vitamin D de-ficiency (P=0.05.

Severe vitamin D is seen in thalassemia major due to the increase in ferritin, but moderate defi-ciency of this vitamin in healthy people and mild deficiency in iron deficiency anemia group was observed con-sidering the normal levels of ferritin.

Anemia is defined as a reduced hemoglobin content leading to minimized oxygen carrying capacity of the cell. Children are commonly affected by anemia which causes impaired development and cognitive defects in them. Among all the causes, iron deficiency is one of the most important contributing factors to the development of anemia. The prevalence of anemia varies in different regions. This study aims to find the prevalence of anemia among children in an urban population of Kerala.

This was a retrospective observational study involving 192 children. The children were diagnosed as anemic if hemoglobin value was less than 11g/dl for those younger than 5 years and less than 11.4g/dl in those aged 5-11 years. The children were further diagnosed with mild, moderate or severe anemia based on their hemoglobin levels. Data were retrieved from the hematology reports and tabulated in Microsoft Excel. Analyses were done using SPSS software version 16.0.

This study showed the prevalence of anemia to be 54.7%. The majority of anemic children (48.6% ) were mildly anemic while 34.3% were moderately anemic, with 17.1% being severely anemic.

In spite of active policy implementation for elimination of anemia, the prevalence of anemia continues to be high indicating the need for active intervention with early detection and treatment of anemia as a routine procedure.

This study aimed to assess the status of iron stores and the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in Celiac disease (CD) patients referred to the Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gorgan, Iran.

Studies have shown that nutritional deficiencies affect 20-38% of patients with CD due to malabsorption and as a result of a gluten-free diet.

In this study, 59 out of 100 CD patients were assessed. The presence and severity of anemia were determined using the concentration of serum hemoglobin according to WHO criteria. The status of body iron stores was also assessed based on serum ferritin levels.

Mean and SD of age, duration of disease, serum hemoglobin, ferritin, TIBC, and serum iron were 39.9±11.9 years, 69.8±45.4 months, 12.6±1.99 g/dl, 54.3±55.3 mg/dL, 365.9±49.1 μg/dL, and 84.1±37.1 μg/dL, respectively. 68.42% had no anemia, 19.3% had mild anemia, 8.77% had moderate anemia, and 3.51% had severe anemia. 25.42% of patients had depleted iron stores, 71.19% had normal iron stores, and 3.39% were exposed to iron overload. There was a statistically significant correlation between serum hemoglobin and the duration of disease diagnosis (P=0.037, r=0.302).

In this study, 31.58% of CD patients on a gluten-free diet had some degree of anemia. In addition, 25.42% of patients had depleted iron stores. These results suggest that CD patients should be evaluated for iron status, even with a gluten-free diet.

 To our knowledge in our country not many studies have been done regarding the iron status and cognitive function in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum iron levels and cognitive function in children aged 1 month to 5 years in our institution.

 This study was conducted for 18 months in the pediatric population of a tertiary care hospital in Mysore, India, after obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee of the institution. A total of 255 subjects aged between 1 month and 5 years were selected as per the eligibility criteria. From these children, a venous blood sample was sent for determination of iron levels and total iron binding capacity. Cognitive abilities were assessed using the age-appropriate Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ -3).

 The mean age of the study population was 22.87±14.83 months and the male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. Totally, 230 out of 255 children were iron deficient (90.2%), 91.3% boys and 88.3 % girls. Anemia was found in 55.7% of the children, with 94.3% of those with anemia suffering from ID. ID was found to have a negative significant effect on fine motor skills (p < 0.0001) and problem-solving ability (p=0.01). Gross motor skills were significantly impaired by ID (p<0.0001).

 This study re-emphasizes that ID and IDA have a negative impact on cognitive development and performance, with more severe effects in the last stage of ID –IDA.

Context:

 Dental caries is a complication affecting the health of society, so it is vital to manage. Most children with early childhood caries (ECC) are believed to undergo anemia, altered physical growth patterns, and low weight.

 This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children.
Evidence Acquisition: The medical subject headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH were applied to choose the search terms. English language case-control studies assessing blood factors associated with IDA in children with and without dental caries were potentially eligible. Two independent researchers carried out an electronic search to retrieve studies published in the English language on Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science databases in October 2020. Initially, 494 articles were obtained. Of them, 17 were eligible for inclusion, of which eight studies were eliminated. The meta-analysis was done using the comprehensive meta-analysis software (version 2, Biostat). The forest plots estimated the mean difference and depicted the results of the meta-analysis. The Egger's and Begg's tests assessed the publication bias.

 A significant difference was observed in serum ferritin levels between the case and control groups, with a mean difference of -0.230 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.446 to -0.015; P value = 0.008). Blood hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels indicated significant mean differences of -0.991 (95% CI: -1.813 to -0.169) and -0.807 (95% CI: -1.336 to -0.279), respectively (P value < 0001). In the case group, all three blood parameters were significantly lower.

 Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and MCV levels are lower in children with dental caries than in caries-free children.

Obesity/its comorbidities occasionally exist alone, but actually, this is a dynamic network of cross morbidities that are often regarded as separable entities. Obesity is nowadays viewed as an escalating risk factor for iron deficiency, and various theories have been proposed since then explaining their relation. We aimed to determine the relationship of increased body mass index (BMI) with adiponectin, leptin, and iron profile in a sample of middle-aged and older adults with and without iron deficiency anemia. An observational study was performed among 90 participants classified into three groups. Group І included healthy subjects with normal BMI; as a control. Group II included subjects with increased BMI, and group III included subjects with increased BMI and iron deficiency anemia. After overnight fasting, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, iron, total iron-binding capacity, complete blood count, serum leptin, and adiponectin were measured. There were significantly higher mean values of BMI among those with anemia, higher mean values of serum leptin, and significantly lower mean values of adiponectin. A significant positive correlation of serum leptin with BMI and a significant negative correlation of serum leptin with iron in Group III were reported. The adiponectin/leptin ratio of (0.8) was correlated with iron and homeostatic model assessment in Group III, and a ratio of (1.1) was significantly correlated with BMI and hemoglobin level in Group II. This could suggest that interventions aimed at increasing the adiponectin/leptin ratio may help in resolving anemia among obese populations by increasing their serum iron and hemoglobin.

Iron management is essential for anemia treatment in chronic kidney disease. The reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) is a reticulocyte parameter that reflects hemoglobin synthesis of newly formed erythrocytes in the bone marrow in real-time.

This study aims to evaluate the role of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) in predicting iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Following a descriptive cross-sectional observational design, this study was conducted on 131 adult patients with CKD stages 3 - 5. Laboratory indices, including complete blood count, some biochemical indices, iron status, and reticulocyte indices (including RET-He), were measured. Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as TSAT < 20%, where serum ferritin level > 100 ng/mL was defined as functional ID, while serum ferritin level <100 ng/mL was defined as absolute ID.

Nearly 42% of patients had ID. The mean concentration of RET-He in CKD patients with ID was significantly lower than that of patients without ID (P < 0.001). Based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve model, RET-He had a good predictive value for ID in CKD patients (AUC = 0.762; P < 0.001; cut-off value: 28.15 g/L, the sensitivity of 45.5%, and the specificity of 100%). Serum iron, RET-He, serum albumin, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were independent risk factors to predict ID in CKD patients.

This study demonstrated that RET-He is an appropriate index to predict ID in CKD patients.

Preoperative anemia is an independent risk factor for higher rates of blood transfusion in cardiac surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intravenous iron sucrose and erythropoietin on transfusion requirements in patients with preoperative iron deficiency anemia (IDA) undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

In this open-label, randomized clinical trial, patients with preoperative IDA who were candidates for on-pump CABG were randomized into intervention (iron plus erythropoietin) or control groups. Iron sucrose was administered as a 200 mg intravenous dose and erythropoietin as a 100 IU/kg bolus 1 to 2 days before surgery. The primary outcome was the amount of blood transfusion during the first 4 postoperative days.

The study population consisted of 114 patients. The mean age was 64.11±8.18 years in the intervention group and 63.35±8.70 years in the control group. Twenty-seven patients (47.4%) in the intervention group and 25 (43.9%) in the control group were males. The number of red blood cell units transfused per patient exhibited a significant fall in the intervention group compared with the control group (P˂0.001). The ferritin level showed a significant rise in the intervention group on postoperative day 7 (P=0.027). The length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital was significantly lower in the intervention arm (P=0.041 and P=0.006, respectively). No adverse events were reported in both groups.

The use of erythropoietin and iron sucrose 1 to 2 days before surgery significantly decreased the need for blood transfusion in patients with IDA undergoing CABG without any significant adverse events.

Retinopathy of premature (ROP) is known as the abnormal growth of retinal blood vessels in premature infants, occurring mainly due to the exposure to high levels of oxygen. Improper growth of retinal vessels because of ischemia-reperfusion causes oxidative damage and inflammation, and this condition is exacerbated by the abnormal proliferation of new vessels (neovascularization).

Zinc and iron, as the most abundant trace metals in the retina, control the redox-oxidation state in the retina; they also act as cofactors for many enzymes, including antioxidant enzymes. The deficiency of these two elements is common in preterm neonates and is considered one of the pathogens of ROP.

Adequate zinc and iron levels inhibited not only inhibit oxidative damage and inflammation caused by hypoxia but also vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. In support of this mechanism, the results of the study showed that premature infants receiving high doses of zinc and adequate doses of iron significantly reduce the ROP process.

Oxidative damage and inflammation due to vascular ischemia in the retina are a major cause of ROP in infants, which may be due to zinc and iron deficiency. Therefore, monitoring serum zinc and iron levels and normalizing them may play an important preventive role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity.

One of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide is iron deficiency. Fatigue, pallor, vertigo, dyspnea, cold intolerance, lethargy, palpitation, headache, and the pallor of the mucous membranes or nail beds are the most frequent symptoms and signs of iron deficiency. Thrombocytosis is commonly observed in iron deficiency anemia; it seems that erythropoietin plays the main role in this respect. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia and even leukopenia have been reported in iron deficiency; however, pancytopenia is a very rare condition. In this report, we presented two unusual cases of pancytopenia due to severe iron deficiency that improved after treatment with oral iron supplements. Iron deficiency anemia, if sufficiently severe, may be associated with reduced platelet and leukocyte counts. Accordingly, this condition should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with pancytopenia.

The prevalence of iron deficiency is increasing in the cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency ane-mia and its correlation with pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis patients.

This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on the patients with cystic fibrosis who were referred to the Mofid Children Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2015-2016. Complete blood counting and iron indices were evaluated; furthermore, Pulmonary function test was performed in ≥ 5 years old patients to determine the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75). The data were analyzed by SPSS software. Pear-son correlation coefficient, t-test, Fisher’s exact test and χ2 were used for analyzing data.

Among 62 CF patients who presented to the hospital in the study period, 30 patients were able to perform spirometry and included in the study. Spirometry findings were normal in 12 patients (40%) which 72% of them were female. There was a sta-tistically significant correlation between the spirometric findings and the gender of the patients (P < 0.05); although, the correlation between the gender and iron indices was not significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, there was no statistically significant correlation between spirometric findings and iron indices (P > 0.05).

There was no significant correlation between the iron deficiency and the pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis patients.

Iron deficiency is prevalent in overweight and obese individuals and may be induced by adiposity‑related inflammation that affect iron metabolism.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between hematological parameters and obesity‑induced inflammation among young females.

A total of 170 young women (aged between 18‑35 years) participated in this cross‑sectional study. Obesity was assessed by BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist to hip ratio), and body fat percentage. Inflammatory and hematological parameters including hs‑CRP (high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein), serum Fe, hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin, TIBC (total iron binding capacity) were measured. Dietary intakes of some nutrients (total iron, proteins, calcium, and vitamin C) were assessed according to BMI, WHR and fat mass categories.

Serum iron were negatively correlated with BMI (P = 0.045, r = −0.154) and hs‑CRP (P = 0.032, r = −0.165). Hemoglobin were also negatively correlated with BMI (P = 0.043, r = −0.155). A significant correlation was also shown between WHR with transferrin (P = 0.034, r = 0.163) and TIBC levels (P = 0.035, r = 0.162), hs‑CRP was positively correlated with BMI (P = 0.014, r = 0.183), WHR (P = 0.009, r = 0.202) and body fat percentage (P = 0.037, r = 0.353). Dietary intakes did not differ significantly among BMI, WHR and fat mass categories (P > 0.05).

Obesity‑induced inflammation, regardless of dietary intake of iron, can lead to iron deficiency. Therefore, weight control, especially in obese subjects is necessary to prevent iron deficiency and anemia.